U.S. patent number 3,596,929 [Application Number 04/799,045] was granted by the patent office on 1971-08-03 for book formed of plastic strips and studs.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Abildgaard Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to William H. Abildgaard, Charles T. Groswith, III.
United States Patent |
3,596,929 |
Abildgaard , et al. |
August 3, 1971 |
BOOK FORMED OF PLASTIC STRIPS AND STUDS
Abstract
A first strip having longitudinally spaced, upstanding studs and
a second strip having holes corresponding in spacing to, and of a
size slightly smaller than, the studs are used to bind sheets
apertured adjacent one margin to receive the studs. Apparatus
provides a support for the first strip with the studs fitting
through the holes in the sheets. A retractable member which
receives the second strip is slidable toward the first strip and
compresses the sheets against the first strip. Shear means in the
retractable member sever the excess length of the studs projecting
through the holes in the second strip. The studs are then
frictionally held by the second strip. Means is provided for more
permanently holding the strips in position, as by deforming the
ends of the studs. The product is a temporary or permanent binding
for paper sheets apertured adjacent one margin having a first strip
on one edge carrying studs projecting received in undersized holes
in a second strip. The studs are cut off to length and temporarily
held in the second strip by friction or by more permanent means
involving deformation of the severed ends of the studs.
Inventors: |
Abildgaard; William H. (Los
Altos Hills, CA), Groswith, III; Charles T. (Palo Alto,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Abildgaard Laboratories, Inc.
(Mountain View, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25174904 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/799,045 |
Filed: |
February 13, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
281/21.1; 412/43;
402/80P |
Current CPC
Class: |
B42D
1/02 (20130101); B42B 5/00 (20130101); B42B
5/08 (20130101); B42B 5/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B42B
5/08 (20060101); B42B 5/10 (20060101); B42D
1/02 (20060101); B42D 1/00 (20060101); B42B
5/00 (20060101); B42d 001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;281/21--28,37.5,15
;29/243,53 ;85/37--40,1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Charles; Lawrence
Claims
What we claim is:
1. In combination, a first self-supporting strip having a plurality
of studs projecting from one surface thereof, said studs spaced
apart in increments, and a second self-supporting strip
substantially the same length and width as said first strip formed
with apertures spaced apart the same increments as said studs, said
apertures dimensioned to receive said studs when said studs are
inserted through said apertures, each said strip being formed of
extended width and length to comprise a book cover, said strips
being totally disconnected from each other except by said studs,
said studs formed at their outer ends with heads larger than said
apertures to permanently secure said studs to said second
strip.
2. A bound book comprising a plurality of sheets each formed with a
plurality of spaced apertures adjacent one margin, a first plastic
self-supporting, strip underlying one margin on one side of said
book and covering said apertures and extending substantially the
entire length of said book, a second plastic self-supporting strip
overlying one margin of the side of said book opposite said first
strip and of a length substantially equal to said first strip; said
strips initially being freely movable toward and away from each
other to accommodate a wide range of thicknesses of books, a
plurality of studs fixed to said first strip and initially of a
length greater than the greatest thickness of said range of
thicknesses of books, said studs extending entirely through the
apertures in said sheets and the apertures in said second strip,
said studs sheared close to the surface of said second strip
opposite from said sheets and formed with heads larger than said
apertures and permanently secured to said second strip, said strips
being totally disconnected from each other except by said
studs.
3. A book according to claim 2 in which said first strip comprises
a first cover and said second strip a second cover for said sheets,
said covers dimensioned at least as large as said sheets.
4. A book according to claim 2 which further comprises an edge
binding overlapping and adhering to both said strips and the
sheared ends of said studs and extending around and covering the
edges of said sheets adjacent said one margin.
5. A book according to claim 2 in which the sheared ends of said
studs are distorted to cause said studs to adhere to said second
strip.
6. A book according to claim 5 in which said studs ends are melted
by heat to enlarge the size of said ends.
7. A book according to claim 5 in which said stud ends are swaged
to enlarge the size of said ends.
8. A book according to claim 5 in which said stud ends are spun to
enlarge the size of said ends.
9. A book according to claim 5 in which the apertures of said
second strip are each formed with a countersink on the side of said
second strip opposite said sheets and said ends are distorted to
fill the countersinks.
Description
This invention relates to a new and improved apparatus for binding
apertured sheets and to the product produced by such apparatus.
Basically, the present invention provides an office-type
combination press and shear which is used to assemble apertured
loose or previously bound sheets and to bind them together. The
apparatus uses two strips, one having spaced studs which project
through the apertures in the sheets and the other strip being
apertured to receive the studs. The two strips are pressed together
with the pages to be bound interposed and with the studs fitting
through the holes in the pages. The excess lengths of the studs are
sheared off. The holes in the second strip are sufficiently
undersized to frictionally hold the assembled product together at
least temporarily. However, as hereinafter explained, a variety of
different ways may be used to more permanently secure the product
in assembled condition.
One of the features of the invention is the fact that it accepts a
variety of different types of pages. One such type is a stack of
ordinary paper which has been punched or drilled adjacent one of
its margins. A second type paper is looseleaf, previously punched
paper. In addition, it is sometimes desirable to rebind books or to
bind assembled pluralities of books, pamphlets, catalogs and the
like. For this operation, the material is punched or drilled
adjacent one margin thereof. The versatility of the apparatus as
far as the variety of material accepted is one of the principal
features of the invention.
Another feature of the invention is the fact that a considerable
range in the thickness of the pages is accommodated. The studs of
one of the strips heretofore mentioned are of extended length to
fit a relatively thick book. The apparatus shears off the excess
lengths of the studs where less than the maximum length is
required. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the bond is relatively
independent of the thickness of papers involved. In addition, the
apparatus will accept a variety of sizes of the sheets within
limits.
A further feature of the apparatus is the fact that the sheets are
tightly pressed together and then locked in place in compressed
condition.
Still another feature of the invention is the fact that the strips
are first frictionally locked together by the apparatus. If
desired, various means may be used to more permanently secure the
product in assembled condition. Among such means are various ways
of deforming the severed ends of the studs as by swagging, cold
forming, hot forming or the like. The strips may be covered by a
booklet cover or by a binding strip which conceals the ends of the
studs.
One of the features of the invention is the fact that it is easily
operated by relatively untrained personnel. Little physical effort
is required to operate the machine and the operation is rapid.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the apparatus which is the
subject of this invention, partly broken away in section to reveal
internal construction.
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along the
line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top plan partly broken away in section to reveal
internal construction.
FIGS. 4 to 7, inclusive, are fragmentary, enlarged schematic
sectional views showing means for permanently binding the product
together.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic sequential steps in the compressing and
shearing methods performed by the apparatus.
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of one of the strips used in
forming the product.
FIG. 11 is a top plan thereof.
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of another of the strips so
used.
FIG. 13 is a top plan thereof.
FIG. 14 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the
line 14-14 of FIG. 10.
FIG. 15 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the
line 15-15 of FIG. 12.
FIG. 16 is an exploded side elevational view of a modified
structure, similar to FIGS. 10 and 12.
The apparatus hereinafter described is used to bind together either
temporarily or permanently sheets of paper or the like which are
designated in the accompanying drawings generally by reference
numeral 21. Each sheet is formed with a series of spaced holes 22
along one margin thereof, the spacing between the holes
corresponding to the spacing of the studs 23 of first strip 24,
hereinafter described. The holes 22 may be made by means of a paper
punch. Occasionally, it is desirable to cover a book such as a
paperbound book. Where the thickness of the book makes punching
unsatisfactory, holes 22 may be drilled. The dimensions of the
pages 21 which are accepted by the apparatus hereinafter described
are subject to considerable variation, the apparatus being made
large enough to accommodate a range of sizes although a length of
page of 11 inches is standard. The thickness of the sheets which
are to be bound is likewise subject to variation between a very few
sheets and a thickness of sheets which is within the limits of the
length of the studs 23 of the strip 24. Used in conjunction with
strip 24 is a second strip 26 having a series of holes 27 formed
therein which correspond in spacing to the distance between studs
23. The diameter of the holes 27 is preferably slightly less than
the diameter of the studs 23 so that when the product is assembled,
the parts will be held in frictional engagement against reasonable
stress. As hereinafter appears, in some of the more permanent means
of bonding the strips 24, 26 together, a counter sink 28 may be
formed in one surface of strip 26 at each hole 27.
The length of strips 24 -inch subject to variation, but where 11
-inch pages are being bound, the overall length is preferably 11
inches, although an overlap may be provided where a cover larger
than the pages is used. The strips are preferably molded or
otherwise formed of a plastic material. One suitable material is a
rigid polyvinyl chloride which is thermoplastic. Polystyrene is
also suitable for such strips. In permanent bonding, it is
desirable, as hereinafter appears, to distort the ends of the studs
23 after they have been sheared off by heat either by direct
application of a hot iron or by spinning. Further, it is sometimes
possible to distort the end of the stud by cold forming as by
swagging. The plastic elected should be suitable for such purposes.
To facilitate locating strips 24, 26 in the apparatus, as
hereinafter explained, depressions 25 are formed in the undersides
of said strips at fixed locations.
The apparatus used is preferably suitable for installation on an
office desk and hence is relatively small and compact. A horizontal
table 31 is provided having depending sides 32 and a front 33. The
top inner edge of the table 31 is provided with a transverse ledge
37 dimensioned to receive strip 24 with studs 23 extending upward.
Pins 35 fit into depressions 25 in strip 24 to locate same
longitudinally. At the back end of table 31 are side pieces 34
which project above the table 31 and have inward turned marginal
flanges 36. Extending between sides 34 below the level of table 31
are horizontal transverse shafts 41, 42 and forward of shafts 41,
42 is transverse shaft 43. At either end of shafts 41, 42 are
matching spur gears 44, 46 respectively. At its center, shaft 42
carries sprocket 47 and shaft 43 carries sprocket 48. Sprockets 47,
48 are interconnected by chain 49. Outside the right-hand side 32
is handle 51 on shaft 43. When handle 51 is pulled forwardly, gears
44, 46 are caused to revolve. On either side of the machine
reciprocating vertically within members 34 are front and rear racks
52, 53 respectively, which mesh with gears 44, 46, and are
interconnected by vertical plates 50 formed with elongated vertical
slots 55 through which shafts 41, 42 extend. Hence, when handle 51
is moved, the turning of gears 44, 46 causes the racks 52, 53 to
reciprocate vertically in unison.
Press block assembly 56 is pivoted by means of horizontal
transverse shaft 57 to the rear racks 53. Press block 56 in its
operative position is shown in full line in FIG. 2. When the handle
51 is turned so that the racks 52, 53 are fully elevated, the shaft
57 assumes the position indicated by reference numeral 57a in FIG.
2. When thus located, the handle 58 attached to upstanding flange
60 on the front of assembly 56 is pushed rearwardly to the dotted
line position shown by reference numeral 58b, at which position the
assembly 56 is fully retracted. In fully retracted position, ledge
37 is exposed for installation of strip 24 and the pages 21 are
installed in position over the studs 23 or such installation may be
previously performed and the pages and strip 24 installed as shown
in FIG. 2.
Assembly 56 has a lower part 61 and an upper part 62 separated by
openings within which reciprocate shearing blades 63. Part 61
terminates immediately inside ledge 37 in the operative position of
the device to provide a recess 65 for strip 26 between the inner
edge of plate 61 and a lip 64 projecting down from the forward edge
of plate 62. Pins 59 fit into depressions 25 in strip 26 to locate
same accurately in position relative to strip 24. Holes 66 are
formed in plate 62 in alignment with studs 23.
