U.S. patent number 3,598,122 [Application Number 04/812,116] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-10 for bandage for administering drugs.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Alza Corporation. Invention is credited to Alejandro Zaffaroni.
United States Patent |
3,598,122 |
Zaffaroni |
August 10, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ( Reexamination Certificate
) ** |
BANDAGE FOR ADMINISTERING DRUGS
Abstract
Bandage for use in the continuous administration of systemically
active drugs by absorption through the skin or oral mucosa
comprising a backing member having on one surface thereof a
reservoir containing a systemically active drug. The reservoir has
a wall distant from the backing member and permeable to passage of
the drug. A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, also permeable to
passage of the drug, is carried by the reservoir. The drug is in a
form acceptable for absorption through the skin or the mucosa of
the mouth.
Inventors: |
Zaffaroni; Alejandro (Atherton,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Alza Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
27123569 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/812,116 |
Filed: |
April 1, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/435; 424/449;
424/448; 604/304 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
31/002 (20130101); A61L 15/58 (20130101); A61K
9/7084 (20130101); A61M 37/00 (20130101); A61F
9/0017 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61K
9/70 (20060101); A61K 9/70 (20060101); A61L
15/58 (20060101); A61L 15/58 (20060101); A61L
15/16 (20060101); A61L 15/16 (20060101); A61F
9/00 (20060101); A61F 9/00 (20060101); A61M
31/00 (20060101); A61M 31/00 (20060101); A61M
37/00 (20060101); A61M 37/00 (20060101); A61f
007/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/155--156,268,296
;424/19--20,28 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rosenbaum; Charles F.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A medical bandage for use in the continuous administration to
circulation of controlled quantities of systemically active drugs
over a prolonged period of time by absorption through the external
body skin or mucosa, said bandage comprising a sandwich including
(1) a backing member; (2) a discrete, middle reservoir layer
containing a systemically active drug, which reservoir layer is
comprised of systemically active drug formulation confined within a
wall member, said wall member being formed from drug release rate
controlling material to continuously meter the flow of drug from
the said reservoir to the skin or mucosa at a controlled and
predetermined rate over a prolonged period of time; and (3) a
surface of a pressure-sensitive adhesive adapted for contact with
the skin or mucosa of a patient.
2. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the reservoir layer
(2) is comprised of a walled container having an interior chamber
containing the systemically active drug formulation.
3. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the reservoir layer
(2) is comprised of a matrix of the drug release rate controlling
wall material, said matrix having the systemically active drug
formulation distributed therethrough.
4. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the systemically
active drug formulation is soluble in the drug release rate
controlling material.
5. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the
pressure-sensitive adhesive is permeable to passage of the
systemically active drug formulation.
6. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the drug formulation
comprises a pharmacologically acceptable solvent.
7. The bandages as defined by claim 1, further comprising a
solubility membrane (4) interposed between said reservoir layer (2)
and said surface of pressure-sensitive adhesive (3).
8. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein said drug release
rate controlling material is silicone rubber.
9. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein said drug release
rate controlling material is a hydrophilic polymer of an ester of
an olefinic acid.
10. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein at least that
portion of the wall member comprising the reservoir layer (2) which
is adapted to be brought contiguous the skin as mucosa is formed
from the drug release rate controlling material.
11. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the wall member
comprising the reservoir layer (2) consists of drug release rate
controlling material.
12. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the outer surface of
the wall member comprising the reservoir layer (2) also defines the
said backing member (1).
13. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the
pressure-sensitive adhesive is adapted to provide a liquidtight
adhesive seal between the skin or mucosa and the bandage.
14. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the surface of a
pressure-sensitive adhesive (3) is covered with a protective
release coating (5).
15. The bandage as defined by claim 1, wherein the outer surface of
the backing member (1) is coated with a low-adhesion backsize (6).
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a bandage for use in the continuous
administration of systemically active drugs.
One primary objective of drug therapy is to achieve a particular
(uniform, variable, or modulated) blood level of drug in
circulation for a period of time (hours, days, months). Many drugs,
such as the steroidal hormones, are absorbed in a relatively short
period of time, and are not long acting due to rapid metabolism and
excretion following administration. To obtain the desired
therapeutic effect, it is necessary in most cases to establish a
dosage regime of multiple unit doses over a 24 hour period. Most
drugs are administered orally or by injection and neither of these
modes of administration achieves the desired blood level of drug in
circulation in the typical case.
