U.S. patent number 3,603,470 [Application Number 05/000,248] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-07 for compressible safety closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Monsanto Company. Invention is credited to Donald F. Armour.
United States Patent |
3,603,470 |
Armour |
September 7, 1971 |
COMPRESSIBLE SAFETY CLOSURE
Abstract
A safety closure to prevent children from opening containers
such as those holding medicines. The closure includes a skirt for
fastening to the container, an overcap for sealing the container
opening and a locking mechanism for securing the overcap to the
skirt. The skirt has a vertical section having a portion of the
locking mechanism thereon and an adjoining outwardly flaring
section. On pressing the outwardly flaring section the locking
mechanism, including a portion on the overcap, disengages to
release the overcap, whereas a similar force applied to the
vertical section of the skirt will not result in such
disengagement.
Inventors: |
Armour; Donald F. (Bloomfield,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Monsanto Company (St. Louis,
MO)
|
Family
ID: |
21690608 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/000,248 |
Filed: |
January 2, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/213 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/045 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); A61j
001/00 (); B65d 055/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,41,46 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A safety closure or an opening in a container comprising:
a. an overcap to cover the opening of said container;
b. a resilient skirt having a first section and a second section
alongside said first section, said second section flaring outwardly
with respect to said first section;
c. locking means associated with said overcap and said first
section of said skirt for releasably securing said overcap to said
skirt, said locking means being adapted to unlock when inward
compressive force is applied to said second section of said skirt,
yet remain locked when inward compressive force is similarly
applied to said first section of said skirt;
d. means for sealing the opening of said container; and
e. means for fastening said closure to said container.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said locking means comprises a
groove on the inner surface of said first portion of said skirt and
a member depending from said overcap for cooperating with said
groove.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said locking means comprises an
inwardly projecting flange on the inner surface of said first
portion of said skirt and a member depending from said overcap,
said member extending beneath said flange when said overcap is in a
locked position on said skirt.
4. The device of claim 1 including a resilient hinge
interconnecting said skirt and said overcap, said hinge being
attached to said skirt at a position substantially opposite to said
first portion.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein said sealing means comprises a
soft liner integral with said overcap.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein said sealing means comprises a
resilient sealing member depending from said overcap, said sealing
member flaring inwardly toward the center of said overcap and
forming a seal along the inner periphery of the sidewall defining
the opening of said container.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the overcap has a substantially
horizontally projecting tab to facilitate removal of said
overcap.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein said fastening means is associated
with the inner surface of said skirt and the outer surface of said
container, said fastening means comprising a protruding bead on one
of said surfaces, and a cooperating depression in the other of said
surfaces for receiving the bead on deforming one of said
surfaces.
9. The device of claim 7 wherein said skirt has a projecting
orientation member connected to the inner surface of said skirt,
said projecting orientation member being adapted to cooperate with
a corresponding protrusion on the outer surface of said container
when said skirt is rotated with respect to said container while
fastened thereon.
10. The device of claim 7 wherein said skirt has a registration
slot at the upper peripheral edge of said skirt for receiving said
tab.
11. A safety closure for for the opening of a container
comprising:
a. an overcap to cover the opening of said container;
b. a resilient skirt having two opposing substantially vertical
sections and two opposing outwardly flaring sections intermediate
said vertical sections, said sections forming a generally circular
lower portion and a generally oval upper portion in said skirt;
c. locking means comprising a member depending from said overcap
and a cooperating groove on the inner surface of said skirt near
one end of the minor axis of said oval portion, said hooklike
member being adapted to frictionally engage a surface forming said
groove and to disengage from said groove surface when inward
compressive force is applied to the outer surface of said skirt
near the major axis of said oval portion, yet remain locked when
inward compressive force is similarly applied near said minor axis
of said oval portion and to said circular portion of said
skirt;
d. a resilient hinge interconnecting said skirt and said overcap,
said hinge being attached to said skirt at a position substantially
opposite to said groove;
e. means for sealing he opening of said container; and
f. means for fastening said closure to said container.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of The Invention
This invention relates to a closure for a container and more
specifically to a safety closure for a container used to store
medicaments and other potentially dangerous substances.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Medicines, drugs and other potentially dangerous substances such as
insecticides, weed-killing chemicals, fungicides, harsh detergents
and the like must occasionally be stored in containers kept in a
home. This creates a problem because children must not gain access
to such substances. Therefore, it is desirable and necessary to
provide a closure for such a container which can be readily opened
by an adult but which requires more manual dexterity and
coordination than can be achieved by a child. A number of safety
closures have been proposed in the past but these have suffered
from various defects. One is that the secret to opening the
container is frequently so simple that a child can accidentally
discover it. Others depend on the strength of the user. The latter
is unsatisfactory since a small boy may be stronger than an elderly
person or someone weakened by illness. Another is that such
closures frequently embody complicated mechanical structures having
a number of parts, making them too expensive and untrustworthy for
general application. Still others are too difficult to refasten to
the container and users have a tendency not to fully secure the
safety mechanism.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Now there has been developed a new combination safety closure,
hereto unknown to the prior art, which resolves the problems
described above.
Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to provide
an improved safety closure for a container.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a plastic
safety closure which can be used on containers having conventional
neck finishes.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a
safety closure having a self-contained locking system entirely
associated with the closure itself, without any dependence on
special container finishes.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an integral
safety closure with a captive hinged overcap.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a safety
closure which does not leak despite tolerance variations in the
dimensions of a container and the closure.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide means
for automatically orienting a safety closure with respect to the
container upon which it is mounted.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will in part
be obvious and will in part appear hereafter.
These and other objects are attained by providing a safety closure
for the opening of a container comprising an overcap to cover the
opening the container, a resilient skirt having a first portion and
a second portion alongside the first portion, the second portion
flaring outwardly with respect to the first portion, locking means
associated with the overcap and the first portion of the skirt for
releasably securing the overcap to the skirt, the locking means
being adapted to unlock when inward compressive force is applied to
the second portion of the skirt, yet remain locked when inward
compressive force is applied to the first portion of the skirt,
means for sealing the opening of the container, and means for
fastening the closure to the container.
The preferred configuration of the closure includes a hinge
interconnecting the overcap and skirt to ensure that the
cooperating portions of the locking mechanism on the overcap and on
the skirt will be properly aligned when the overcap is lowered into
locking position. The container is preferably sealed by means of an
inwardly flaring sealing ring connected to the underside of the
overcap to frictionally engage and form a seal along the inner
surface of the wall defining the mouth of the container.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In describing the overall invention, reference will be made to the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view section of a hinged safety closure in locking
position on a container;
FIG. 2 is an overhead view of a hinged safety closure illustrating
the position of the fingers to compress the skirt and release the
locking mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a side view section of a hinged safety closure in
unlocked position on a container; and
FIG. 4 is side view section of an alternate embodiment of a safety
closure mounted on a container.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 a safety
closure 8 for an opening in a container 40 comprising an overcap
10, a skirt 20, a hinge 50, and a locking means 27.
The overcap 10 has a generally circular planar cover 12, a hooklike
member 14 depending from the underside of cover 12, and a
manipulating tab 16 extending horizontally from the periphery of
the cover 12 and overlying hooklike member 14.
A skirt 20 surrounds neck 42 of the container 40 and has two
vertically disposed sections 24 on opposite sides of the skirt 20
and two outwardly flaring sections 25, each outwardly flaring
section 25 being located intermediate the two vertical sections 24,
as illustrated in FIG. 2. Each section 25 flares upwardly and
outwardly with respect to the vertical sections 24. The outwardly
flaring sections provide a generally oval configuration in the
upper portion of the skirt 20 while the lower portion of the skirt
20 has a generally circular configuration.
The locking means 27 includes the hooklike member 14 and a
cooperating locking groove 26, located on the inner surface of the
skirt 20 near one end of the minor axis 56 of the oval portion.
When the overcap is in locked position, the upper horizontal
surface 17 of the laterally extending member 19 of the hooklike
member 14 frictionally engages the upper horizontal surface 28 of
the locking groove 26. The length of the major axis 58 must exceed
the length of the minor axis 56 by an amount greater than the
radial length of the portion of the horizontal surface 28 in
contact with the horizontal surface 17 of the hooklike member 14.
This relationship between the major and minor axis is important
because the simultaneous application of inward compressive forces
near each end of the major axis 58 must expand the minor axis 56
sufficiently to cause the vertical section 24 to move outwardly a
minimum distance which will disengage surface 17 of hooklike member
14 from contact with the upper horizontal surface 28 of the locking
groove 26.
A means for fastening the skirt 20 to the container 40 is provided
such as the fastening rim 30 projecting inwardly from the lower
circular portion of the skirt 20. When the skirt 20 is fastened
onto the container neck 42 an outwardly projecting bead 44 lies
above rim 30 and shoulder 46 lies below rim 30 to prevent the skirt
20 from moving up or down in a vertical direction along neck
42.
A resilient hinge 50 interconnects the skirt 20 and overcap 10. The
hinge 50 is connected to overcap 10 on the outer peripheral edge 52
of cover 12 at a position directly opposite tab 16 and hooklike
member 14. The hinge 50 is connected to the upper edge 54 of skirt
20 at a position directly opposite to locking groove 26. This
location of the hinge 50 prevents misalignment of the hooklike
member 14 and the locking groove 26 when the overcap 10 is lowered
into locking position.
Also provided as an integral part of the overcap is a resilient,
circular seal ring 11 depending from the underside of cover 12 and
flaring inwardly toward the center of overcap 10. A portion of the
outer surface 13 of the seal ring 11 is adapted to frictionally
engage the upper edge 48 of the inner surface of neck 42 such that
seal ring 11 of overcap 10 will remain wedge into sealing position
while the major axis 58 is compressed and the locking means 27 is
disengaged, as illustrative in FIG. 3. Therefore, in order to open
the container a lifting force must be applied to tab 16 of overcap
10 simultaneously with the application of compressive forces to the
outer surface of the skirt 20 near opposite ends of the major axis
58 of the oval portion.
An orientation member 29 projects inwardly from skirt 20 and is
adapted to cooperate with a protrusion 49 on the outer surface of
the container neck 42 when the skirt 20 is fastened onto neck 42
and is rotated with respect to neck 42. The orientation member 29
and protrusion 49 make possible the automatic orientation of the
tab 16, hinge 50, and locking means 27 with respect to a container
label. The outer edge of protrusion 49 lies within the inner
perimeter of rim 30 when skirt 20 is lowered into fastening
engagement with neck 42, so as not to interfere with the capping
operation.
The entire closure, including the overcap 10, skirt 20, and hinge
50 are injection molded as one integral unit. To assemble the
device by means of automatic equipment, the overcap 10 is
releasably fastened to skirt 20 by forcing down on cover 12 or tab
16, thereby interlocking hooklike member 14 with locking groove 26.
The thickness, resiliency, and dimensional tolerances of the skirt
20 and the hooklike member 14 can be fixed such that a
predetermined force will be necessary to engage and disengage the
locking means 27. For example, if the skirt is too thick and not
sufficiently resilient it may be necessary to apply inward
compressive force near the major axis 58 of the oval portion to
expand the minor axis 56 and thus move the vertical section 24 of
the skirt 20 contacting groove 26 outwardly and permit the hooklike
member 14 to slide into locking position in groove 26. However, if
the skirt 20 and hooklike member 14 are sufficiently resilient to
flex when the hooklike member 14 is forced down against the upper
edge 31 of the inner surface of the skirt 20, no additional
compressive force will be necessary to engage the locking means 27.
