U.S. patent number 3,600,714 [Application Number 04/808,559] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-24 for hydraulic helmet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hop-N-Gator Hop-N-Gator. Invention is credited to James R. Cade, Brady B. Greathouse.
United States Patent |
3,600,714 |
Cade , et al. |
August 24, 1971 |
HYDRAULIC HELMET
Abstract
A helmet including an outer resiliently deformable shell, an
inner compressible liner contacting the user's head, and an
intermediate portion positioned between the shell and liner
including a hydraulic cushioning assembly. The assembly includes a
plurality of spaced elastic cells and an elastic sump generally
coextensive with the interior of the shell and means connecting
some of the cells to other of the cells and/or to the sump for
intercommunication of the hydraulic fluid therebetween. The
connecting means includes constrictive passageways to restrict the
fluid flow therethrough. The interaction of the deformable shell
hydraulic assembly and compressible liner results in the
dissipation, absorption and distribution of the energy of an
external blow delivered to the shell.
Inventors: |
Cade; James R. (N/A, FL),
Greathouse; Brady B. (N/A, FL) |
Assignee: |
Hop-N-Gator; Hop-N-Gator
(FL)
|
Family
ID: |
25199115 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/808,559 |
Filed: |
March 19, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/83; 2/413 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A42B
3/121 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A42B
3/04 (20060101); A42B 3/12 (20060101); A42B
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/3,6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Guest; Alfred R.
Claims
We claim:
1. A safety helmet comprising an outer shell portion designed to
generally conform to the shape of the head of a user, an inner
compressible liner portion for contacting the head of the user, and
an intermediate portion positioned between said shell and liner
portions, said intermediate portion including a hydraulic
cushioning assembly containing hydraulic liquid, said assembly
including a plurality of spaced and expandable cells extending
generally coextensive with the top, front, rear and sides of said
shell portion, means for connecting some of said cells to other
said cells for intercommunication of hydraulic liquid between said
some and other cells, said means including constrictive passageways
extending between said some and other cells to permit restricted
flow of the hydraulic liquid between said cells to dissipate and
absorb the energy of a blow delivered to said shell portion of the
helmet, said liner portion compression between the user's head and
said hydraulic assembly generally beneath the location of the blow
on said shell portion to cause the liquid contained within said
assembly to flow out of said cells positioned generally beneath the
blow and into said cells adjacent thereto.
2. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 wherein said
hydraulic assembly further includes a hydraulic sump positioned
adjacent the top of said shell portion, some of said cells being
connected to said sump and extending generally outwardly therefrom
toward the front, rear and sides of said shell portion.
3. In a safety helmet as defined in claim 2 further comprising
valve means connected to said sump and communicating with the
interior thereof whereby said assembly may be filled with hydraulic
liquid through said valve means.
4. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 further comprising a
valve means connected to said assembly and communicating with he
interior thereof whereby hydraulic liquid may be inserted through
said valve means and into said assembly.
5. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 wherein said
hydraulic assembly extends over and occupies at least one-half of
the available space existing between said shell portion and said
inner liner portion.
6. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 wherein said
hydraulic assembly contains hydraulic liquid under pressure thereby
insuring hydraulic liquid throughout said assembly.
7. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 wherein said cells
are elastic and said hydraulic assembly is substantially completely
filled with hydraulic liquid.
8. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 7 wherein said
hydraulic assembly contains hydraulic liquid under pressure thereby
insuring hydraulic liquid throughout said assembly.
9. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 wherein said cells
are between about one-half and about three-fourths of an inch in
diameter and wherein said inner compressible liner portion is about
one-half of an inch in thickness.
10. In the safety helmet ad defined in claim 1 wherein said
constrictive passageways are between about one-sixteenth and
three-sixteenth of an inch in diameter.
11. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 1 wherein said outer
shell portion is resiliently deformable, said shell portion
deforming under the impact of the blow to transmit the energy of
the blow to said hydraulic assembly causing the liquid contained
therein to flow out of said cells positioned generally beneath the
blow and into said cells adjacent thereto.
12. A safety helmet comprising an outer resiliently deformable
shell portion designed to generally conform to the shape of the
head of user and an inner portion including a hydraulic cushioning
assembly containing hydraulic liquid under a pressure above
atmospheric thereby insuring hydraulic liquid throughout said
assembly, said assembly being attached to said shell portion, said
assembly including a plurality of spaced and expandable cells
generally coextensive with the top, front, rear and sides of said
shell portion, means for connecting some of said cells to other
said cells for intercommunication of hydraulic liquid between said
some and other cells, said means including constrictive passageways
extending between said some and other cells to permit restricted
flow of the hydraulic liquid between said cells to dissipate and
absorb the energy of a blow delivered to said deformable shell
portion of the helmet, said shell portion deforming under the
impact of the blow to transmit the energy of the blow to said
hydraulic assembly causing the liquid contained therein to flow out
of said cells positioned generally beneath the blow and into said
cells adjacent thereto.
13. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 12 wherein said
hydraulic assembly further includes a hydraulic sump positioned
adjacent the top of said outer shell portion, some of said cells
being connected to said sump and extending generally outwardly
therefrom toward the front, rear and sides of said shell
portion.
14. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 12 further comprising
valve means connected to said hydraulic assembly and communicating
with the interior thereof whereby hydraulic liquid may be inserted
through said valve means and into said assembly.
15. A safety helmet comprising an outer resiliently deformable
shell portion designed to generally conform to the shape of the
head of a user, an inner compressible liner portion for contacting
the head of the user, and an intermediate portion positioned
between said shell and liner portions, said intermediate portion
including a hydraulic cushioning assembly containing hydraulic
liquid to dissipate and absorb the energy of a blow delivered to
said shell portion of the helmet, said liner portion compressing
between the user's head and said hydraulic assembly generally
beneath the location of the blow on said shell portion to cause
liquid contained within said assembly to flow out of portions
thereof positioned generally beneath the blow and into other
adjacent portions thereof, said shell portion deforming under the
impact of the blow to transmit the energy of the blow of said
hydraulic assembly causing the liquid contained therein to flow out
of portions thereof positioned generally beneath the blow and into
other adjacent portions thereof.
16. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 15 further comprising
a valve means connected to said assembly and communicating with the
interior thereof whereby hydraulic liquid may be inserted through
said valve means and into said assembly.
17. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 15 wherein said
hydraulic assembly contains hydraulic liquid under pressure thereby
insuring hydraulic liquid throughout said assembly.
18. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 15 wherein said
portions of said hydraulic assembly are elastic and said hydraulic
assembly is substantially completely filled with hydraulic
liquid.
19. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 18 wherein said
hydraulic assembly contains hydraulic liquid under pressure thereby
insuring hydraulic liquid throughout said assembly.
20. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 15 wherein said
hydraulic assembly includes a plurality of cells and a sump with
the sump being positioned adjacent the top of said shell portion,
some of said cells being connected to said sump and extending
generally outwardly therefrom toward the front, rear and sides of
said shell portion.
21. In a safety helmet having an outer shell portion designed to
generally conform to the shape of the head of user, the improvement
comprising an inner portion of expandable material including a
hydraulic cushioning assembly containing hydraulic liquid under a
pressure above atmospheric thereby insuring hydraulic liquid
throughout said assembly, said assembly being attached to said
shell portion, said assembly including a hydraulic fluid sump
positioned adjacent the top of said shell portion, a plurality of
spaced elongated cells connected to said sump and extending
generally radially outwardly therefrom toward the front, rear and
side edges of said shell portion, additional elongated cells
connected to the outer ends of said radially extending cells and
positioned transversely thereof adjacent the front, rear and side
edges of said shell portion, means including constrictive
passageways extending between said sump and said radially extending
cells and between said transversely extending cells and some of
said radially extending cells to restrict the flow of the hydraulic
liquid between said sump and cells to dissipate and absorb the
energy of a blow delivered to said shell portion of the helmet.
22. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 21 wherein the outer
shell portion is resiliently deformable, said shell portion
deforming under the impact of the blow to transmit the energy of
the blow to said hydraulic assembly causing the liquid contained
therein to flow through said passageways generally outwardly from
beneath the blow.
23. In the safety helmet as defined in claim 13 further comprising
valve means connected to said sump and communicating with the
interior thereof whereby hydraulic liquid may be inserted through
said valve means and into said sump.
24. A safety helmet comprising an outer resiliently deformable
shell portion designed to generally conform to the shape of the
head of a user and an inner portion including a hydraulic
cushioning assembly containing hydraulic liquid attached to said
shell portion, said assembly including a plurality of spaced and
expandable cells generally coextensive with the top, front, rear
and sides of said shell portion, means for connecting some of said
cells to other said cells for intercommunication of hydraulic
liquid between said some and other cells, said means including
constrictive passageways extending between said some and other
cells to permit restricted flow of the hydraulic liquid between
said cells to dissipate and absorb the energy of a blow delivered
to said deformable shell portion of the helmet, said shell portion
deforming under the impact of the blow to transmit the energy of
the blow to said hydraulic assembly causing the liquid contained
therein to flow out of said cells positioned generally beneath the
blow and into said cells adjacent thereto, said inner portion
further including a compressible liner for contacting the head of
the user and which is positioned between said hydraulic assembly
and the user's head, said compressible liner compressing between
the user's head and said hydraulic assembly generally beneath the
location of the blow on said shell portion to cause liquid
contained within said assembly to flow out of said cells positioned
generally beneath the blow and into said cells adjacent
thereto.
25. In a safety helmet having an outer shell portion designed to
generally conform to the shape of the head of a user, the
improvement comprising an inner portion of expandable material
including a hydraulic cushioning assembly containing hydraulic
liquid and attached to said shell portion, said assembly including
a hydraulic fluid sump positioned adjacent the top of said shell
portion, a plurality of spaced elongated cells connected to said
sump and extending generally radially outwardly therefrom toward
the front, rear and side edges of said shell portion, additional
elongated cells connected to the outer ends of said radially
extending cells and positioned transversely thereof adjacent the
front, rear and side edges of said shell portion, means including
constrictive passageways extending between said sump and said
radially extending cells and between saId transversely extending
cells and some of said radially extending cells to restrict the
flow of the hydraulic liquid between said sump and cells to
dissipate and absorb the energy of a blow delivered to said shell
portion of the helmet, said inner portion further including a
compressible liner for contacting the head of the user and which is
positioned between said hydraulic assembly and the user's head,
said compressible liner compressing between the user's head and
said hydraulic assembly generally beneath the location of the blow
on the said shell portion to cause liquid contained within said
assembly to flow through said passageways generally outwardly from
beneath the blow.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to an improved hat or helmet, and more
particularly to a football or crash helmet designed to combine
lightweight with a high degree of protection against relatively
slow, nonballistic impact. In more specific detail, the invention
disclosed herein pertains to helmets having a hydraulic cushioning
assembly for use in protecting sportsmen, aviators, vehicle racers,
workmen, and the like wearing such helmets, against impact or shock
and possible damage resulting therefrom when the helmet is struck
by a heavy blow or external force. The helmet specifically affords
substantial protection to the top, front, rear, and sides of the
head of the user thereof and is additionally light in weight and
comfortable to wear.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Helmets have heretofore been lines with resilient padding material
such as leather, suspended strapping, foam rubber and the like for
the purpose of cushioning against shock and impact. However, these
materials have not proved entirely satisfactory since they readily
yield under impact, thereby providing practically no significant
protection after a predetermined degree of yielding of the liner
Attempts have been made to overcome this disadvantage by providing
cellular rigid but crushable liners which would compress and
rupture or crumble eventually under severe shock, but these have
not been found to be entirely satisfactory, because the liner is
destroyed on impact. The helmet then becomes useless for cushioning
or protecting against repeated impacts without rebuilding or
reconditioning same.
In addition, impact protection in helmets heretofore has been
provided largely by the use of heavy padding in combination with
rigid outer shells constructed from materials such as rigid
plastic, fiberglass or steel. However, in such prior art devices,
the direction of the blow or impact has been substantially
unchanged and no attempt has been made to deflect this blow or its
path of travel so that it will dissipate its force or energy in
directions generally parallel to the outer surface of the
helmet.