With oral administration of drugs, it is difficult if not
impossible to achieve a constant blood level of drug in
circulation. This is true even though the drug is administered at
periodic intervals according to a well-defined schedule. One reason
for this is that the rate of absorption of drugs through the
gastrointestinal tract is affected by the contents of the tract.
Such variables as whether the drug is administered before or after
eating and the type and quantity of food eaten (for example, high
or low fat content) or administered before or after a bowel
movement, can control the rate of absorption of the drug in the
gastrointestinal tract. As most of the absorption of drugs takes
place in the small intestine, the time of passage through the small
intestine is another governing factor. This in turn is affected by
the rate of peristaltic contracting, adding further uncertainty.
Also important is the rate of circulation of blood to the small
intestine.
The almost inevitable result of oral administration of drugs
through the gastrointestinal tract is that the level of drug in
circulation surges to a high each time the drug is administered,
followed by a decline in concentration in the blood and body
compartments. Thus, a plot of drug in circulation following a
dosage schedule of several tablets a day has the appearance of a
series of peaks, which may surpass the toxic threshold, and
valleys. Each time the blood level decreases below a critical point
needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect that effect will
no longer be obtained. Worse still, with antimicrobial drugs, the
disease producing micro-organisms rapidly multiply when the
concentration of drug in circulation descends below a critical
point. It is likely that the drug-resistant mutant strains which
are becoming increasingly prevalent and represent one of the major
problems in the therapeutics of infectious diseases are formed
precisely at such times.
One approach to this problem has been the advent of the so-called
sustained release or time capsule in oral dosage form. While many
of these perform satisfactorily in vitro and in animal or clinical
studies under controlled conditions of nutrition and activity,
there is little or no evidence that these dosage forms are
effective for achieving a continuous and predictable level of drug
in circulation over a prolonged period of time under the normal
conditions encountered by the outpatient.
Many effective therapeutic agents are destroyed by microbial flora
or G.I. secretions or are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal
tract.
Administration of drugs by injection is inconvenient, painful, and
the risk of local tissue reaction and of infection is serious.
Moreover, the typical result of administration by injection is a
surge in blood level concentration of the drug immediately after
injection, followed by a decline and another surge in concentration
upon subsequent injections.
Other dosage forms such as rectal suppositories and sublingual
lozenges also produce nonuniform levels of the therapeutic agent in
circulation. These dosage forms require great patient cooperation,
have low patient acceptability, and are sparingly used throughout
most of the world.
Dosage forms described above all bring about a pulse entry of drug,
that is, a concentrated dose of drug is brought into contact with
an organ of entry at a particular time unit. Undoubtedly, this
creates drug concentrations beyond the capacity of the active
centers to accept (that is, the saturation point is exceeded by
many orders of magnitude) and, also, until dilution in body fluids
takes place, may exceed the capacity of metabolic and excretory
mechanisms. The result is that a toxic level of drug is allowed to
build, for a period of time, with detrimental effects for
particular tissues or organs. To obtain persistence of effect, the
usual industrial approach is to make the initial dose high or to
modify the drug structure to obtain a longer metabolic half-life of
the drug in circulation. Raising the initial dosage only worsens
the problem. Many derivatives with long half-lives have a lower
therapeutic index (ratio between the median toxic dose and the
median effective dose) than that of the parent compounds; and
therefore these approaches are not the answer to the problem.
To avoid the problems discussed above, it has been suggested that
systemically active drugs can be administered through the skin.
Percutaneous administration can have the advantage of permitting
continuous administration of drug to circulation over a prolonged
period of time to obtain a uniform delivery rate and blood level of
drug. Commencement and termination of drug therapy are initiated by
the application and removal of the dosing device from the skin.
Uncertainties of administration through the gastrointestinal tract
and the inconvenience of administration by injection are
eliminated. Since a high concentration of drug never enters the
body, problems of pulse entry are overcome and metabolic half-life
is not a factor of controlling importance.
