U.S. patent number 3,600,986 [Application Number 04/755,698] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-24 for self-adjusting locking wrench.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Leverage Tools. Invention is credited to Earl M. Baldwin.
United States Patent |
3,600,986 |
Baldwin |
August 24, 1971 |
SELF-ADJUSTING LOCKING WRENCH
Abstract
This invention pertains to a self-adjusting locking wrench,
having plierlike handles, which firmly and securely grips an object
of any size or thickness, within predefined limits, with
substantially the same amount of pressure. The wrench, utilizing a
pair of wedges and toggle link, has a pressure adjustment means for
varying the pressure; a quick release lever and an improved toggle
link for opening the wrench when it is securely gripping an object,
the lever also serving as one of the handles of the wrench.
Inventors: |
Baldwin; Earl M. (N/A, NB) |
Assignee: |
Tools; Leverage (NB)
|
Family
ID: |
25040258 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/755,698 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
81/370; 81/319;
81/379 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
7/123 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
7/00 (20060101); B25B 7/12 (20060101); B25B
007/12 (); B25B 007/14 (); B25B 005/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/370,371,377,378,379,380,319 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Morse; Wayne A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A self-adjusting locking wrench comprising in combination:
an elongated handle provided at a forward end with a stationary jaw
and at a rearward end with a housing, said housing having parallel
planar upper and lower surfaces;
a movable jaw pivotally connected to said handle forward end and
operable to coact with said stationary jaw;
a channel-shaped arm pivotally secured on one end to said movable
jaw with the other end thereof projecting rearwardly, said arm
having an indent formed in the channel which projects upwardly
therein;
a toggle link pivotally secured on one end to said arm with the
other end thereof extending rearwardly toward said housing, said
link having a rearwardly facing shoulder formed thereon
substantially forward of said other end;
a hinged wedge slidably disposed in said housing and pivotally
connected at its wide end to said link other end; separation means
disposed in saId housing;
a floating wedge disposed in said housing and separated from said
hinged wedge by said separation means, said wedges arranged with
the narrow end of said floating wedge and the wide end of said
hinged wedge disposed toward said jaws;
adjusting means adjustably secured to said floating wedge narrow
end;
resilient means interconnected between said movable jaw and said
adjusting means to bias said adjusting means against said shoulder;
and
a lever pivotally attached near its forward end to said arm other
end and projecting both rearwardly and forwardly therefrom, said
forward end disposed in said channel and having a lower surface a
portion of which is normally disposed against said indent and
having an upper surface formed to provide a flat portion thereon
adapted to contact said link when said jaws are closed, wherein
pivotal action on said lever away from said handle forces said
lever upper surface to push against said link thus pivoting said
arm and unlocking said jaws;
said lever having a length substantially greater than the length of
said arm; and the combined length of said arm, lever and movable
jaw is substantially equal to the length of said handle.
2. In an adjustable locking wrench having an elongated handle
provided with a stationary jaw at one end and an abutment disposed
near the other end, a movable jaw pivotally connected to the handle
and operable to coact with the stationary jaw, and resilient means
interconnected between the movable jaw and the handle for biasing
the movable jaw away from the stationary jaw; a quick release
mechanism comprising:
an arm pivotally secured on one end to the movable jaw with the
other end thereof projecting rearwardly therefrom, said arm being
channel-shaped with two upstanding walls and an interconnecting
base wall and having an indent formed in said base wall which
projects upwardly between said upstanding walls;
a toggle link pivotally secured on one end to said arm with the
other end thereof disposed against the handle abutment; and
a lever pivotally attached to a pivot pin disposed between said arm
upstanding walls, said lever having a substantially U-shaped
forward end with the forward portion of one edge thereof normally
disposed against the indent and the rearward portion of said one
edge normally spaced from and parallelly disposed to said arm base
wall, and the forward portion of the other edge projecting upwardly
toward said link with the upper portion thereof inclined rearwardly
therefrom and then downwardly toward the lever rear end, said other
end upper portion forming a flat portion disposed substantially
forward of the pivot pin and adapted to contact said link when said
jaws are closed, wherein pivotal action on said lever away from
said handle forces said lever other edge to push against said link,
thus pivoting said arm and unlocking said jaws;
said lever having a length substantially greater than the length of
said arm; and the combined length of said arm, lever and movable
jaw is substantially equal to the length of the handle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
THIS invention relates generally to plier-type wrenches and in
particular to self-adjusting locking wrenches having plierlike
handles interconnected by a toggle linkage, wherein one of the
handles serves also as a quick release lever for breaking the set
when the jaws are securely locked on a workpiece or object. This
invention incorporates an improvement on the wrench of an earlier
Pat. No. Re 26,280, titled Self-Adjusting Plier-Type Toggle Locking
Wrench, reissued Oct. 17, 1967.
