U.S. patent number 3,603,512 [Application Number 04/857,700] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-07 for spray nozzles.
Invention is credited to Alexander Jan Ham.
United States Patent |
3,603,512 |
Ham |
September 7, 1971 |
SPRAY NOZZLES
Abstract
The invention is directed to a method of forming a spray, to a
spray nozzle and to a method of making a spray nozzle. The method
of forming a spray includes the step of directing a jet of liquid
onto an apertured diffuser element of coniform which diverges in
the flow direction of the jet of liquid. The spray nozzle includes
a nozzle and an apertured diffuser element of coniform opposite the
nozzle outlet and diverging away from the nozzle. The invention
also shows that an annular deflector element is provided around the
diffuser element.
Inventors: |
Ham; Alexander Jan
(Johannesburg, ZA) |
Family
ID: |
25561247 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/857,700 |
Filed: |
September 15, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Sep 25, 1968 [ZA] |
|
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68/6227 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
239/504; 239/524;
239/558; 239/561 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
1/185 (20130101); B05B 1/265 (20130101); F28F
25/06 (20130101); B05B 15/62 (20180201) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
1/18 (20060101); B05B 1/26 (20060101); F28F
25/00 (20060101); F28F 25/06 (20060101); B05B
15/00 (20060101); B05B 15/06 (20060101); B05b
001/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/461,483,491,504,510,556,558,560,561,521,590.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Grant; Edwin D.
Claims
I claim:
1. A spray nozzle including a nozzle, an apertured diffuser element
of coniform, and support means to support the diffuser element
opposite and spaced from the nozzle outlet and diverging away from
the nozzle, the diffuser element having a plurality of apertures
spaced about its polar axis and the sides of each aperture
diverging in a direction away from the nozzle relative to an axis
parallel to the said polar axis.
2. A spray nozzle according to claim 1, in which the radially
outward side of each aperture of the diffuser element is inclined
to the said polar axis at an inclination which is proportional to
its distance from the said polar axis.
3. A spray nozzle according to claim 1, which is an integral
molding of a synthetic plastic material.
4. A spray nozzle including a nozzle, an apertured diffuser element
of coniform, support means to support the diffuser element opposite
and spaced from the nozzle outlet and diverging away from the
nozzle, and an annular deflector element around the diffuser
element and mounted with a radial clearance space between the
elements.
5. A spray nozzle according to claim 4, in which the annular
deflector element has a plurality of circumferentially spaced
deflecting surfaces at different degrees of divergence from the
nozzle.
6. A spray nozzle including a nozzle, an apertured diffuser
element, support means to support the diffuser element opposite and
spaced from the nozzle outlet, and deflecting means around the
diffuser element to deflect washoff liquid from the rear side of
the diffuser element relative to the nozzle in a direction away
from the nozzle.
7. A spray nozzle according to claim 6 in which the deflecting
means comprises an annular element radially spaced from the
diffuser element and having a plurality of circumferentially spaced
deflecting surfaces at different degrees of divergence from the
nozzle.
8. A method of making a spray nozzle as claimed in claim 1, which
includes molding the nozzle in a synthetic plastic material and
forming the apertures during the molding operation.
9. A method for forming a spray which includes directing a jet of
liquid onto an apertured diffuser element of coniform which
diverges in the flow direction of the jet of liquid so that liquid
passing through the apertures is diffused and emerges in the form
of a spray while the liquid not passing through the apertures is
washed off the diffuser element in a direction transverse to the
flow direction of the jet of liquid, and which further includes
deflecting the washoff liquid towards the spray.
10. A method according to claim 9, in which the washoff liquid is
deflected in adjacent zones of different degrees of divergence
circumferentially spaced about the diffuser element.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to spray
nozzles. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved
spray nozzle and to a method of forming a spray.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, a spray nozzle includes a nozzle, an
apertured diffuser element of coniform, and support means to
support the diffuser element opposite and spaced from the nozzle
outlet and diverging away from the nozzle.
Further according to the invention a method of forming a spray
includes directing a jet of liquid onto an apertured diffuser
element of coniform which diverges in the flow direction of the jet
or liquid.
The method may further include the step of deflecting washoff
liquid from the diffuser element into the direction of flow of the
jet of liquid. Furthermore, the washoff liquid may be deflected in
adjacent zones of different degrees of divergence circumferentially
spaced about the diffuser element.
The diffuser element may be of hollow concave form, and may be a
curved cross-sectional profile.
The apertures of the diffuser element may be spaced about its polar
axis. These apertures may be round, elliptical, triangular,
rectangular, segmental, or of any other convenient shape. The side
or sides of each of these apertures may conveniently diverge in a
direction away from the nozzle relative to an axis parallel to the
polar axis.
The inclination of the radially remote side of an aperture from the
polar axis may be proportional to its distance from the said polar
axis. Consequently, the apertures diverge in the direction of
divergence of the diffuser element.
In one form, the support means may include at least two ribs fast
with the nozzle and with the diffuser element.
