U.S. patent number 3,597,858 [Application Number 04/779,379] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-10 for scale building set and elements.
Invention is credited to Charles S. Ogsbury, Don C. Witte.
United States Patent |
3,597,858 |
Ogsbury , et al. |
August 10, 1971 |
SCALE BUILDING SET AND ELEMENTS
Abstract
In a scale building set there is provided a plurality of
building elements dimensionally related to conform to a selected
scale having interlocking socket and beaded joint portions which
may be assembled into a wide variety of composite structures
including scale model buildings. The socket joint portion is
slotted for insertion of the beaded joint portion and firmly grips
the beaded joint portion to hold the elements in particular angular
relation while at the same time permitting substantial forced
rotational and sliding movement between elements. One of the
elements is a flat panel which may be of a variety of geometric
shapes and another of the elements is a connector of preselected
lengths having plural joint portions arranged in angular spaced
relation to one another about a common midpoint.
Inventors: |
Ogsbury; Charles S. (Gold Hill,
CO), Witte; Don C. (Boulder, CO) |
Family
ID: |
25116258 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/779,379 |
Filed: |
November 27, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
434/72; D8/382;
D8/396; 403/119; 403/237; D8/354; D8/395; D25/1; 403/170;
446/115 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
7/0493 (20130101); F16B 5/0621 (20130101); G09B
25/04 (20130101); F16B 5/0607 (20130101); F16B
5/0614 (20130101); Y10T 403/341 (20150115); Y10T
403/32606 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
G09B
25/00 (20060101); G09B 25/04 (20060101); F16B
5/06 (20060101); G09b 025/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;35/16 ;46/21,31,30 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,183,468 |
|
Jan 1959 |
|
FR |
|
377,258 |
|
Jun 1964 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Skogquist; Harland S.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. In a scale building set, a flat panel element of a selected
geometric shape and scale dimension having a beaded, generally
circular joint portion along each peripheral edge thereof, and a
narrowed weblike panel portion extending inwardly of the beaded
joint portion, a connector element having a peripheral socket joint
portion for joining a side of said panel element with an adjacent
side of another panel element, said socket portions being slotted
to form an entrance for insertion of said beaded joint portion and
being formed of a yieldable extruded material, said socket portions
having opposing side extensions projecting outwardly from a central
body and turning inwardly toward one another at their ends to
extend beyond a semicircular section of the beaded joint portion,
said panel and connector elements being geometrically and
dimensionally interrelated to conform to a selected scale wherein
smaller panels are interconnected by connector elements to form an
assembly having the same external dimensions as a larger panel
element, said joint portions having correspondingly shaped mating
contact surfaces concentrically arranged and in frictional
engagement substantially throughout the circumferential extent of
the socket portion to provide uniform frictional engagement between
said mating surfaces when one element is rotated relative to the
other for clampingly joining said panel and connector elements
while permitting forced rotational and slidable movement
therebetween, said panel element being beveled across each corner,
the sides of said joint portions being spaced apart and said panel
portion being sized to permit at least 90.degree. of rotation
between said elements.
2. In a scale building set as defined in claim 1 wherein said
socket portion is open at each end to permit slidable insertion and
removal of the beaded portion throughout in the assembly and
disassembly of said elements.
3. In a scale building set as defined in claim 1 wherein said
connector element is extruded from a plastic material.
4. In a scale building set as defined in claim 3 wherein said
connector element has a pair of joint portions arranged in an
angularly spaced, generally perpendicular relation to one
another.
5. In a scale building set as defined in claim 3 wherein said
connector element has plural elongated joint portions arranged for
extension in spaced parallel relation to one another about a common
midpoint.
6. In a scale building set as defined in claim 3 wherein said
connector element includes a central hollow body for outwardly
projecting joint portions.
7. In a scale building set as defined in claim 3 wherein said
connector element includes a central body formed of a yieldable
material which tapers inwardly from each joint portion to a
midpoint to provide a hinging movement between said joint
portions.
8. In a scale building as defined in claim 1 wherein said side
extensions are generally arcuate in shape and are of increased
flexibility at said entrance.
9. In a composite structure formed of elements of a scale building
set, a plurality of flat panel elements each having an enlarged
beaded joint portion along each outer peripheral edge thereof and a
flat weblike panel portion extending inwardly of the beaded joint
portion, connector elements each having a plurality of slotted
socket joint portions for insertion of said beaded joint portions
in joining said panel and connector elements to form a
three-dimensional composite unit, said panel and connector elements
being geometrically and dimensionally interrelated to conform to a
selected scale wherein smaller panel elements are interconnected by
connector elements to form an assembly having the same external
dimensions as a larger panel element, each said socket joint
portion having opposing sides extending substantially beyond a
semicircular section of an associated beaded joint portion, said
joint portions having correspondingly shaped mating contact
surfaces concentrically arranged in a frictional engagement
throughout substantially the circumferential extent of the socket
portion to provide uniform frictional engagement between the mating
contact surfaces when one element is rotated relative to the other,
each said flat panel element being beveled across the corner to
permit extension of a connector element on one of the panel
elements past the corner of said composite unit, the sides of said
joint portions being spaced apart and said panel portion being
sized to permit at least 90.degree. of rotation between said
elements.
Description
SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to new and improved scale building sets and
elements. A variety of structural building sets composed of basic
structural elements have heretofore been provided which permit the
user to produce toy or scale model composite structures. In the
past, these elements have sometimes been lacking in durability and
mechanical strength and also have not afforded as great a degree of
versatility in composite structures as is sometimes desired. In
addition they have not been entirely satisfactory for all
applications and particularly in the construction of scale model
architectural buildings.
Accordingly it is an object of this invention to provide a novel
set of scale building elements which are easily assembled and
disassembled and form a variety of composite structures with full
harmony between the assembled elements.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
set of scale building elements which include cooperative joint
portions on the elements arranged to firmly join together while
permitting substantial forced rotation and slidable movement
therebetween.
It is still another object of this invention to provide
interlocking elements dimensionally related to conform to a
selected scale for making scale composite structures which may be
easily and economically produced in a wide variety of geometrical
shapes to form composite structures of a variety of
configurations.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide scale building
elements for forming scale model architectural buildings and the
like which provide a wide versatility in the shape and
configuration of the built-up units.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided basic
elements dimensionally related to conform to a selected scale
arranged with joint portions which interlock firmly to hold the
elements in a particular angularly disposed relationship to one
another, and yet will rotate and slide in relation to one another.
Panel elements are formed of any of a variety of geometric shapes
such as squares, rectangles, triangles, polygons and the like which
when connected together will make two- and three-dimensional
composite structures, with complete harmony between all elements.
The connector elements between the panels are preferably of an
extruded plastic material and may be arranged with several joint
portions, either socket or beaded, on a central body which provides
either right-angle, two-way, three-way and four-way connections as
required for a particular structure.
Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the present invention
will be more apparent as the description proceeds taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a partially completed scale model
building made up of a set of building elements embodying features
of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an upper corner of one room of the building shown in FIG.
1 illustrating a typical three-dimensional composite structure.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary end elevation view of the room shown in
FIG. 2 with portions broken away to show interior parts.
FIG. 4 is an end view of a roof of the building shown in FIG.
1.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 5-5 of FIG. 4
showing a trim element.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a four-way connector
used in the building shown in FIG. 1 having socket joint portions
connected to beaded joint portions on the panel members.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way connector and
panels connected thereto of the type shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a two-way connector and
connected panels of the type shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a right-angle connector and
connected panels of the type shown in FIG. 6 with the direction of
pivotal movement indicated by arrows.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another form of two-way
connector having socket portions arranged about a central
hinged-type body.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way connector similar
to that shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary elevation view of another form of
structure including a panel element having socket joint portions
formed along each side shown interconnected to a second similar
panel element by a two-way connector having beaded joint
portions.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along lines 13-13 of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative form of
four-way connector element having beaded joint portions fastened
thereon.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way connector of the
type shown in FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a right-angle connector of the
type shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a modified form of male
four-way connector having a central hinged-type body.
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a three-way connector of the
type shown in FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a two-way connector of the
type shown in FIGS. 17 and 18.
FIG. 20 is an enlarged top plan view of the straight stairway with
portions broken away to show interior parts.
FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of the stairway of FIG. 20 with
portions broken away.
FIG. 22 is an enlarged fragmentary front elevation view of the
spiral stairway with portions broken away to show interior parts;
and
FIG. 23 is a sectional view taken along lines 23-23 of FIG. 22.
Referring now to the drawings in FIG. 1 the scale model building 10
comprises composite structures represented as first- and
second-story rooms 11 and 12, an overhanging roof 13, a balcony 14
and a handrail 15, a straight stairway 16 and a spiral stairway 17.
The basic elements shown in FIGS. 2 through 9 are a panel referred
to generally by numeral 21, four-way connector 22, a three-way
connector 23, a two-way connector 24 and a right-angle connector
25. Suffix letters are applied to these numerals to distinguish
between the same type of elements in the composite structures shown
in FIGS. 2 through 5.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 the lower story room is formed of a flat
rectangular top panel 21A and flat rectangular side panels 21B and
21C arranged with adjacent edges held together in a spaced
relationship at right angles to each other by elongated connectors
designated by numeral 25A between panels 21A and 21B, elongated
connector 25B between panels 21B and 21C and elongated connector
25C between panels 21A and 21C. The manner of connecting a panel
member 21 to a corner of a closed, oblong-shaped room is similar so
that the illustration in FIG. 2 applies equally to all closed
corners of the rooms shown.
Each panel 21 has a beaded joint portion 26 along side edges
thereof and a beveled edge at each corner designated by numeral 27.
As is more clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 this beveled edge at the
corner of a three-dimensional structure permits the connector, such
as 25A, joining the other adjacent two panel members, to extend
over the juncture of the three panels to position essentially flush
with the third panel 21C to cover this juncture.
The overhanging roof 13 is shown to include a flat rectangular top
panel 21D and downturned rectangular panels 21E and 21F rotated to
an acute angle in relation to the top panel 21D and secured
together by elongated right-angle connectors designated by numeral
25D. The end wall represents a composite structure of several
interconnected flat panels shown as three triangular-shaped panels
21G, 21H and 21I held together by elongated two-way connectors 24A
and 24B. The rearward triangular panel 21G is connected to
downturned panel 21E by an elongated right-angle connector 25E and
the forward triangular panel 21I is connected to downturned panel
21F by elongated connector 25F. An elongated trim member 28 is
shown extending across the bottom joint portions of the three
triangular panels to connect them together and to align them in an
essentially common plane. Each triangular shape panel is shown to
have a ball-shaped bead 29 at the apex. This corner may also be of
the beveled type as are the rectangular panels shown in FIG. 2. The
connectors that are generally coextensive with the associated
beaded portions are cut on the ends to accommodate a particular
geometric configuration of the composite structure and yet
essentially close the sides thereof.
Referring to FIG. 6, the details of the joint portions will now be
described. The connector includes a central body 31 having a hollow
portion 32 extending throughout its length to save material and
reduce the weight. The socket joint portion has arcuate, flexible
side extensions 33 and 34 which extend outwardly of and beyond the
central body 31 and turn inwardly at the ends to extend a
semicircular section of the beaded portion and define a restricted
entrance or slot 35 communicating with an open generally circular
socket area therebetween. The arrangement shown has each side
extension projecting beyond the semicircular section of the beaded
portion, designated A, and, as shown, is approximately 24.degree..
Preferably the connectors are composed of a resilient material and
are preferably extruded from a thermoplastic material or may be
composed of a molded rubber or rubberlike substance. If they are
molded from a flexible plastic or rubber material, the extensions
from the body increase in flexibility toward the entrance and are
sufficiently pliable at the entrance to permit forcible, but
removable, lateral insertion of the beaded portion through the
entrance into the socket. The panel 21 is a generally thin flat
member with flat outer faces 36 and 37 having enlarged beaded joint
portions 26 along each outer peripheral edge. The thinness of the
panel inwardly of the beaded portion increases the degree of
rotation between elements so that the extent of rotation of the
thin panel with respect to the connector is in excess of
90.degree.. The contact surfaces of the socket portion and the
beaded portion are correspondingly shaped and generally circular in
cross section and concentrically arranged with frictional
engagement throughout the circumferential extent of the socket
portion. The socket joint portion is of a lesser cross-sectional
dimension than the beaded portion and will thereby grip or
frictionally engage the beaded portion throughout the
circumferential extent of the socket portion. This arrangement
holds the members at a particular angularly disposed relationship
and may be forcibly rotated one relative to the other. In addition
the ends of the extruded connector are open so that the beaded
portion may be forcibly slid out of either end of the socket
portion if desired.
Referring now to the four basic connectors illustrated in FIGS. 6
to 9, the four-way connector has four identical socket joint
portions arranged in an angularly spaced relation on a central body
31; each being disposed at an angle of 90.degree. to an adjacent
one and each extending in length in a parallel relation to one
another. The length of these socket portions will vary according to
the particular structure being formed and may have beveled ends as
is apparent from FIGS. 2 and 4. The three-way connector 23 has the
same angular spacing for the socket portions as connector 22 with
one being removed and the body being rounded for a smooth contour.
The two-way connector 24 has two oppositely disposed socket
portions similar to that of connector 22 with two rounded sides.
The right-angle connector 25 is essentially half of the connector
22, and the panels 21 inserted therein are arranged at an
intermediate angular relation but it is apparent that these panels
may be rotated form a position where they are parallel to one
another or where they are in an end-to-end relation to one
another.
The above-described elements have certain dimensional relationships
which permit them to conform to a selected scale and provide
complete harmony between the elements which make the present
invention particularly suitable for scale model buildings and the
like.
At the outset a basic unit of length or scale is selected which
will herein be referred to as L. In considering the assembly of a
composite structure to a particular size or dimension the first
reference is to the width of the extrusion as measured at its
innermost point between oppositely disposed socket portions and
designated X in FIG. 6. Then X/2 is the distance from the midpoint
M of the extrusion to the innermost point of the socket portions.
When two panels 21 are inserted into the opposite socket portions
as shown their innermost edges will be a distance of X apart. The
length of a panel for a structure of a particular length L as
measured from the midpoint of one extrusion to the midpoint of the
next extrusion will be L-X. If two panels of an equal length are to
fit in place of one, the length of this panel would be L/2 - X and
the connector on each side makes the total length L/2. In this
manner whatever fraction or multiple of L of a panel is to be the
length of the panel will be the structural length as related to L
minus the width of the extrusion, as for example L/4 - X or 2L - X.
This dimensional relationship may be applied to two- and
three-dimensional structures shown in the model building of FIG. 1.
In practice the dimensional outline for any shape may be made and
then the actual panels are formed from the outlines by drawing
lines parallel to the dimensional lines but toward the inside of
the figure at a perpendicular distance of X/2. For square and
rectangular shapes the lengths and widths are reduced by a distance
equal to the connector width X. For triangles, polygons and such
the determination of panel size must be made from calculations
based on trigonometric relationships. For circular shapes or
curves, the panel size is determined by a normal to each point on
the curve and decreasing or increasing the radius of curvature at
that point by X/2. For concave curves, the radius must be increased
and for convex curves it must be decreased.
In the model building shown the elements may be easily connected
together and disassembled to build a variety of sizes and shapes
and portions may easily be lifted off for interior inspection.
Another form of extruded connector is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11
wherein the central body portion 41 tapers inwardly from each
socket joint portion 42 to a common midpoint M to provide a hinging
movement between the joint portions. A preferred material for this
hinge is a polypropylene. The two-way socket joint portion of FIG.
10 is in the same position as that of FIG. 8 as would be a four-way
socket of this type so that the dimensional relationships
above-described are also applicable to these forms. The three-way
socket joint portion of FIG. 11 has the socket joint portions 42
angularly spaced at 120.degree. intervals from one another. This
construction is particularly useful when the end portion panels are
joined at other than right angles to one another because the
hinged-type resilient connection permits a degree of flexibility to
allow for other angular arrangements.
FIGS. 12 through 16 show a reversal of the joint portions between
the panel and connector elements. FIGS. 12 and 13 show a pair of
panel members 43 and 44 connected together by a male connector. The
panels shown are flat and of a square shape and have socket
portions extending along each side edge. The two-way connector 40
shown has two beaded portions 45 and 46 held together by a central
body 47 which snaps or slides into adjacent socket portions of the
panels and holds them in the manner shown. The relationship of the
beaded and socket joint portions of this arrangement are similar to
that described above so that there is a firm clamping engagement
and may be forced rotational and slidable movement between
elements.
FIG. 14 shows a four-way connector 48 of the type suitable for use
with panels 43 and 44 including a central body portion having four
beaded portions on a central body 51 arranged at 90.degree.
intervals. A three-way connector 52 and a right-angle connector 53
similar to that of connector 48 is also shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 show a four-way male connector 54, a three-way
male connector 55 and a two-way connector 56, respectively, having
the beaded portions 57 in an angularly spaced relation on a
hinge-type central body portion which tapers inwardly from each
beaded portion to the midpoint M and joint at the midpoint between
the beaded portions in a manner above-described with reference to
FIGS. 10 and 11.
Referring now to FIGS. 20 to 23, the stairway structures 16 and 17
of the model building are each shown in more detail and each
include a plurality of stair tread elements. These stair tread
elements are in the form of a flat rectangular panel 61 having a
recessed portion 62 on each face. A pair of identical, generally
spherical beaded portions 63 are arranged on the panel in an
opposing relation on opposite ends adjacent one side and a pair of
identical socket joint portions 65 are arranged in opposing
relation on opposite ends adjacent the other side. These socket
portions are disposed in a transverse relation to the edge of the
panel as distinguished from the parallel relation of the elements
previously described.
The straight stairway structure 16 is shown as supported from a
composite room structure 67 which has a pair of three-way female
connectors 23A at adjacent corners. The construction of the stairs
is the same so that a description of one side applies to both. An
outwardly projecting socket portion 68 of connector 23A holds a
beaded portion 69 of a triangular-shaped panel 21J in an upright
position. The upper inclined beaded portion 71 of the panel 21J has
one socket portion 72 of angle connector 25D fitted thereon. The
other socket portion 73 receives and holds the beaded portion 63 to
support the stair tread in a generally horizontal manner. In this
manner a number of tread elements may be disposed along the socket
portion 73. Each of the socket portions 65 on the tread element of
FIGS. 20 and 21 have a rod 74 supported in an upright manner
thereon.
The spiral stairway structure 17 has an upright rod 75 secured to
the building having one of the socket portions 65 fitted thereon to
hold the tread element 61 in a horizontal position. These tread
elements are rotated on the rod at different angles to form the
spiral staircase as shown. Again a short length of rod 74 is
disposed in the socket portions 65.
As shown in FIG. 1, the handrail structure 15 is supported at one
end on an upright rod 75. Another connector element 77 has a socket
portion 77a fitted on the rod and another socket portion 77b at
right angles to socket portion 77a holding a horizontal rod 78
which forms the handrail. This socket portion of connector 77 is
generally of the same shape as the previously described socket
portions only they extend at right angles to one another rather
than parallel. As noted in FIGS. 1 and 22, a pair of connectors 77
holds the other handrail rod 78 in a horizontal position of the
building.
Although the present invention has been described with a certain
degree of particularlity, it is understood that the present
disclosure has been made only by way of example and that changes in
details of structure and system components may be made without
departing from the spirit thereof.
* * * * *