The earlier wrench utilized a toggle link pivotally connected on
one end to the movable handle and at the other end to a first wedge
of a pair of coacting wedges. A shoulder on the link engaged the
second wedge, and upon moving the movable handle to unlock the
jaws, the shoulder pushed the second wedge rearwardly and pulled
the first wedge forwardly to break the set between the two wedges,
thus permitting the jaws to open. When the pressure adjusting screw
was positioned to provide maximum gripping pressure between the
jaws, it was found that considerable force was required on the
movable handle to break the set between the wedges. In fact an
operator would, under the above circumstances, have to use two
hands, one on each handle, to open the wrench.
Various release systems have been designed for the conventional
toggle wrenches, however, the self-adjusting toggle wrench
utilizing the opposed wedges requires greater pressure to break the
set. The release systems of the conventional wrenches also provide
a release lever separate from the two handles, thus increasing the
cost of manufacture and adding to the complexity of manufacture.
Furthermore, these release systems were found not to be effective
in that in many instances both hands of the operator were actually
required to accomplish the release.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
THE self-adjusting locking wrench of this invention provides a
wrench having a pair of plierlike handles, the first handle having
a stationary jaw and the second handle having a movable jaw
pivotally connected thereto and also pivotally connected to the
first handle, and a toggle linkage means cooperatively connected
between the two handles. The linkage means includes a toggle link
interconnected to one of a pair of wedges disposed in the first
handle and coacts through a shoulder thereon with the second wedge.
The second handle serves as a regular handle to close the jaws and
as a quick release lever to open the jaws. In the latter event, the
lever coacts with the toggle link to break the set between the
wedges.
It is an object of this invention to provide a self-adjusting
locking wrench with a release mechanism for unlocking the
wrench.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a
self-adjusting locking wrench having a release mechanism that
effectively releases the lock with a minimum of pressure exerted
thereon.
A further object of this invention is the provision of a locking
wrench having a pair of plierlike handles wherein one of the
handles also serves as the release lever.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide an improved
toggle link which coacts with the wedges of a self-adjusting
locking wrench for breaking the set between the wedges.
A still further object of this invention is the provision of a
quick release lever and an improved toggle link for a
self-adjusting locking wrench which only requires a slight pressure
from the fingers of the hand gripping the handles to unlock the
jaws of the wrench.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a
self-adjusting locking wrench with a quick release mechanism which
is economical to manufacture, rugged in construction and extremely
effective in use.
These objects, and other features and advantages of this invention
will become more readily apparent upon reference to the following
description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the wrench
of this invention in a locked position;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3--3 in FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the wrench
in an unlocked position.
REFERRING to the drawings, and particularly FIG. 1, the
self-adjusting locking wrench of this invention is indicated
generally at 10 and comprises a first handle unit 11, a second
handle unit 12, and a self-adjusting locking unit 13 interconnected
between the handle units 11 and 12.
The first handle unit 11 (FIG. 1) includes an elongated handle 14,
having a U-shaped body portion which forms an elongated recess, and
a stationary jaw 16 secured to the forward end of the handle 14.
The rear portion of the handle 14 has an upper wall 17 integral
with the body which, in conjunction with the U-shaped body, forms a
housing 18 that is open at the rearward end thereof. The sidewalls
of the housing 18 have laterally disposed, aligned apertures 19
formed therein and the upper and lower surfaces of the housing are
parallel, both to each other and to the length of the handle 14.
The purpose of the apertures is described hereinbelow.
Opposing the first handle unit 11 (FIG. 1) for operative
association therewith is the second handle unit 12, having a
triangularly shaped movable jaw 21 pivotally connected by a pin 22
to the forward end of the handle 14 wherein the movable jaw is
operable to coact with the stationary jaw. Pivotally secured on one
end thereof to the movable jaw 21 by a pin 23 is a rearwardly
projecting, channel-shaped arm 24. The upper wall of the channel of
the arm 24 has an indent 25 formed therein which projects into the
channel generally intermediate the ends of the arm. A combination
second handle and quick release lever 26, wherein the lever 26 is
substantially greater in length than the length of the arm 24, is
pivotally attached intermediate the ends thereof to the other end
of the arm 24 at a pivot pin 27. It will be noted in FIG. 1 that
the combined length of the arm and lever is substantially equal to
the length of the handle. The configuration and action of the lever
26 will be more fully described hereinafter.
The interconnecting, self-adjusting locking unit 13 (FIG. 1)
comprises a toggle link 28 pivotally secured on one end thereof to
the arm 24 by a pivot pin 29, with the other end thereof extending
rearwardly and into the recess formed by the walls of the handle
14. The rearward end of the toggle link 28 is pivotally connected
by a pivot pin 31 to the wide end of a first or hinged wedge 32
that is slidably disposed in the recess and housing 18. A second or
floating wedge 33, also slidably disposed in the housing 18, is
separated from the hinged wedge by a plate 34 having parallel
planar upper and lower surfaces. Projecting laterally from each
side of the plate 34 is a holding lug 36. It will be seen in FIG. 2
THAT the lugs 36 are wider than the width between the inner walls
of the housing 18, whereby in assembly, the separation plate is
inserted into the housing at an angle and then turned into
position. As positioned in FIG. 2, the lugs 36 project into the
apertures 19 and prevent forward or rearward movement of the plate
in the housing 18, however vertical movement therein is permitted.
Although the plate 34 has been defined as having parallel planar
outer surfaces, it is not intended to limit the invention thereby,
and other means of separation are possible, for example,
nonparallel surfaces, ball bearings, etc. Without a separation
plate between the wedges, the friction therebetween becomes too
great to overcome when in a locked position, thus preventing the
opening of the jaws.
A stop 35 (FIG. 4) or indent is formed in both sidewalls of the
handle 14 which protrudes into the recess forward of the hinged
wedge 32. The stop prevents forward movement of the hinged wedge
beyond a predetermined position when the wrench is in an open
position.
The wedges 32 and 33 (FIG. 1) are arranged with the wide end of the
hinged wedge disposed toward the jaw end of the wrench and the wide
end of the floating wedge disposed away from the jaw end of the
wrench. Secured, as by welding, to the forward end, or narrow end,
of the floating wedge and projecting forwardly therefrom is a
threaded shaft 37. Threadably connected to the shaft 37 is a
knurled nut 38 having an annular recess 39 formed in the periphery
thereof, wherein the forward end of the nut always projects
forwardly of the forward end of the shaft. The toggle link 28 has a
rearwardly facing shoulder 41 formed thereon substantially forward
of the opening for the pivot pin 31. The shoulder 41 is arcuately
formed and coacts in a camlike action with the forward wall 42 of
the nut 38.
A resilient means 43 (FIG. 1), such as a tension spring, is
connected at one end to the movable jaw 21, intermediate the pivot
pin 22 and 23 connections, and at the other end to the forward end
of a connector 44. The connector 44 is generally U-shaped with the
closed end bent to project normally to the longitudinal axis of the
main body. The open ends of the connector are bent to form hooks
for engaging the other end of the resilient means 43. It will thus
be noted in FIG. 4 that the main body of the connector is disposed
around the toggle link 28 and the closed end is looped around the
knurled nut 38 and seated in the recess 39. The spring 43 and
connector 44 are provided to resiliently pull the jaws open when
the lever 26 is moved away from the handle 14 and more importantly
to position the floating wedge 33 against the toggle link shoulder
41. The biasing of the floating wedge 33 against the shoulder
accomplishes the positioning of the wedge 33 for the various sizes
of workpieces placed between the jaws.
The forward end 46 of the quick release lever 26 (FIG. 1 and 3) is
disposed in the channel of the arm 24, with the upper surface 47
thereof disposed substantially parallel to and spaced from the
inner wall 48 of the arm and with the forward most portion thereof
in juxtaposition with the indent 25. The indent 25 serves as a stop
to prevent downward pivotal movement of the other end 49 of the
lever 26. A portion of the lower surface 51 (FIG. 1) of the lever
forward end is machined at approximately a 17.degree. angle to the
upper surface 47 to provide a flat surface 52 which is disposed in
juxtaposition with the toggle link 28 when the lever is in a closed
position. However, the angle of the flat surface 52 is dependent on
the dimensions of the various linkages and parts of the wrench, and
will vary accordingly. The point 55 between the flat surface 52 and
the forward portion of the lower surface 51 acts as a cam in aiding
the opening of the wrench (FIG. 4).
IN operation, at the start of the closing cycle the forward wall of
the hinged wedge 32 (FIG. 4) lies against the stop 35. The spring
43 holds the jaws open and pulls the floating wedge fully forward
against the shoulder 41 of the toggle link 28 and also holds the
hinged wedge against the stop. The wedges are now free and ready
for repositioning and the nut can be positioned to adjust the
desired clamping pressure of the jaws. Movement of the combination
second handle and quick release lever 26 from a FIG. 4 position
toward a FIG. 1, or closed, position causes the toggle link 28 to
push the hinged wedge rearwardly and the shoulder 41 to push the
floating wedge 32 rearwardly. The plate 34 adjusts upwardly
automatically as the wedges move to the rear. Rearward movement of
the wedge continues until the shoulder 41 leaves the floating wedge
33 because of its rotation about the pin 31. At this point the
spring 43 cannot overcome the friction between the wedges and the
plate and the floating wedge cannot move forwardly. The floating
wedge 33 and the plate 34 are in a locked condition and continued
closing action of the lever 26 causes the hinged wedge 32 to move
rearwardly for a short distance jamming the wedges in the housing
and latching the wrench jaws.
When the lever is fully moved into a closed position (FIG. 1), the
pivot pin 29 is disposed over the center of a line running between
the pins 23 and 31. To snap over this theoretical line, the link 28
is compressed and the pins 23, 29 and 31 are placed under a
deflecting force thus, if effect, causing the link and pins to
store energy.
To open the wrench, pivotal movement of the lever 26 (FIG. 1) away
from the handle causes the surface 52 to push against the link,
thus pivoting the arm 24 about the pin 23. Partial rotation of the
arm 24 causes the link 28 to pivot about the pin 31 until the pin
29 is in alignment with the pins 23 and 31. When the lever is fully
pivoted about the pin 27, the rearward edge of the upper surface 47
contacts the inner wall of the arm 48 whereupon continued pressure
on the lever causes the arm 24 to rotate upwardly and the forward
point of the surface 52 to bear against the link 28 until the pin
29 passes over the centerline. As the flat surface 52 (FIG. 1)
walks along the link upper surface, the cam passes the high point
55 and the shoulder 41 contacts the floating wedge 33 thus pushing
it rearwardly while the link pulls the hinged wedge 32 forwardly to
break the jam between the wedges, the plate and the housing upper
and lower surfaces. By positioning the shoulder substantially
forward of the pin 31, the force against the nut by the shoulder
41, as the toggle link 28 pivots about the pin 31, is greatly
increased because of the angularity of the forces applied thereto.
The moment the centerline is passed, the stored forces in the
wrench snap the link to an open position without additional
pressure on the lever.
Although either the action of the shoulder against the nut or the
action of the lower surface of the lever against the link greatly
decreases the required pressure to unlock the wrench, the
combination of the two allows only finger pressure of the hand
grasping the handle and lever to accomplish the same.
Adjustment of the clamping pressure is accomplished by rotating the
nut 38 about the shaft 37. Positioning of the floating wedge
forwardly by moving the nut rearwardly on the shaft provides
greater clamping pressure as the wedges set sooner in the housing.
A lesser clamping pressure is accomplished by rotating the nut to
move it forwardly on the shaft 37.
In a normal open position (FIG. 4) the gap between the jaws is
approximately three-fourths of an inch. If a greater gap is
required, the nut 38 is grasped and moved rearwardly, without
rotation, thus pushing the floating wedge rearwardly in the
housing. The spring 43 pivots the movable jaw 21 about the pin 22,
which action pushes the hinged wedge rearwardly.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention is described
hereinabove, it is to be remembered that various other
modifications and alternate constructions can be made thereto
without departing from the true scope and spirit of the invention
as defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *