U.S. patent number 3,602,216 [Application Number 04/858,264] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-31 for paste dispensing body electrode.
This patent grant is currently assigned to United Aircraft Corporation. Invention is credited to Lucas H. Moe, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,602,216 |
Moe, Jr. |
August 31, 1971 |
PASTE DISPENSING BODY ELECTRODE
Abstract
A male electrode assembly fashioned with a body contacting
adhesive coated web for attachment to a body includes a pair of
relatively movable parts defining a reservoir for a conductive
paste or jelly which is dispensed at the body-contacting side of
the electrode in response to relative movement of the parts.
Specific embodiments include a push plunger, with or without ribs,
a threaded plunger, a bayonet locking plunger, and a simple female
structure. Membranes protect the paste against effects of
atmosphere, when required.
Inventors: |
Moe, Jr.; Lucas H. (Andover,
CT) |
Assignee: |
United Aircraft Corporation
(East Hartford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
25327903 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/858,264 |
Filed: |
September 16, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/392;
600/397 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/324 (20210101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/0402 (20060101); A61b 005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/386,390
;128/172.1,404,405,414,417,418,218D,218DA,2.06,DIG.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. G.
Claims
Having thus described typical embodiments of my invention, that
which I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. A multi part skin contacting body electrode assembly containing
an electrically conductive fluid and adapted to dispense the fluid
against the surface of the skin to which it is operatively attached
in use, said assembly comprising:
a main portion of electrically conductive material having a central
opening therethrough and a skin contacting area at one end of said
central opening;
means for securing the assembly to the body of the user;
an electrically conductive connector portion disposed in an initial
position within said central opening at the end thereof opposite to
said skin contacting area, said main and connector portion adapted
to permit movement of said connector portion in said central
opening toward said skin contacting area, said main portion and
said connector portion mutually configured so as to provide a
chamber for fluid therebetween with said connector portion in said
initial position, said chamber becoming smaller as a consequence of
said connector portion being moved toward said skin contacting
area; and
an electrically conductive fluid material disposed in said chamber
and adapted to be dispersed from said one end of said central
opening when said connector portion is moved toward said skin
contacting area.
2. The electrode assembly according to claim 1 additionally
comprising:
a membrane disposed at the skin contacting area end of said central
opening to isolate said conductive fluid from the atmosphere, said
membrane comprising a peeloff layer adapted to be removed prior to
operatively contacting said assembly to the skin.
3. The electrode assembly according to claim 1 wherein said
connector portion includes a cavity therein, said cavity opening
toward said skin contacting area end, and wherein said conducting
fluid is disposed within said cavity; and further comprising;
a membrane disposed across said cavity opening of said connector
portion and sealing off said cavity to isolate said conducting
fluid from the atmosphere; and
means disposed in said main portion in the skin contacting area end
of said central opening for piercing said membrane as a consequence
of relative motion of said connector portion toward said skin
contacting area.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to body electrodes, and more particularly to
a body electrode having conductive fluid dispensing capability.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the electromedical arts, the usage of body contacting
electrodes, particularly for generating electrocardiograms, is well
known. The basic structure of such devices includes a male or
female electrode adapted to be secured to the skin of a patient by
adhesive tape or the like integrally formed therewith. The
electrode may include a conductive mesh to enhance electrical
contact with the skin. In addition, conduction is improved by the
application of a conductive fluid, such as a paste or jelly, to the
skin at the area where the electrode is to make contact, prior to
the securing of the electrode to the skin. This art is illustrated
in Berman U.S. Pat. No. 3,085,577.