Despite these advantages of administering systemically active drugs
through the skin, prior devices designed for this purpose were
either impractical or inoperative and did not provide continuous
administration and delivery rate. This form of administration has
not been accepted by the medical profession and the only prior art
manner of obtaining continuous delivery rate remains the continuous
intravenous drip.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a device for
the administration of systemically active drugs which overcomes the
aforesaid disadvantages inherent in prior art modes of
administration.
Another object of this invention is to provide a reliable and
easily applied device for continuously administering controlled
quantities of systemically active drugs through the skin.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a device for
administering systemically active drugs through the oral
mucosa.
A further object of this invention is to provide a complete dosage
regime for a particular time period, the use of which requires
patient intervention only for initiation and termination.
In accomplishing these objects, one feature of this invention
resides in a bandage for use in the continuous administration of
systemically active drugs by absorption through the skin or oral
mucosa. The bandage is comprised of a backing member, a reservoir
containing a systemically active drug on one surface of the backing
member, the reservoir having a wall distant from the backing member
and permeable to passage of the drug, and a pressure-sensitive
adhesive layer on the exterior surface of the distant wall of the
backing member, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer also being
permeable to passage of the drug. The drug is in a form suitable
for absorption through the skin or oral mucosa.
Another feature of this invention resides in a bandage as described
above including a solubility membrane interposed between the wall
of the reservoir and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description
of the invention which follows, and from the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the bandage of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bandage of the invention;
and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the modified bandage of the
invention including a solubility membrane between the reservoir and
the pressure-sensitive adhesive.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bandage 10 of this invention
is comprised of a backing member 11 having a reservoir 12 on one
surface thereof. Wall 13 of reservoir 12 distant from backing
member 11 bears a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 14. Reservoir
12 contains a systemically active drug 15 and at least wall 13 of
reservoir 12 in contact with adhesive layer 14 is permeable to
passage of the drug.
FIG. 3 illustrates a modified form of the invention in which a
solubility membrane 16 is interposed between reservoir 12 and
pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 14.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
To use the bandage 10 of the invention, it is applied to the
patient's skin. Adhesive layer 14 should be in firm contact with
the skin, forming a tight seal therewith. Drug 15 within reservoir
12, whether in solid form or solution, migrates through wall 13,
acting as a solubility membrane, and into adhesive layer 14, as by
diffusion when the drug is soluble in wall 13. Ordinarily, one
would expect the drug migration to cease when sufficient drug has
reached the outer surface of wall 13 to create an equilibrium or
when adhesive layer 14 has become saturated with the drug. However,
when adhesive layer 14 is in contact with the patient's skin, drug
molecules which are continuously removed from the outer surface of
wall 13 migrate through the adhesive to the outer surface of
adhesive layer 14 and are absorbed by the skin. Absorbed drug
molecules pass through the skin and enter circulation through the
capillary network. While the bandage may be applied to any area of
the patient's skin, the lower back and buttocks are the areas of
choice. In like manner, the bandage can be applied to the mucosa of
the mouth, for example, by application to the palate or the buccal
mucosa, to obtain absorption of the drug by the oral mucosa.
Although obtaining a liquidtight adhesive seal between the skin and
bandage is important, it becomes critical in the mouth. Without
such a seal, irrigation of the oral mucosa by saliva will transfer
the drug to the gastrointestinal tract, rather than to circulation
through the oral mucosa.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the bandage of this
invention significantly differs from prior art wound dressings or
bandages containing antiseptics or topically active drugs. The
bandage of this invention contains a systemically active drug and
is applied to unbroken skin, to introduce the drug to circulation
in the blood stream and produce a pharmacologic response at a site
remote from the point of application of the bandage. Thus, the
bandage functions as an external drug reservoir and provides a
complete dosage regime for a particular time period.
In practicing this invention, one can employ any systemically
active drug which will be absorbed by the body surface to which the
bandage is applied. The term "systemically active drug" is used
herein in its broadest sense as indicating a substance or
composition which will give a pharmacologic response at a site
remote from the point of application of the bandage. Of course, the
amount of drug necessary to obtain the desired therapeutic effect
will vary depending on the particular drug used. Suitable drugs
include, without limitation, Antimicrobial agents such as
penicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline,
chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides; Sedatives and Hypnotics such as
pentabarbital sodium, phenobarbital, secobarbital sodium, codeine,
(.alpha.-bromoisovaleryl) urea, carbromal, and sodium
phenobarbital; Psychic Energizers such as 3-(2-aminopropyl) indole
acetate and 3-(2-aminobutyl) indole acetate; Tranquilizers such as
reserpine, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, and thiopropazate
hydrochloride; Hormones such as adrenocorticosteroids, for example,
6.alpha.-methyl-prednisolone, cortisone, cortisol, and
triamcinolone; androgenic steroids, for example,
methyltestosterone, and fluoxymesterone; estrogenic steroids, for
example, estrone, 17.beta.-estradiol and ethinyl estradiol;
progestational steroids, for example, 17.alpha.-hydroxyprogesterone
acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, 19-norprogesterone, and
norethindrone; and thyroxine; Antipyretics such as aspirin,
salicylamide, and sodium salicylate; Antispasmodics such as
atropine, methscopolamine bromide, methscopolamine bromide with
phenobarbital; Antimalarials such as the 4-aminoquinolines,
8-aminoquinolines, and pyrimethamine; and Nutritional agents such
as vitamins, essential amino acids, and essential fats.
Drugs which alone do not pass through the skin or oral mucosa can
be dissolved in an absorbable, pharmacologically acceptable solvent
to achieve passage through the external body layer. Suitable
solvents include alcohols containing two to 10 carbon atoms, such
as hexanol, cyclohexanol, benzylalcohol, 1,2-butanediol, glycerol,
and amyl alcohol; hydrocarbons having five to 12 carbon atoms such
as n-hexane, cyclohexane, and ethyl benzene; aldehydes and ketones
having four to 10 carbon atoms such as heptyl aldehyde,
cyclohexanone, and benzaldehyde; esters having four to 10 carbon
atoms such as amyl acetate and benzyl propionate; ethereal oils
such as oil of eucalyptus, oil of rue, cumin oil, limonene, thymol,
and 1-pinene; halogenated hydrocarbons having two to eight carbon
atoms such as n-hexyl chloride, nhexyl bromide, and cyclohexyl
chloride; or mixtures of any of the foregoing solvents. Also, with
drugs which do not pass through the skin or oral mucosa, simple
pharmacologically acceptable derivatives of the drugs, such as
ethers, esters, amides, acetals, etc. having the desired absorption
property can be prepared and used in practicing the invention. Of
course, the derivatives should be such as to convert to the active
drugs within the body through the action of body enzyme assisted
transformations, pH, etc.
The reservoir containing the drug is formed of a material permeable
to the drug, to permit passage of the drug, as by diffusion,
through the reservoir wall at a relatively low rate. Normally, the
rate of passage of the drug through the reservoir wall is dependent
on the solubility of the drug or drug solution therein, as well as
on the reservoir wall thickness. This means that selection of
appropriate materials for fabricating the reservoir will be
dependent on the particular drug to be used in the bandage. By
varying the composition and thickness of the reservoir wall, the
dosage rate per area of bandage can be controlled; for the
reservoir wall acts as a solubility membrane to meter the flow or
diffusion of drug from the reservoir to the adhesive layer. Thus,
bandages of the same surface area can provide different dosages of
a drug by varying the characteristics of the reservoir wall. While
it is only necessary that the wall of the reservoir in contact with
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer be permeable to the drug, for
convenience, all of the walls of the reservoir normally are formed
of the same material.
The reservoir can be formed by molding into the form of a hollow
container with the drug trapped therein. Alternatively, the
reservoir can be in the form of an envelope formed from sheets of
polymeric material permeable to passage of the drug and enclosing
the drug. While the walls of the reservoir can be of any convenient
thickness, usually they have a thickness of from 0.01 to 7
millimeters. In a further embodiment, the reservoir can comprise a
solid matrix having the drug uniformly distributed therethrough.
This can be accomplished by adding the drug to the matrix material
in liquid form and subsequently converting the matrix to a solid by
curing or cooling; or by immersing the solid matrix in the drug to
effect diffusion of the drug into the matrix. Thus, the reservoir
of the bandage of this invention is a hollow drug container or a
solid or gel matrix. Drug is metered through the reservoir wall to
the adhesive layer, with the rate controlled by the composition and
thickness of the reservoir wall.
Materials used to form the reservoir are those capable of forming
film walls or matrixes through which drug can pass by diffusion.
Fabrics, fibrous masses, and the like, which merely absorb and
release drug solutions in a gross and uncontrollable manner, are
unsuitable since predictable drug release cannot be obtained.
One presently preferred class of materials for use in forming the
reservoir for the drug are the organopolysiloxane rubbers, commonly
known as silicone rubbers. Suitable silicone rubbers are the
conventional heat-curable silicone rubbers and the room temperature
vulcanizable silicone rubbers.
Conventional silicone rubbers which are converted to the rubbery
state by the action of heat are predominantly linear
organopolysiloxanes having an average degree of substitution of
about two organic groups attached directly to silicon per silicon
atom. Preferably, the organic groups are monovalent hydrocarbon
radicals such as alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, and of
these, the methyl, phenyl and vinyl radicals are most
preferred.
Variation of the organic groups in the silicone rubber can be used
to vary the solubility of the drug in the polymer and hence can
control the speed of migration of the drug through the polymer.
Also, drugs which are insoluble in one type of silicone rubber may
be soluble in a different type of polymer. One especially preferred
class of silicone polymers are the pure dimethylpolysiloxanes.
Room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubbers are also
commercially available and are known to the art. In general, they
employ the same silicone polymers as discussed above although the
polymers often contain a greater amount of silicon bonded hydroxy
groups. This type of silicone rubber will cure at room temperature
in the presence of an appropriate catalyst, such as stannous
2-ethylhexoate.
Exemplary patents disclosing the preparation of silicone rubbers
are U.S. Pats. Nos. 2,541,137, 2,723,966, 2,863,846, 2,890,188,
2,927,907, 3,002,951, and 3,035,016.
Another class of materials suitable for use in forming the
reservoir are the hydrophilic polymers of monoesters of an olefinic
acid, such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Exemplary polymers
of this class include poly (hydroxyethylacrylate) and poly
(hydroxyethylmethacrylate). These polymers are commercially
available and their preparation is described in U.S. Pats. Nos.
2,976,576 and 3,220,960, as well as in Belgian Pat. No. 701,813.
When using these hydrophilic polymers, the drug is normally
dissolved in a solvent such as a lower alcohol to promote passage
of the drug through the polymer.
Other exemplary materials for use in forming the reservoir include
polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, plasticized polyvinylchloride,
plasticized nylon, collagen, modified collagen, gelatin, and waxes
such as polyethlene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, hydrogenated
castor oil, etc.
One face surface of the drug reservoir bears a backing member. The
purpose of the backing is to prevent passage of the drug through
the surface of the reservoir distant from the adhesive layer. An
ancillary purpose of the backing is to provide support for the
bandage, where needed. The backing member can be flexible or
nonflexible and exemplary materials include cellophane, cellulose
acetate, ethylcellulose, plasticized vinylacetate-vinylchloride
copolymers, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyethylene,
polyvinylidene chloride, coated flexible fibrous backings such as
paper and cloth, and aluminum foil. Such backings can be in the
form of precast films or fabrics which are bonded to the reservoir
by heat or adhesives or can be coated onto the reservoir. When the
outer surface of the reservoir is impermeable to the drug and
strong enough, the backing becomes unnecessary.
The other surface of the reservoir bears a coating of a
pressure-sensitive adhesive. Any of the well-known dermatologically
acceptable pressure-sensitive adhesives which permit drug migration
can be used in practicing this invention. Exemplary adhesives
include acrylic resins such as polymers of esters of acrylic acid
with alcohols such as n-butanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, 2-methyl
butanol, 1-methyl butanol, 1-methyl pentanol, 2-methyl pentanol,
3-methyl pentanol, 2-ethyl butanol, isooctanol, n-decanol, or
n-dodecanol, alone or copolymerized with ethylenically unsaturated
monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide,
methacrylamide, N-alkoxymethyl acrylamides, N-alkoxymethyl
methacrylamides, N-tert. butylacryl-amide, itaconic acid,
vinylacetate, N-branched alkyl maleamic acids wherein the alkyl
group has 10 to 24 carbon atoms, glycol diacrylates, or mixtures of
these; elastomeric silicone polymers; polyurethane elastomers;
rubbery polymers, such as polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, and
polybutadiene; vinyl polymers, such as polyvinylalcohol, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone, and polyvinlacetate; cellulose derivatives such as
ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose;
natural gums such as guar, acacia, pectins, etc. For use in contact
with the oral mucosa rubbery polymers, such as polyisobutylene,
with or without gum modifiers gives good results, as do polyvinyl
alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives and others.