Helmets, safety has and other like devices have been previously
devised, such prior art devices being generally disclosed in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 1,348,950, 1,833,708, 2,239,946, 2,618,780, 2,664,567,
2,759,186, 2,768,919, 3,039,109, 3,070,802, 3,186,004, 3,254,883,
and 3,283,349. Applicant's invention of an improved safety helmet
including a hydraulic cushioning assembly, disclosed herein, is an
improvement over such prior art devices and generally alleviates
the aforementioned problems and difficulties of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A general object of this invention is to provide a liner
construction for helmets, such as used by football players, vehicle
racers, pilots, construction workmen and the like for protection
against impacts and blows and the like which will provide an
extremely high degree of comfort and wear and an extremely high
degree of protection against such impacts and blows to
substantially protect the person wearing such helmet.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved helmet
having a liner which includes the hydraulic cushioning assembly for
protecting the head of the wearer of the helmet against impact or
shock and possible damage resulting therefrom when the helmet is
struck by a heavy blow or other external force.
Yet another object of the subject invention is to provide an
improved helmet having an inner lining including an expansible
hydraulic cushioning assembly and a compressible liner in contact
with the user's head wherein an expansion of the assembly causes
compression of the liner which further protects the user's
head.
Still a further object of the instant invention is to provide an
improved helmet having a resiliently deformable shell wherein the
force or energy of a blow or impact delivered to the helmet is
dissipated in directions generally parallel to the outer surface of
the helmet and distributed substantially over the entire area of
contact with the user's head.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide an improved
helmet which includes a hydraulic cushioning assembly within the
helmet and is so constructed that the expansion of the cushioning
assembly will be substantially in directions generally parallel to
the outer shell of the helmet to provide an effective shock or
impact dissipating and absorbing means for protecting the head for
the wearer.
In general these objects are obtained by providing the helmet
including an outer resiliently deformable shell portion generally
conforming to the shape of the head of a user, an inner
compressible liner portion for contacting the head of the user and
an intermediate portion positioned between the shell and liner
portions. The intermediate portion includes a hydraulic cushioning
assembly having a plurality of spaced cells extending generally
coextensive with the top, front, rear and sides of the shell
portion with means connecting some of the cells to other of the
cells for intercommunication of the fluid between some of the
cells. The connecting means includes constrictive passageways
extending between some and other of the cells to permit restricted
flow of the fluid between the cells to dissipate and absorb the
energy of a blow delivered to the shell portion of the helmet.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this
invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and
method of operation, together with further objects and advantages
thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the improved hydraulic helmet of
this invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the hydraulic assembly of the helmet
with the same laid out flat in a single plane;
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
2; and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG.
1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With detailed reference to the drawings now, and in particular to
FIGS. 1 and 4 thereof, the improved hydraulic helmet 10 of this
invention is seen to include an outer or shell portion 12, an inner
or liner portion 14 and a middle or intermediate portion 15,
including a hydraulic assembly 16. Helmet 10 further includes
material forming an edging 18 thereabout which is attached to the
inner side of shell portion 12 and the inner side of liner portion
14 and overlapping liner 4 and middle portions 14 and 15 of the
helmet along the edges thereof. The usual chin strap 20 is provided
attached to the shell portion 12 of the helmet 10 and includes a
left portion 22 and a right portion 24 which are respectively
attached to helmet by appropriate fastening means at 26 and 28.
Shell portion 12 is designed to generally conform to the shape of
the head, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 4, and includes a small opening 30
extending therethrough generally at the center of the top portion
31 thereof, the purpose and function of which will be explained
more fully hereinbelow. Shell portion 12 is made from a material
such that the same is deformable when struck, for example, by a
hard or sharp blow or a forceful external impact. Shell portion 12
will deform under the force of the impact or blow, but is resilient
and will return to its original shape upon dissipation of the
energy of the impact or blow delivered thereto. It has been found
that suitable materials from which to construct shell portion 12
are high-density polyethylene or a combination of polyethylene and
butyl rubber in various amounts, but preferably in a 70:30 percent
combination of each of these materials respectively. The thickness
of the shell portion 12 should be sufficient to provide a hard,
firm and protective cover and should be in the nature of
three-sixteenths of an inch in thickness or greater.
With particular reference to FIG. 4, the liner portion 14 which is
connected to the immediate or middle portion 15 by appropriate glue
or cement covers substantially all of the interior portion of the
helmet except for the extreme lower side portions where the chin
strap 20 is attached. This liner portion 14 is a layer of sponge or
sponge rubber and preferably is about one-half inch in thickness or
greater. It has been found advantageous to construct liner portion
14 from a closed cell butyl rubber sponge which is 50 percent
compressible. Attached to the lower outer edge of the sponge
material and completely surrounding the helmet is the inner edge
portion of material or edging 18 which may be formed from a leather
or plastic product and which is attached thereto by cement,
stitching or other appropriate means.