The application of a conductive paste or jelly to the skin must be
carefully performed so as not to provide a slippery, nonadherable
surface in the area where the adhesive or the like is to be firmly
secured to the skin. Preferentially, a small area, exactly
coextensive with the conducting portion of the electrode, should be
provided with a suitable coating of conductive paste, the
surrounding skin being left perfectly dry, coextensively with the
area to which the adhesive material is to be secured. In this
fashion, not only is the electrode mechanically fastened to the
skin, but the tight adhesion of the adhesive material seals off the
portion of skin to which contact is to be made, thus to avoid
drying out of the conductive paste. The application of such
electrodes has found some disfavor due to the difficulty of
applying just the right amount of paste while insuring sufficiently
good adhesion of the electrode to the skin to permit physical
exercise of the wearer without loosening of the electrode.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved
method and means for the application of a body electrode with an
electric conduction enhancing paste.
According to the present invention, a multi part electrode includes
a reservoir for receiving an electrically conductive paste or
jelly, relative movements between the parts of the electrode
causing the paste or jelly to be dispensed at the area of said
electrode with which electrical contact is to be made to the skin
of the wearer. In further accord with the present invention a
one-piece female electrode has paste forced out of a void therein
by insertion of a matching male connector.
The present invention permits a simple, substantially single step
application of a body electrode with an electrically conductive
fluid. Application to a wearer is achieved in a simple fashion
requiring only the opening of a package, removing peel off layers,
application of the adhesive portion of the electrode to the skin,
followed by a simple motion causing relative movement between two
parts of the electrode, or of the electrode and a matching
connector, to dispense the electrically conductive paste or jelly
in the area where electrical contact is to be made between the
electrode and the skin. This area is sealed on dry skin by the
integral adhesive, whereby application of the fluid will not impair
the adherence of the electrode to the skin.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention
will become more apparent in the light of the following detailed
description of preferred embodiments thereof, as illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a sectioned, exploded, side elevation of a plunger
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectioned, exploded, side elevation of a threaded
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectioned, exploded, side elevation of a bayonet
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a section taken on the line 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectioned, exploded, female embodiment of the present
invention; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of exemplary packaging of electrodes
in accordance with the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, a paste dispensing electrode in accordance
with the present invention comprises a main portion 10 which may be
fabricated of metal or a conductive plastic, such as carbon
impregnated nylon or Teflon of the type marketed under the
designation LF-219 by the Polimer Corp. Reading, Pa. Otherwise, it
may comprise a sintered porous plastic impregnated with conductive
paste or liquid. The main portion 10 has a central opening 12
therein within which is disposed a male connector portion 14 which
is movable with respect to the main portion 10. The connector 14 is
provided with a chamber 16 adapted to store a conductive paste or
jelly, of the type of saline paste known in the art to enhance
conductivity between body electrodes and the skin. The conductive
paste is sealed within the connector portion 14 by a membrane 18
which is relatively thin and easily pierceable by a punch anvil
section 20 which may be designed in any number of ways to cause
piercing of the membrane 18 prior to the application of substantial
pressure to the conductive paste or jelly within the chamber 16.
Surrounding the punch anvil section 20 is a cylindrical well 22
which accommodates a cylindrical wall 26 that forms the chamber 16,
and which opens into a plurality of channels 24 which allow free
passage of the conductive paste from the chamber 16 into contact
with the skin as a result of pressure caused by forcing the male
connector portion 14 downwardly to its fully seated position within
the main structure 10. The electrode of FIG. 1 is provided with a
thin webbing 28 having an adhesive layer 30 thereon, which may
comprise well-known adhesive bandage material. A pair of peel off
papers 32, 34 are used to protect the adhesive during shipment and
storage.
Application of the embodiment of the present invention illustrated
in FIG. 1 simply requires the removal of the peel off papers 32, 34
and sealing the electrode by means of the adhesive to a relatively
clean dry area of the skin. When the adhesive backed webbing 28 is
fully seated on the skin, a female electrode of the type
illustrated in the aforementioned Berman patent may be applied to
the male connector portion 14, forcing it downwardly so that the
punch anvil 20 pierces the membrane 18, and continued downward
motion causes the anvil 20 to displace the conductive paste from
the chamber 16 and through the cylindrical void 22 and the channels
24 so that the paste then makes contact between the skin and the
main portion 10, all within the sealed area 35 provided by the
adhesive tape or webbing 28.