The adhesives may be compounded with tackifiers and stabilizers as
is well known in the art.
The required surface area of the bandage will depend on the
activity of the drug and the rate of its absorption through the
skin. Usually the adhesive face of the bandage has a surface area
of 0.5 to 400 square centimeters, although smaller or larger
bandages can be used.
Usually, the adhesive layer has a thickness of 0.01 to 7
millimeters, although these limits are not critical to successful
practice of the invention.
In a modified embodiment of the invention, metering of the drug
from the reservoir to the adhesive is further controlled by
interposing a further solubility membrane therebetween. The
solubility membrane, as with the walls of the reservoir, usually is
formed of a material in which the drug is soluble and capable of
diffusing through. Any of the materials previously mentioned for
use in fabricating the walls of the reservoir may be used as the
solubility membrane. Of course, in each instance, the solubility
membrane will have different characteristics than the reservoir
wall of the particular device. This use of a pair of solubility
membranes, that is, the reservoir wall and the further solubility
membrane, allows for precise control of drug release; for the
thickness and composition of both membranes can be varied to
provide for a wide range of dosage levels per a given area of
bandage.
It will be appreciated that on confining the drug within the
reservoir the drug immediately begins to migrate into and through
the walls of the reservoir. On coating the reservoir with the
adhesive, the drug passing through the walls of the reservoir will
enter the adhesive, eventually saturating the adhesive with the
drug. To prevent passage of the drug away from the exposed surface
of the adhesive prior to use, the adhesive surface of the bandage
generally is covered with a protective release film or foil, such
as waxed paper, prior to use. Alternatively, the exposed rear
surface of the backing can be coated with a low-adhesion backsize
and the bandage rolled about itself. As a further alternative, and
to prevent passage of the drug into the adhesive layer prior to
use, the adhesive can be supplied separately from the reservoir and
backing, with the device assembled at the point of use. For
example, the adhesive in sheet form can have both surfaces
protected with a release film and the wall of the reservoir can be
similarly protected. At the point of use, the release films can be
removed from the reservoir and one surface of the adhesive, the
adhesive sheet applied to the reservoir wall to complete assemblage
of the bandage, the remaining release film then removed from the
adhesive, and the bandage then applied to the patient.
In a specific example of the invention, dry crystalline powdered
megesterol acetate (0.3 gram) is placed on a sheet of dimethyl
silicone rubber having a thickness of 0.13 millimeters. The sheet
is folded to provide a surface area of 100 square centimeters on
each face and the flaps sealed with silicone adhesive to provide a
thin envelope containing the hormone. One face surface of the
envelope is bonded to a sheet of cellophane while the other is
coated with dimethyl silicone rubber adhesive to a thickness of 2
millimeters. The adhesive face surface of the completed bandage has
an area of 100 square centimeters. The bandage is effective to
slowly release magesterol acetate and, when applied to the female
skin, is useful for fertility control.
Thus, this invention provides an easy to use device for
administering systemically active drugs through the skin and oral
mucosa. Uncertainties of administration through the
gastrointestinal tract are avoided and a constant level of drug in
circulation can be obtained. Treatment is begun by applying the
bandage to the skin or oral mucosa and terminated by removing it
therefrom. The bandage can contain and administer the complete
dosage requirements for a particular time period, for example, for
24 hours. Intervention by the patient is required only to apply and
remove the bandage, so that uncertainties are eliminated.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the
fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the
preferred embodiment, it will be understood that various omissions
and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the
bandage illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without
departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention,
therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the
following claims.
* * * * *