U.S. patent number 3,600,025 [Application Number 04/794,316] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-17 for releasable magnetic latch.
Invention is credited to Maurice W. Brainard.
United States Patent |
3,600,025 |
Brainard |
August 17, 1971 |
RELEASABLE MAGNETIC LATCH
Abstract
A magnetic latch especially suitable for cabinet doors and the
like having spring means to be biased upon manual engagement and
urging of the cabinet door inwardly from its normal closed position
and to urge and door outwardly to an open position and past the
range of the magnetic latching effect when the door is suddenly
released from said manual engagement.
Inventors: |
Brainard; Maurice W. (Whittier,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
25162310 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/794,316 |
Filed: |
January 27, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
292/251.5;
335/285 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05C
19/165 (20130101); Y10T 292/11 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E05C
19/16 (20060101); E05C 19/00 (20060101); E05c
019/16 (); H01f 007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;292/251.5,99,201
;24/201.2 ;335/285 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
1,248,654 |
|
Nov 1960 |
|
FR |
|
620,772 |
|
May 1961 |
|
IT |
|
Primary Examiner: Novosad; Stephen J.
Assistant Examiner: McCarthy; Edward J.
Claims
IN THE CLAIMS:
1. In combination, a structure with two relatively shiftable parts,
one part being shiftable relative to the other part from a normal
position rearwardly to a spring-loading position and forwardly to
an open position, a ferrous armature on one part, permanent magnet
means shiftably carried by the other part, power spring means
normally yieldingly urging the magnet means forwardly toward said
other part, stop means limiting forward movement of the magnet
means relative to said other part and to a normal stopped position
where said armature is engaged and sealed with said magnet means
when said one part is in its normal position, said magnet means
being moved rearwardly relative to said stop means and said power
spring means being biased upon manual rearward movement of said one
part from its normal position to said spring-loading position and
operable to urge said one part and the armature forwardly to its
open position where the armature is disengaged with the magnet
means.
2. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said magnet means is
carried by a housing fixed to said other part and said stop means
includes a rearwardly disposed stop shoulder in the housing and a
forwardly disposed stop shoulder on said magnet means opposing and
normally engaging the rearwardly disposed stop shoulder.
3. A structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein said spring means
includes a compression spring within the housing between the magnet
means and a rear wall of the housing.
4. A structure as set forth in claim 2 wherein the magnet means
includes a rearwardly opening nonmagnetic cup with a flat,
forwardly disposed armature engaging wall, rearwardly projecting
sidewalls and an outwardly projecting flange on said sidewalls
defining said forwardly disposed stop shoulder, a forwardly opening
pole piece with a base portion and forwardly projecting sides
within the cup and stopped against the front wall and a permanent
magnet between said sides and engaging said base portion.
5. A structure as set forth in claim 4 wherein said housing has a
front wall with an opening in which the cup is slidably engaged and
defining said rearwardly disposed stop shoulder.
6. A structure as set forth in claim 4 wherein said spring means
includes a compression spring within the housing between the magnet
means and a rear wall of the housing.
7. A structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein said housing has a
front wall with an opening in which the cup is slidably engaged and
defining said rearwardly disposed stop shoulder.
8. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said permanent
magnet means is carried by a housing, said housing having slotted
mounting tabs projecting therefrom and fixed to said other part by
fasteners engaged through the tabs and into the cabinet, said
housing having front and rear walls, said front wall having an
opening to receive the magnet means and defining a rearwardly
disposed stop shoulder of said stop means, said permanent magnet
means including a rearwardly opening, nonmagnetic cup slidably
engaged in said opening in said front wall and having a front wall
and an outwardly projecting flange rearward of said front wall and
defining a forwardly disposed stop shoulder of said stop means
normally engaging said rearwardly disposed stop shoulder, a ferrous
metal pole plate in the cup and a pair of permanent magnets within
the cup and engaged between the plate and the front wall of the
cup, the poles of the magnets being forwardly and rearwardly
disposed, the poles of the two magnets being oppositely disposed,
said spring means including a compression spring between the cup
and the rear wall.