A spray nozzle according to the invention may include an annular
deflector element around the diffuser element and mounted with a
radial clearance defined between the elements.
Conveniently, the annular deflector element may have a plurality
surfaces, having different degrees of divergence from the
nozzle.
If desired, a spray nozzle according to the invention may be molded
as a single integral unit in a synthetic plastic material.
According to a further feature of the invention, a spray nozzle
includes a nozzle, an apertured diffuser element, support means to
support the diffuser element opposite and spaced from the nozzle
outlet, and deflecting means around the diffuser element to deflect
washoff liquid from the rear side of the diffuser element relative
to the nozzle in a direction away from the nozzle.
The deflecting means may comprise an annular element radially
spaced from the diffuser element and having a plurality of
circumferentially spaced deflecting surfaces at different degrees
of divergence from the nozzle.
The invention is described by way of example with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a section on line I--I of the spray nozzle shown in
FIG. 2; and
FIG. 2 shows a section line II--II of the spray nozzle shown in
FIG. 1.
Reference numeral 10 indicates generally a spray nozzle consisting
of a nozzle 12 and an apertured diffuser element 14. The nozzle has
a tapering bore 16 and an outlet 18, and has a screw-threaded
section 20. The element 14 diverges away from the nozzle 12.
The diffuser element 14 is of coniform and is more particularly of
a hollow concave form. The axial profile of the diffuser element 14
is curved smoothly as shown in FIG. 2. The curve of the profile of
the rear side of the diffuser element relative to the nozzle may
for instance be circular or parabolic. If desired, the profile may
be wholly or partially linear, or wholly or partially curved.
Radially spaced concentric rows 22 of apertures 24 are provided
through the diffuser element 14. In each row 22, the apertures 24
are circumferentially spaced. The apertures 24 shown in the
drawings are of angular cross section but they may also be of round
or curved cross section.
Two ribs 26 are provided for supporting the diffuser element 14 on
the nozzle 12 in line with and spaced from the nozzle outlet 18. An
annular element 28 is provided fast with the ends 30 of the ribs
26. The annular element 28 extends around the diffuser element 14
and is radially spaced from its periphery. In addition to the rib
ends 30, lugs 32 are provided for securing the diffuser element 14
to the annular element 28.
The annular element 28 has circumferentially spaced deflecting
surfaces 34 and 36. The surfaces 34 and 36 alternate and are
inclined at different angles to the axis 38 of the nozzle 12 and of
the diffuser element 14. Raised ribs 39 separate surfaces 34 and
36.
The apertures 24 in the diffuser element 14 are of tapering form
and diverge in the direction of divergence of the diffuser element.
Furthermore, the sides 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4 of the apertures 24
diverge away from the nozzle relative to axes 24.5 parallel to the
polar axis. The inclination of each side 24.2 may be proportional
to its distance from the axis 38. The sides 24.2 are extended
slightly by providing projections 24.6 which assist in guiding the
spray in the direction of the sides 24.2.
In use, the screw-threaded section 20 of the nozzle 12 is screwed
into a liquid supply line. Liquid under pressure is ejected through
the nozzle onto the diffuser element 14. The diffuser element
deflects the jet 19 of liquid so that a sheet of liquid 19.1 flows
across its divergent exterior surface. The liquid enters the
apertures 24 which cause the liquid to be diffused into droplets.
The droplets emerging from the apertures 24 form a spray at the
rearward side of the diffuser element, i.e. on the remote side from
the nozzle. Washoff liquid 19.2 from the diffuser element 14
strikes the incline surfaces 34 and 36 of the annular element 28.
The surfaces 34 and 36 deflect the washoff liquid in the direction
of spray. By being differently inclined, the surfaces 34 and 36
cause the washoff liquid to be deflected into two spaced concentric
zones, 34.1 and 36.1. The surfaces 36 are extended slightly by
providing projections 36.2 which assist in guiding the spray in the
direction of the surfaces 36.
The spray nozzle 10 may be of a suitable synthetic plastic
material, In one material particular method of manufacture it is
molded as a single unit in a synthetic plastic material. The
divergent shapes of the apertures 24 allows a mold part used in the
manufacture for forming the apertures 24 to be axially withdrawn
from the apertures in the molding of the spray nozzle. This feature
of the invention is advantageous to keeping the number of mold
components to a minimum when a composite mold is used.
The spray nozzle 10 may be employed to form a spray in the cooling
of liquids. It may for instance be used in cooling towers or ponds
to cool hot water.
An advantage of a spray nozzle according to the invention is that
the liquid jet issuing from the nozzles strikes the diffuser
element at an angle to the exterior surface of the diffuser
element. This is advantageous in preventing blocking of the
apertures in the diffuser element. A further advantage is that
little or no liquid is deflected back in a direction away from the
spray. The invention is further advantageous in obtaining
substantially uniform liquid distribution by forming a spray zone
and one or more zones of deflected washoff liquid around the spray
zone.
* * * * *