The entire assembly is fastened onto the neck 42 of the container
40 by forcing down on the overcap 10 to interlock rim 30 of skirt
20 between projecting bead 44 and shoulder 46 of neck 42. During
fastening, the resiliency of skirt 20 permits rim 30 to pass over
bead 44. The outer surface 13 of the seal ring 11 will press
against the upper edge 48 of the inner surface of the container
neck 42. Because of the inward flare of the seal ring 11, line
contact between a portion of the outer surface 13 of the seal ring
11 and the upper edge 48 of the container neck is assured despite
possible tolerance variations in dimensions of the skirt 20,
overcap 10 and container 40. The hooklike member 14 must lie
outside the perimeter of the seal ring 11 and there must be
sufficient radial distance between the outer surface 13 of the seal
ring 11 and the hooklike member 14 to permit the upper portion of
the neck 42 to be wedged between the hooklike member 14 and the
seal ring 11. To properly orient the hinge 50, tab 16 and locking
means 27, with respect to a label on the container 40, the skirt 20
is rotated until the orientation member 29 on the inner surface of
the skirt 20 contacts the cooperating protrusion 49 on the outer
surface of the container neck 42. The device is unlocked by
simultaneously applying inward compressive force to the outer
surface of the skirt at points near each end of the major axis 58
of the oval portion as illustrated in FIG. 2. This compressive
force will decrease the size of the major axis 58 of the oval
portion and increase the size of the minor axis 56, thus expanding
outwardly the vertical section 26 containing the locking groove 26
and disengaging the skirt 20 from the hooklike member 14, as
illustrated in FIG. 3. By simultaneously lifting the tab 16 while
continuing to apply compressive force at the two ends of the major
axis of the oval portion 24, the overcap 10 can be removed from
sealing position and the container 40 will be opened. To relock the
overcap 10 into sealing position the skirt 20 is compressed while
downward force is applied to the overcap, or as discussed above, if
the skirt 20 and hooklike member are sufficiently resilient the
overcap may be locked into sealing position by a downward force
without a simultaneous compressive force.
Although the preferred embodiment was described as having a
circular overcap, circular seal ring, and a skirt with a circular
portion and oval portion, the invention can similarly be used on
containers having noncircular openings. The only configuration
requirement for the skirt is that the upper portion have an
outwardly flaring section with a minimum radial dimension greater
than the radial contact distance between the components of the
locking means. This dimension will assure the disengagement of the
locking means by the outward movement and expansion of the
nonflaring section when inward compressive force is applied to the
outer surface of the flaring section. The upper portion of the
skirt must have at least one outwardly flaring section and will
preferably have two as in the oval configuration of FIGS. 1, 2 and
3. Other possible configurations for the upper portion of the skirt
are rectangular, triangular, pear-shaped etc.
FIG. 4 illustrates a particularly attractive alternate embodiment
for a closure assembly including a nonhinged skirt 60 and overcap
66. The safety closure has two locking means 62 which engage at
opposite ends of the minor axis of the upper oval portion 64 of the
skirt 60. Each locking means includes an arm 68 depending from the
bottom of the overcap 66 and a cooperating protrusion 70 projecting
inwardly from the inner surface of the skirt 60 near the minor axis
of the oval portion 64. The skirt 60 has two opposing registration
slots 72 at the upper peripheral edge of the oval portion above the
protrusions 70. The overlap 66 has two horizontally projecting
manipulating tabs 74 overlying the arms 68. The tabs 74 are adapted
to rest within registration slots 72 when the overcap 66 is in
locking position. The combination of the tabs 74 and registration
slots 72 facilitates the alignment of arms 68 and protrusions 70
when the locking means is to be utilized. When the overcap 66 is to
be removed, inward compressive force is simultaneously applied at
opposing outer surfaces of the skirt 60 near the major axis of the
oval portion 64, while the overcap is lifted out of locking
position by applying upward pressure to one or both tabs 74. A soft
liner 76 is adhesively secured to the underside of overcap 66 and
serves to form a seal along the inner periphery of the neck 42 of
the container 40 when the overcap 66 is fastened into locking
position on skirt 60 which has been fastened onto neck 42.
In general, the preferred materials which find particular use in
this invention are flexible plastics such as polyethylene,
polypropylene, and polyurethane. The resilient characteristics of
polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyurethane are especially
suitable for use in the integral skirt, hinge, and overcap
embodiment. In the nonhinged embodiment, the material of the
overcap does not have to be as resilient as the skirt material.
The present invention finds utility in safety closures for
containers which must be used to store potentially dangerous
substances, including solids and liquids. The unique construction
of a resilient skirt permits an adult to easily disengage the
locking means, while preventing the careless removal of the overcap
by a mischievous child. The entire locking means is self-contained
in the skirt and overcap portions of the closure. Therefore, there
is no requirement of special container finishes. Furthermore,
because the entire locking means is on the closure itself, the
molding operation is simplified and the cooperating portions of the
locking means are assured of being within the required tolerances,
without any dependence on the tolerance variations of the container
dimensions.
Although the invention has been described with a certain degree of
particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has
been made only by way of example, and that many variations and
modifications of the details of construction and combination and
arrangement of parts herein described will be obvious to those
skilled in the art and may be carried out without departing from
the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
* * * * *