9. A structure as set forth in claim 8 wherein said cup normally
projects forwardly from said housing and engages the armature plate
on said one part and holds that part in its normal closed position,
said one part being adapted to be manually urged rearwardly toward
the other part and released whereupon the spring means urges the
magnet means and said one part forwardly to where the magnet means
is stopped by said stop means and said one part moves forwardly,
moving said armature plate from within the magnetic field of said
magnet means.
10. In combination, two parts shiftable in one direction relative
to each other from a normal closed position to a spring-loading
position and in the opposite direction relative to each other to an
open position, a push-to-release magnetic latch related to said
parts to releasably hold said parts in said normal position and
including a permanent magnet means carried by one part and an
armature means carried by the other part, said magnet means
establishing a magnetic seal with the armature means when the parts
are in their normal and spring-loading positions, one of said means
being a fixed means in fixed position on the part which carries it,
the other of said means being a movable means shiftably carried in
a housing fixed to the part which carries it, power spring means
carried by the housing and normally yieldingly urging the movable
means toward said fixed means, stop means in and between the
movable means and the housing to limit movement of the movable
means toward the fixed means and to stop the movable means in a
normal stopped position when the parts are in their normal and open
positions, said movable means being movable from its normal stopped
position to an actuated position upon movement of one part relative
to the other part in said one direction and to said spring-loading
position, said power spring means being biased loaded upon movement
of the movable part to said actuated position, said power spring
means when biased loaded urges the movable means to its normal
stopped position and the parts in said opposite direction relative
to each other from their spring-loading position to their normal
position and thence to their open position whereby the magnetic
seal between the fixed and movable means is broken and the armature
means is moved from within the magnetic field of the magnet means.
Description
This invention has to do with a magnetic latch and is more
particularly concerned with a releasable magnetic door latch which
is such that it will release upon the momentary application of
pressure and slight movement of the door towards and beyond its
normal closed position.
In the latch art, particularly in that portion of the art concerned
with holding cabinet doors and the like closed, magnetic latches
have become very popular. The ordinary magnetic door latch includes
a housing fixed within the cabinet and carrying a permanent magnet
and an armature in the nature of a ferrous metal plate which is
fixed to the inside of the door and adapted to engage the magnet
when the door is closed whereby the door is normally, magnetically,
held closed. To release such latches or holding devices, a handle
is provided on the exterior of the door for manual engagement so
that the door can be manually urged open and the armature can be
moved out of the field of the magnet.
In the door latch art there is another form of latch which is
rapidly growing in popularity. This form of latch is such that a
handle need not be provided on the door to effect releasing of the
latch, but is such that the latch can be released and the door
swings open upon the momentary application of pressure on, and
limited movement of, the door inward and slightly beyond its normal
closed position. This form of latch characteristically involves
spring loaded toggle levers and the like and is a rather
complicated and costly mechanism requiring close alignment for
proper operation.
An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved latch
which incorporates the advantages and desirable features of the two
above-referred to forms or types of latches, that is, a magnetic
latch which is releasable upon the momentary application of
pressure and inward movement of the door.
It is a further object of my invention to provide a latch of the
character referred to which is extremely simple, easy and
economical to manufacture, highly effective and dependable in
operation, and does not require close alignment.
The foregoing and other objects and features of my invention will
be fully understood and will become apparent from the following
detailed description of typical preferred forms and embodiments of
my invention throughout which description reference is made to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a cabinet and related door, with
said door in a normal closed position;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, with the door in its open
position and showing my invention related thereto;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken as indicated by line 3-3
on FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of a portion of the
structure shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken as indicated by line 5-5 on FIG.
3;
FIG. 6 is a view taken as indicated by line 6-6 on FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a view taken as indicated by line 7-7 on FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing another form of my
invention;
FIG. 9 is a view taken as indicated by line 9-9 on FIG. 8; and,
FIG. 10 is a view of a modified form of the instant invention.