It is obvious that this operation is far simpler than that required
in the prior art wherein the technician, nurse or patient applying
the electrode has to gauge the amount of paste to be used, and
properly center the electrode over the paste so that the paste does
not interfere with the adherence of the adhesive webbing. Further,
tubes or jars of paste and application paddles need not be
maintained in inventory.
There are a large number of variations which may be made in the
present invention, only a few of which are shown herein for
exemplary purposes. For instance, in the embodiment of FIG. 1,
either the male connector portion 14 or the hole 12 may be provided
with vertical slots and the dimensions so chosen that, as the
connector portion 14 is pressed into the main portion 10, the
splines between the slots are deformed slightly thus causing an
interference fit which will cause a good connection between the two
pieces, both mechanically and electrically.
Another variation is illustrated in FIG. 2. Therein, matching
threads 40, 42 are provided in the connector portion 14a and the
main portion 10a, and the connector portion is rotated and threaded
inwardly prior to the application of the female connector. This has
the advantage of guaranteeing relative motion between the two
parts, with little or no pressure, but has the disadvantage of
requiring the technician to achieve a firm grip on the connector
portion 14 so as to be able to thread it inwardly.
Another variation is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Therein, the
only distinction between the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that the
connector portion 14b is provided with one or more bayonets 44 and
the main portion 10 is provided with an L-shaped groove 46 to
receive each bayonet, whereby the male portion 14b may be locked in
place after being pushed into the paste extracting position.
A further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
FIG. 5. Therein, the main portion 10c is provided with a simple
central void 50 which is adapted to receive the conductive paste.
An adhesive peel off membrane 52 is provided to seal the outward
end 54 of the void 50, and the peel off piece 34a is provided with
an adhesive portion 56 to seal the inner end 58 of the void 50.
Application of the embodiment of FIG. 5 requires the removal of all
three peel off layers 52, 32 and 34a, tightly adhering the adhesive
layer 28 to the skin, and inserting a male connector 60, a plug
portion 62 of which displaces the conductive paste through the
inner end 58 of the void 50 into contact with the skin.
It should be noted that each of the embodiments has provided for
sealing of the conductive paste so as to avoid thickening or
hardening of it as a result of exposure to the atmosphere during
shipment and storage prior to use. The invention is, however,
usable in a simpler form without the various paste protective
membranes in the case where the paste is constituted to the inert
to atmosphere or to create a thin film by exposure to atmosphere,
which film protects the remainder of the paste from alteration as a
result of atmospheric exposure. Similarly, the affects of
atmosphere on thickening or hardening of the conductive paste are
mitigated by hermetic packaging, as illustrated briefly in FIG. 6.
In some cases, it is possible that the hermetic packaging is all
that is required, application of a very weak vacuum as the package
is sealed being sufficient to remove excess atmosphere so that
there will be no undue effect on the conductive paste. In such a
case, the use of membranes as illustrated in FIGS. 1-5 herein may
be eliminated.
In the foregoing embodiments, a conductive fluid, which may
comprise a paste or jelly as is known in the art, is contained
within a body electrode, and simple motion, required to connect the
electrode to an external system through a matching electrode, or a
plunging action, or rotation, is all that is required in order to
dispense the conducting fluid to a skin-contacting area of the
surface of said electrode. It should be understood that the
embodiments of FIGS. 1-4 may be implemented with female connectors
at the top thereof for matching with an external male connector.
Similarly, the peel off membrane of the embodiment of FIG. 5 may be
utilized if desired in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-4, or variations
therein. The significant factor is that either a protective
membrane must be peeled off prior to application of the electrode
to the skin, or the membrane should be pierced by the relative
motion of two parts prior to application of significant pressure to
the fluid so that the fluid will neither tend to resist the
relative motion nor to flow outwardly, away from the
skin-contacting surface of the body electrode.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to
preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those
skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes and
omissions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *