U.S. patent number 3,598,065 [Application Number 04/850,593] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-10 for pallet structure with self locking leg.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westvaco Corporation. Invention is credited to Gerald H. Young.
United States Patent |
3,598,065 |
Young |
August 10, 1971 |
PALLET STRUCTURE WITH SELF LOCKING LEG
Abstract
The pallet comprises a deck sheet to which is secured a
plurality of spaced legs arranged in a pattern to permit handling
of the pallet by a forklift truck or other material handling
equipment. Each leg comprises a reinforced synthetic support which
is preferably shaped like the frustum of a cone and which includes
a flange area and locking slot at the upper end thereof. The pallet
is formed by forcing the legs through openings in the deck sheet
where the legs are automatically locked in position.
Inventors: |
Young; Gerald H. (Closter,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Westvaco Corporation (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25308584 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/850,593 |
Filed: |
August 15, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
108/3; 108/53.3;
108/56.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
19/40 (20130101); B65D 19/0028 (20130101); B65D
2519/00567 (20130101); B65D 2519/00019 (20130101); B65D
2519/00323 (20130101); B65D 2519/00069 (20130101); B65D
2519/00557 (20130101); B65D 2519/0094 (20130101); B65D
2519/00288 (20130101); B65D 2519/00273 (20130101); B65D
2519/00338 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
19/00 (20060101); B65D 19/38 (20060101); B65D
19/40 (20060101); B65d 019/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/51--58 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Finch; Glenn O.
Claims
I claim:
1. A pallet structure comprising:
a. a platform member having a plurality of spaced openings therein
for receiving a plurality of leg members;
b. a plurality of one-piece leg members for selective use in the
spaced openings of said platform;
c. each of said leg members including upper and lower portions with
a continuous flange element integrally attached to said leg members
above the upper portions thereof and extending outwardly
therefrom;
d. means integral with each of said leg members for locking said
leg members in the selected openings;
e. said integral locking means comprising a continuous slotted area
around the periphery of each leg member and located above the upper
portion of each leg member and below the flange element
thereof.
2. The pallet structure of claim 1 wherein:
f. the locking slot of each leg member is smaller in diameter than
the upper portion of said leg member and larger in diameter than
the lower portion of said leg member.
3. The pallet structure of claim 2 wherein:
g. the locking slot of each leg member is substantially the same
diameter as the corresponding opening in said platform member.
4. The pallet structure of claim 3 wherein:
h. the locking slot of each leg member has a vertical height which
is substantially equal to the thickness of the associated platform
member.
5. The pallet structure of claim 4 wherein:
i. said leg members are of frustoconical shape with a flat bottom
surface so as to be nestable with one another.
6. The pallet structure of claim 5 wherein:
j. said leg members include internal ribs for increased compression
strength.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to a pallet structure having a
deck sheet or platform member formed from any convenient material
such as wood, plastic, paper or any combination thereof, and a
novel leg member formed from a synthetic material such as high
density polyethylene, Fiberglas reinforced high density
polyethylene or other ABS type materials. The term "ABS Materials"
is used herein to define a group of engineering plastics which
contain acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins.
The invention relates more particularly to an improvement in
pallets and deals with a pallet having in its preferred form, a
deck sheet or platform member of corrugated paperboard or the like,
and legs made from an injected-molded synthetic which can be
produced at low cost and assembled with a minimum of effort.
Pallets are very commonly used in materials handling operations. In
view of the fact that wooden pallets are quite expensive to
produce, many such pallets are now being manufactured of paperboard
or solid fiber. While pallets of this type are not as durable as
wooden pallets, they are sufficiently less expensive so that they
may be disposed of after use. Such an arrangement is particularly
desirable where goods are being shipped from a manufacturer to a
distant point, as it eliminates the necessity of returning the
empty pallets to the manufacturer. However, this situation, where
the pallets have only one useful life is not always the case, and,
to present a solution for both the requirements of a reusable
pallet and a disposable pallet the hereinafter described invention
was developed.
Applicant discovered that most loads applied to pallets were well
distributed and that the limiting factor in weight support was the
ability of the leg structure to support a load. Accordingly, a low
cost, easily manufactured, novel, one piece leg structure, having
maximum load carrying ability for its weight and cost, was
developed.
Moreover, applicant further discovered that most single faced
nestable pallets failed when any one leg collapsed. These failures
occurred when the leg proper failed, and the attachment flange
bent, or, the leg structure became detached from the platform
because of poor attachment, thus increasing the load in unbalanced
proportion on the remaining leg structures. Accordingly, applicant
developed an attachment structure on the upper end of the pallet
leg to overcome the problems with the prior art by uniformly
loading the leg portion of the leg structure and mechanically
locking the leg structure to the platform automatically upon
assembly and without any attendant manipulation.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Pallets of the class to which this invention relates are used
extensively for storing, handling and transporting numerous kinds
of goods. Essentially, they are formed of a platform or deck sheet
and a plurality of legs, the legs being spaced apart to accommodate
the fork arms of a lift truck extending under the platform,
preferably from any side of the platform. When not loaded or
otherwise being used, they are usually stacked, and for some
business arrangements, the empty pallets are required to be
returned to the supplier of the shipped goods.
Various pallet structures have been proposed and many have been put
to use which are adapted to be nested so as to occupy less storage
space and less return shipping volume, but none have been known to
encompass all of the features of the pallet structure of the
present invention.
Since the novel pallet of the herein described and claimed
invention is formed in its preferred embodiment from a combination
of paperboard and plastic, applicant has made use of two
inexpensive yet extremely strong raw materials. In addition, by
arranging for the construction of the pallet without tools,
fasteners, or machinery of any kind, applicant has further provided
a pallet structure which can be set up with a minimum of effort and
skill. Accordingly the novel pallet of the present invention could
readily be used only once then thrown away; used and stored in
nested condition for reuse or return to the supplier; or, used and
then disassembled for other use or return to the supplier.
A general object of this invention is to provide a pallet structure
which is simple and rugged in construction, reliable in service and
economical to manufacture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide in one form
an inexpensive pallet in which the legs thereof are made of a high
strength synthetic material and the platform portion thereof is
made of low cost paperboard.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a pallet
construction which may utilize for example wood, plastic, paper or
any combination thereof for the platform, and polyethylene,
Fiberglas, or any ABS material for its leg construction.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a pallet
construction wherein the component parts thereof may be shipped
separately for assembly at the point of use.
An additional object of this invention is the provision of a novel
pallet leg construction which includes an automatically locking
feature adjacent the flanged upper end thereof for securely fixing
the pallet leg to the pallet platform.
A feature of the invention is the provision of a pallet platform
having a plurality of openings therein which accommodate tapered
pallet legs with locking slots near the upper flanged edges
thereof. The locking slot in each pallet leg is somewhat smaller in
diameter than the diameter of the upper portion of the leg, and, it
is a great deal smaller in diameter than the flange at the extreme
upper edge of the leg. The vertical height of the locking slot is
substantially the same size as the thickness of the pallet platform
being used. The flanges have very little vertical thickness, but
they are fairly wide so as to offer adequate support for the load
on the pallet.
Other features and advantages of the novel pallet in accordance
with the present invention will appear in the following part of the
specification wherein the details of construction and manner of
assembly is described in more detail.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the top surface of a supporting platform
with the legs affixed in position;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the pallet structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of one pallet leg as assembled with the
support platform, and;
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross section of one of the preferred pallet
legs.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawing in greater detail, the pallet shown in
FIG. 1 is designated generally by reference numeral 10. It
comprises a flat platform or deck sheet 11 and a plurality of legs
13 which are adapted to be frictionally received in openings cut
from the platform 11. The platform may take any desired form, but
it is preferred that either a corrugated paperboard or solid
fiberboard sheet be used for the sake of cost, convenience and
weight saving. When corrugated board is used, the platform may be
formed from a single conventional double faced board having any
desired flute size, or any combination of sheets and flutes as long
as the thickness of the platform does not exceed the vertical
dimension of the locking slot in the leg structure.
The pallet platform includes a plurality of openings 20 extending
therethrough so that the legs 13 might be pressed into the openings
to be locked in position. Openings 20 in platform 11 are sized to
be slightly smaller than the upper end 16 of the pallet leg but
approximately equal in diameter to the locking slot 17 in pallet
leg 13. This relative construction permits the pallet leg 13 to be
forced into the opening 20 until the periphery of opening 20 fits
snugly into the slotted area 17 of the pallet leg. When this
assembly takes place, the edges of the opening 20 are only slightly
distorted and the platform opening 20 "pops" into locking position
in the slot 17.
The pallet illustrated in FIG. 1 is shown as having five openings
20 and legs 13, which are spaced apart throughout the area of the
platform 11 to accommodate the fork lift arms of a lift truck (not
shown) extended between the legs, preferably from any edge of the
platform, for lifting the platform. However, it should be
understood that a pallet as constructed according to this invention
could have any number of legs desirable. As an example, a
standardized pallet having as many as nine openings for legs could
be used. This pallet could then accommodate selectively as few as
four legs or as many as nine legs placed in the respective openings
in accordance with the load to be carried.
The legs 13 are preferably formed by injection molding of high
density polyethylene or fiberglass reinforced high density
polyethylene although synthetics of ABS materials might be used.
The legs are of hollow construction having a relatively thin wall
thickness, and are of frustoconical configuration, each having a
sidewall 18 and a flat bottom wall 14. The upper end of the legs 13
include the leg end 16, an indented locking slot 17 and a load
supporting flange area 15. The illustrated pallet platform 11 is
made from corrugated paperboard and is prepared separately from the
legs 13.
Since the legs are of a hollow frustoconical shape, they can be
stacked in nested configuration prior to use, or assembled with the
platform 11 and then stacked as desired. Further, to provide
additional strength to the legs, it is desirable to add reinforcing
ribs to the inside of the leg walls during the molding process. An
example of the reinforcing ribs are illustrated in FIG. 4.
FIG. 2 shows the assembled pallet with the legs 13 extending below
the platform 11 and the flanges 15 above the platform 11. This
figure illustrates clearly that the platform element 11 serves only
to position and fix the leg members 13 in place. The load carrying
elements of the pallet are clearly the leg members 13 with the
flanges 15 serving to distribute the load throughout the respective
legs.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, detailed view of one pallet leg 13 in
combination with the pallet platform 11. This figure illustrates a
desirable taper to the outer peripheral edges of the upper load
supporting flanges 15. Moreover, the close fitting relationship of
the locking slot 17 and the thickness of the pallet platform 11 is
shown.
FIG. 4 shows a typical vertical cross-sectional view of the pallet
leg 13. The tapered outer walls 18 of the pallet leg are shown as
extending from a relatively small lower portion or base 14 up to a
somewhat larger upper end 16. The locking slot 17 is located above
the pallet leg upper end 16 and spaced slightly below the flange
element 15. The locking slot is obviously of smaller diameter than
the upper end 16 since the periphery of opening 20 must fit into
slot 17 to positively lock the leg in position. The relative size
of the upper end 16 and locking slot 17 would be chosen in
accordance with several different factors. For instance, in view of
the fact that the upper end 16 should pass through the
accommodating opening 20 in the pallet platform 11, while allowing
the platform material to then extend as far as possible into the
locking slot 17, the material used for the pallet platform would be
a determining factor. A relatively flexible pallet platform
material such as corrugated paperboard could be successfully
employed with a rather wide difference between the diameter of the
pallet leg 13 at its upper end 16 and the diameter of the locking
slot 17. The corrugated paperboard would tend to flex as the pallet
leg was forced through the pallet platform opening and then return
to its prior shape upon encountering the smaller locking slot at
17. Ideally, using corrugated paperboard, the diameter of the
locking slot 17 would be the same as the diameter of the platform
opening 20 with the pallet leg diameter at 16 being much larger. Of
course, the diameter of the base at 14 would be smaller than
opening 20. However, with heavier platform material, the platform
opening 20 would have to be made more nearly the same size as the
pallet leg at 16. In an experiment performed with a corrugated
paperboard pallet, when the load was situated off center and away
from the legs, the platform flexed so that the adjacent openings 20
assumed an elliptical shape which tended to grip the legs 13 more
securely than in the normal state.
In practice, the pallet forming materials could be shipped to the
user in different containers for assembly at the point of use, or,
preassembled. If unassembled, the pallet platforms 11 would be
precut and stacked and the leg elements 13 would be premolded and
stacked much like paper cups in a dispenser. The user would then be
required only to select a platform member 11 and choose the
selected number of pallet legs 13 to insert in the openings 20,
then simply force each leg into a respective opening 20 until the
leg became locked in position. This assembly could be performed at
the point of use without fasteners either by hand or with machinery
such as a jig or the like. Obviously only a small amount of skill
or effort would be involved.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that a novel and convenient
structure has been invented. While only a preferred embodiment has
been illustrated and described in detail, it should be recognized
that any practical departure could be made therefrom within the
scope of the invention. Thus having described the invention and the
preferred manner of construction and assembly, what is desired to
be protected by Letters Patent is defined in the appended
claims.
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