Referring to the drawings, the latch L that I provide is shown
related to a cabinet structure C, which structure is shown as
having a flat, front, vertical cabinet surface 10 with a square or
rectangular opening 11 therein to provide access to a compartment
12. The compartment 12 is shown as having a bottom wall or shelf
13, side walls 14, a back wall 15 and a central horizontal shelf
16.
The cabinet structure further includes a closure or door 17 with
flat front and rear surfaces 18 and 19 substantially corresponding
in configuration and dimensions with said opening and so that it
freely occurs within and occupying the opening. The door is
pivotally mounted at one vertical side thereof to an adjacent
vertical side of the opening 11 by suitable hinge means 20.
The door is adapted to normally occur in a closed position, within
the opening 11 and with the front surface 18 thereof flush with the
surface 10 of the cabinet, as indicated by FIG. 1, and is adapted
to swing or pivot to an open position, ad indicated in FIG. 2.
The shelf 16 in the cabinet has a front edge 21, which edge is
spaced rearward or inward from the front 10 of the cabinet and
within the compartment 12 so that when the door is in its normal,
closed position, the edge 21 is spaced a short, predetermined
distance inward or rearward of the rear surface 19 of the door
17.
The latch L includes a housing H arranged and fixed in the chamber
12 of the cabinet adjacent the side thereof remote from the hinge
means 20 and an armature plate A arranged and fixed to the rear
surface 19 of the door 17 adjacent the vertical side edge thereof
remote from the hinge means 20 and hereinafter referred to as the
outer edge or edge portion of the door. The armature is positioned
so that it is in substantial horizontal and vertical alignment with
the housing H when the door is in its normal closed position.
The armature A is a simple, flat, elongate plate of ferrous metal
secured to the inner rear surface 19 of the door by a pair of screw
fasteners 25, as clearly illustrated in the drawings.
The housing H is a simple, inexpensive structure molded of a
suitable plastic or suitably formed of sheet metal.
The housing H includes a simple, rectangular boxlike body portion
with front and rear walls 30 and 31, top and bottom walls 32 and
33, and end walls 34. In addition, the housing includes a pair of
flat, laterally and oppositely outwardly projecting mounting tabs
35 at its opposite ends and in a common plane with the top wall 32.
The tabs 35 are provided with slotted fastener-receiving slots 36
opening vertically and extending from front to rear.
The housing H is arranged adjacent the bottom surface 37 of the
shelf with its top wall 32 and tabs 35 in flat bearing engagement
therewith and is secured thereto by screw fasteners 38 engaged in
and through the slots 36.
In practice, the top wall 32 can be eliminated, in which case the
body opens upwardly and is closed by the portion of the shelf
overlying it. Such a construction and relationship of parts is
particularly adaptable when the housing is formed of sheet metal
and greatly facilitates assembly of the latch, as will be apparent
from a study of the drawings.
The walls 30 through 34 of the housing define a chamber X.
The front wall 30 which is disposed forwardly in the cabinet, is
provided with a substantially rectangular opening 40 and its inside
or rear surface defines a flat, rearwardly disposed stop shoulder
41 about the perimeter of the opening 40.
Arranged within the housing and the opening 40 in the front wall
thereof is a rearwardly opening cuplike carrier C having a flat,
forwardly disposed front wall 42, top and bottom walls 43 and 44,
end walls 45, and an outwardly projecting flange 46 about the rear
edges of the top, bottom and end walls and defining a forwardly
disposed stop shoulder 47 about the perimeter of the carrier. The
carrier corresponds generally in front configuration and dimension
with the opening 40 and is slidably engaged in said opening with
the front wall 42 spaced forward of the front wall 30 of the
housing H and with the flange rearward of the front wall of the
housing. The forwardly disposed stop shoulder 47 defined by the
flange 46 on the carrier C opposes and is normally engaged and
stopped on the rearwardly disposed stop shoulder 41 defined by the
front wall 30 of the housing, about the opening 40 therein.