Positioned between shell portion 12 and the liner portion 14 is the
intermediate portion 15 including the hydraulic assembly or
cushioning system 16 which is attached by appropriate gluing or
cementing to outer portion 12. As can be clearly seen in FIGS. 2
and 3, hydraulic assembly 16 of intermediate portion 15 includes a
centrally disposed sump or reservoir 32 which is positioned
adjacent the top central portion 31 of shell 12 of the helmet.
Positioned within sump 32 and extending therethrough is a valve 34
by which the hydraulic assembly 16 may be filled with a hydraulic
fluid. Valve 34 extends upward through a small opening 30 within
shell portion 12 of the helmet, permitting access to the hydraulic
arrangement from a position exterially of the helmet. If found
desirable, a small rubber plug or the like may be provided to
nestingly fit within opening 30 and extend over and cover valve 34
such as to make the outer shell 12 of helmet 10 substantially
continuous. If desired, valve 34 of hydraulic assembly 16 could be
located in and through a small opening within the lower back
section of shell portion 12 of the helmet, and in this position
valve 34 would be connected to and communicate with the interior of
cell 86 or another rear cell, providing means for filling hydraulic
assembly 16 with a hydraulic fluid.
Attached to sump 32 and extending outward therefrom in a somewhat
radial fashion are a plurality of bag members or cells 36. Cells 36
are arranged in groups or sets which when properly positioned and
secured within outer portion 12 of helmet 10 include a front set 38
which covers and protects part of the top and the forward portion
of the use's s head, a left side set 40 which covers and protects
part of the top and the left side portion of user's head, a rear
set 42 which covers and protects part of the top and the rearward
or back portion of the user's head, and a right side set 44 which
covers and protects part of the top and the right side portion of
the user's head. The radially extending bag members 36 are
interconnected with and communicate with sump 32 while other bag
members 36 are interconnected with and communicate with the
radially extending bag members by means of passageway or
constrictions, as at 46.
Group or set 38 includes three cells 48, 50 and 52 connected to
sump 32 and extending generally outward therefrom in a radiallike
manner and a fourth cell 54 extending transversely across the outer
ends of cells 48 through 52 and connected thereto. Cell 48
communicates with the interior of sump 32 by passageway 56 and the
interior of cell 54 by means of constriction or passageway 58, and
cell 52 communicates with the interior of cell 54 by means of
passageway 60 and the interior of sump 32 by means of passageway
62. Cell 50 does not communicate with the interior or cell 54, but
is open to the interior of sump 32 by means of constriction or
passageway 64.
The left side group 40 of hydraulic arrangement 16 includes a pair
of longitudinally extending cells 66 and 68 connected to sump 32 at
one of each of their ends and a third cell 70 connected to the
other ends of cells 66 and 68 and extending transversely
thereacross. Cell 66 communicates with the interior of cell 70 by
means of passageway 72 and the interior of sump 32 by means of
passageway 74, and cell 68 communicates with the interior of sump
32 by means of passageway 76 and is open to the interior of cell 70
through passageway 78.
Rear grouping or set 42 which protects the back or rear portion of
the user's head includes three cells 80, 82 and 84 which are
connected to sump 32 and extend outward therefrom in a radial
manner, and a fourth cell 86 connected to the opposite ends of
cells 80 through 84 and extending transversely thereacross. Sump 32
communicates with cells 80, 82 and 84 by means of respective
passageways or openings 88, 90 and 92, and the interior of cell or
bag member 86 is open to the interior of cells 80 and 84 by
respective passageways 94 and 96. Cell 82 is connected to bag
member 86 but does not communicates therewith.
Right side group or set of cells 44 which cover and protect the
right side portions of the user's head includes a pair of laterally
extending cells 98 and 100 attached to sump 32 and a third bag
member or cell 102 connected to the opposite ends of cells 98 and
100 and extending transversely thereof. The interior of bag member
or cell 98 communicates with the interior of sump 32 through
opening or passageway 104 and the interior of cell 102 through
passageway 106, while cell 100 communicates with sump 32 by means
of passageway 108 and cell 102 by means of passageway 110.
The cells or bag members 36 which make up the hydraulic assembly 16
of the helmet are preferably made from Neopreme which is fairly
elastic such that these bags or cells may become stretched to
dissipate the energy of an impact or blow on the helmet. The
individual cells or bag members are each preferably of a width or
diameter of between one-half to three-fourths of an inch and of
such length to properly protect substantially all portions of the
user's head when placed within the helmet, and further of a length
such that the total area of the interior of shell portion 12 of the
helmet covered by hydraulic assembly 16, including the sump and the
individual cells or bag members, is preferably between one-half to
two-thirds of the total available area of the interior of the
helmet shell. The size of the passageway or constrictions, as at
46, between the cells and the sump and between the interconnected
cells is related to the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid and the
elasticity of the cells, but is preferably of a diameter of between
one-sixteenth inch and three-sixteenth inch. In addition, the
length of the constrictions or passageways, as at 46, is related to
the amount of resistance or impedance set up to the flow of the
hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic assembly 16. The length of the
passageways shown in the drawing are approximately one-sixteenth to
one-eighth of an inch, but could range upward therefrom to about
three-fourths of an inch in dimension. In this connection,
thin-walled tubes of varying lengths up to three-fourths of an
inch, could be positioned through and sealed in the
passageways.
The hydraulic assembly 16 including the sump and cells of the
helmet if filled through the valve 34 positioned in and through the
top central portion 31 of the helmet with a viscous fluid,
preferably olive oil. Other fluids which could be used in the
hydraulic assembly of the helmet include, but are not limited to,
castor oil, safflower oil, glycerin, a heavy weight motor oil, and
a combination of glycerin, water and ethanol. The filling is
preferably completed after the particular sized helmet is placed on
the user's head to insure a proper fit for the user thereof, and
the filling of the hydraulic assembly is preferably continued until
there is a slight pressure of about 5 to 7 millimeters of mercury.
If the helmet then fits too loosely, the amount of hydraulic fluid
could be increased to cause the helmet to fit the user's head in
the correct manner.
When fitting the hydraulic helmet 10 of this invention upon the
head of a user, the hydraulic assembly 16, shown particularly in
FIGS. 2 and 3, is filled with olive oil or the like until the same
is under a slight pressure. The helmet can be fitted to various
head sizes of different users thereof by slightly increasing or
decreasing the thickness of the liner portion 14 and also by
slightly increasing or decreasing the amount of fluid contained
within the hydraulic system 16 of the intermediate portion 15 of
the helmet.
When the head of a person using and wearing the helmet of this
invention, is hit or struck by a blow or receives an impact, the
energy from such impact is absorbed and/or dissipated first by the
shell portion 12 which deforms under such impact, secondly by the
hydraulic assembly 16 and thirdly by compressing the rubber sponge
of the liner 14. The energy of the impact or blow is absorbed and
dissipated primarily by the hydraulic assembly wherein the
hydraulic fluid, e.g. olive oil, flows from the partially collapsed
cell or cells directly beneath the blow or impact or below the
deformed portion of the shell portion 12 through the constrictions
into the sump and adjacent cells expanding same. This flow or
movement of the hydraulic fluid from the partially collapsed cell
or cells located under the impact into the other adjoining and
adjacent cells and sump along with the expansion of the same
absorbs and dissipates the energy of the blow or impact imparted to
outer shell 12 of the helmet 10. In effect, the whole helmet moves
a little with the blow so that as the cells under the impact are
emptying, the other adjacent cells expand as fluid enters same from
the cells that are emptying and/or from the increased fluid in the
sump. The impact on the shell portion 12 is dissipated or absorbed
in that the force of the impact performs work prior to being
transmitted to the head of the user of the helmet. Work is
performed by deforming the outer shell portion 12, by movement of
the hydraulic fluid through constrictions, by expanding the
adjacent cells not under the deformed portion of shell portion 12
and/or expanding the sump (if the sump is beneath the impact, the
sump partially collapses and the cells expand--assuming a
sufficient impact), and by the compressing of liner 14. Not only is
the force absorbed and/or dissipated, but the resulting force is
distributed generally throughout the entire area of the head
resulting in lesser damage to the head of the user than has been
experienced with prior commercial helmets.
While only a certain preferred embodiment of this invention has
been shown and described by way of illustration many modifications
within the true spirit and scope of this invention and within the
following claims will occur to those skilled in the art.
* * * * *