Arranged within the carrier cup C is a pair of permanent magnets M
and M', the axis of the poles of which extend fore and aft and so
that each has a front and a rear pole. The front pole of one of
said magnets, for example, the magnet M, is its north pole and
engages and stops on the rear surface of the front wall 42 of the
carrier while the front pole of the other magnet M' is its south
pole and engages the front wall of the carrier in the same manner
as the magnet M.
In accordance with the above, the south pole of the magnet M and
the north pole of magnet M' are the rear poles of said magnets.
In practice and as illustrated, the axial extent of the magnets
correspond with the depth of the carrier and so that the rear poles
thereof occur in substantially the same plane as the flange 46 of
the carrier.
In addition to the above and in combination with the magnets M and
M', I provide a flat coupler plate 50 established of ferrous metal
and engaged with and extending between the rear poles of the
magnets to conduct magnet flux between said rear poles.
The plate 50, in addition to magnetically coupling the magnets,
serves the added function of being a retainer or keeper and retains
the magnets within the carrier. The plate 50 is greater in lateral
and vertical extent than the interior of the carrier and is
arranged adjacent the rear side or end of the carrier with its
perimeter or edge portion in bearing and stopped engagement with
the rear surface of the carrier flange 46.
The plate 50 is retained and held in fixed relationship with the
carrier by means of two or more tabs T on and about the perimeter
of the flange 46, which tabs are bent rearwardly and thence
inwardly, over and about the perimeter of the plate 50 to hold the
maintain the plate captive and in desired position.
The magnets M and M' are preferably arranged in lateral spaced
relationship within the carrier and, in practice, if desired, can
be fixed to the front wall 42 of the carrier and/or to the plate 50
by means of a suitable cement.
With the structure set forth above, it will be apparent that when
the latch is in use and the front wall 42 of the carrier C engages
the armature A, the armature, like the plate 50 occurs within the
field of the magnets M and M' to conduct flux between the forward
or front poles of the magnets and the armature is magnetically
sealed with the front wall 42 and is yieldingly held in said
magnetic field.
The front wall 42 of the carrier C, occurring between the armature
A and the forward poles of the magnets and being established of
nonferrous material establishes an air gap of set and predetermined
extent between the magnets and the armature, which air gap is
suitable compensated for by the strength of the magnets.
Arranged within the chamber X and between the plate 50 and the rear
wall 31 of the housing H, is a pair of compression springs S, which
springs normally yieldingly urge the carrier forwardly to its
normal forward, stopped position.
If necessary or desired, the rear wall 31 of the housing can be
provided with forwardly projecting spring guides 51 to maintain the
springs in proper position in the housing.
The latch structure described above is positioned on the shelf so
that when it is in its normal position, the front surface of the
carrier engages the rear surface of the armature plate A when the
door 17 is in its closed position, that is, when the front surface
18 of the door in a common plane with the front 10 of the
cabinet.
When the armature A and carrier C are engaged in the manner set
forth above, the armature is within the flux field of the magnets
within the carrier and the door is held in its normal closed
position.
When it is desired to open the door, the door is manually urged
rearwardly and inwardly beyond its normal closed position and to a
position where it stops against the front edge 21 of the shelf 16,
or, in some circumstances, against the front wall 30 of the housing
H.
When the door is urged and moved inwardly in the manner set forth
above, the carrier is moved inwardly and rearwardly in the housing,
against the resistance of the springs S, further compressing said
springs.
Upon sudden release of that pressure urging the door inwardly, the
springs urge the carrier and the door forwardly. Forward movement
of the carrier is stopped suddenly and positively by the stop
shoulders 41 and 47 when the carrier reaches its normal position
and the door 17, due to the mass inertia imparted into it or the
momentum generated therein by the springs S, continues to move
forwardly and out of the flux field of the magnets, to its open
position.
It is to be noted that the generating or development of that high
or great force which is required to break the magnetic seal between
the contacting armature and magnet or magnet assembly is generated
by that impactlike force, which approaches infinity, when the
magnet is abruptly stopped by the stop shoulders. In this regard,
since force equals mass times acceleration, acceleration approaches
infinity when the mass is suddenly and abruptly stopped and the
force generated by such stopping likewise approaches infinity.
In practice if the latch does not release, when moved forwardly by
the spring, the relation between releasing force and holding force
can be increased by: (1) increasing the minimum air gap to decrease
the holding force; (2) using stronger springs or allowing longer
spring travel; and/or (3) using a weaker magnet or magnets.
Increasing the air gap between the magnets and armature to vary and
adjust the holding effect of the latch can be easily and
effectively accomplished by means of a strip 60 of pressure
adhesive insulating tape applied to the front wall of the carrier
and/or to the armature plate, as indicated in the dotted lines in
FIG. 4.
In accordance with the foregoing, it will be apparent that with the
latch that I provide, the spring loaded magnetic carrier normally
maintains the door closed and that upon pushing the door inwardly
slightly and then releasing it, the spring means which loads the
carrier and normally holds it in its normal position urges the door
forwardly and out of latched or held relationship with the
carrier.
It is to be understood and will be apparent that the housing H need
not be mounted on the bottom of a shelf as illustrated and
described, but can be mounted in any manner in the cabinet which
permits proper orientation of the carrier and necessary and proper
relationship of the carrier with the armature A.
In FIG. 8 of the drawings, I have shown another form of my
invention wherein a single permanent magnet M.sup.2 is
provided.
The details of construction of the housing H' and carrier C' in
this second form of the invention can be similar to like elements
and parts in the first form of the invention and vary therefrom in
dimensions only.
In this second form of the invention and since a single permanent
magnet is provided, a ferrous cup or C-core K having a base or
bottom 60 and a forwardly projecting annular side 61 is arranged in
the carrier C' and about the magnet with its base 60 engaging the
rear end or pole of the magnet and the forward rim of the legs
engaged and stopped on the rear surface of the front wall 42 of the
carrier. The magnet M.sup.2 can be cemented or otherwise fixed to
the core K as desired.
The magnet and core assembly can be retained in the carrier by a
plate such as the plate 50 in the first form of the invention, or
can, if desired and as illustrated, be retained in the cup by bent
over tabs T' on the flange 46 of the carrier. The tabs T' are
similar to the tabs T in the first form of the invention, but are
of greater longitudinal extent.
The core K in this second form of the invention serves to carry the
flux from the rear pole of the magnet around to the armature A',
which flux flows through the armature back to the forward pole of
the magnet, when the door 17' is closed.
In practice, the housing and the means provided to mount the
housing can be of any desired and suitable form. For example, and
as illustrated in FIG. 10 of the drawings, the housing H.sup.2 is a
cylindrical part with apertured mounting flanges at one end and
such that it can be slidably engaged and securely fixed in a
cylindrical hole bored or otherwise established in one of two
relatively movable parts which it is desired to releasably latch
together.
It is to be understood that whether the housing is fixed to a fixed
or immovable part, such a a cabinet shelf, or to a movable part,
such as a cabinet door, and the armature is fixed to the immovable
part or the movable part, is a matter of desirability of
installation and/or choice.
A drawer or sliding door latch release mechanism established in
accordance with the spirit of this invention can be provided to
hold a drawer or sliding door in exact closed position and allow
opening of said drawer or sliding door without use of unsightly
hardware or "pulls." In such embodiments of my invention, best
design and proportioning would likely dictate the use of stronger
springs and/or weaker magnets than are employed for swinging door
latches, such as referred to above.
It will be apparent that the latch means that I provide is
extremely simple and practical to manufacture and install and
highly effective and dependable in operation.
Having described only typical preferred forms and applications of
my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to the
specific details herein set forth, but wish to reserve to myself
any modifications and/or variations which may appear to those
skilled in the art.
* * * * *