Forward rack 52 carries a pin 70 upon which ledge 64 rests in the
operative position of press block assembly 56. Rack 52 also carries
a horizontally reciprocating detent 68 which engages the top of
flange 67 in the operative position. The outer end 69 of detent 68
is bevelled and is biased outwardly by a spring (not shown). In the
upper position of the press block assembly indicated by reference
numeral 56a in FIG. 2, the detent 68 is projected outwardly so that
its end 69a overhangs the upper edge of member 34 and its inner end
clears flange 67. Hence, the assembly 56 can be pivoted
counterclockwise as indicated in FIG. 2 by reference numeral 56b to
fully retracted position. When the assembly 56a is pivoted
clockwise from the position 56b to the position 56a and is
depressed, the end 69 engages the upper edge of side piece 34 and
is pressed inwardly. Thereupon the detent 68 engages the top of lip
67, locking the assembly 56 for movement with the racks 52, 53.
The handle 51 is turned clockwise as viewed in FIG. 2 until the
assembly 56 is lowered so that the tops of the studs 23 enter the
holes 27 of strips 26 and the movement is continued until the paper
21 is compressed between table 31 and lip 64. Shaft 57 carries a
plurality of cams 71 which engage the ends of shearing blades 63
reciprocating between parts 61, 62 and biased by springs (not
shown) to inoperative position. Certain of the cams 71 are
connected to handle 72. When handle 72 is pulled forwardly, the
cams 71 cause the blades 63 to move inwardly and to shear off the
ends of studs 23 above the level of strip 26.
The sequence of operation of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1--3 is
as follows: The press block assembly is in open position as
indicated by reference numeral 56b in FIG. 2. Strip 26 is inserted
in recess 65. Strip 24 is installed on ledge 37 with studs 23
uppermost. The paper 21 is inserted over the studs 23, it being
understood that this operation may be performed before the strip 24
is installed. The assembly 56b is pulled forward to the position
indicated by reference numeral 56a by grasping the handle 58.
Thereupon the ends 69 of detent 68 are pushed inwardly as the press
block assembly and racks 52, 53 move downward so that the detent 68
engage the tops of lip 67, locking the assembly 56 for movement
with the racks 52, 53. Handle 51 is pulled in a clockwise
direction, causing the assembly 56 to be lowered so that the upper
ends of studs 23 enter the holes 27 and then penetrate the holes
66. This movement is continued until the paper is compressed,
between table 31 and lip 64. In other words, the studs 23 extend as
far as possible through the holes 27 in strip 26, commensurate with
the thickness of pages being bound. Thereupon, the shear handle 72
is pulled forwardly, cams 71 causing the blades 63 to shear off the
ends of studs 23 above strip 26 (see FIG. 9). Handle 72 then
returns to initial position. Handle 51 is also returned to initial
position, causing the press block 56 to rise to upper position
where it is then opened by pivoting backward so that the bound
pages can be removed.
The foregoing operation causes frictional engagement of strip 26
with the studs 23 of strip 24. For some purposes, the frictional
engagement of studs 23 with strip 26 is satisfactory. One means of
more permanent attachment is shown in FIG. 4. A longitudinally
extending strip 76 of flexible material covers the exposed edges of
sheets 21 adjacent holes 22. The edges 77 at top and bottom are
bent at right angles over the exposed surfaces of strips 24, 26.
Various means may be used to bond the edges 77 to strips 24, 26 as
by various adhesives, such as glue 78.
FIG. 6 shows a means for cold forming the ends of studs 23. An
attachment indicated generally by reference numeral 81 is connected
to press block assembly 56 (see FIG. 2), attachment 81 carrying a
plurality of reciprocating punches 82 corresponding in spacing and
number to the studs 23. The outer ends of punches 82 have conical
points 83 which penetrate the sheared ends of studs 23 and deform
them outwardly. Particularly where holes 27 are formed with counter
sinks 28, such outward deformation locks the sheared ends of studs
23 to strip 26 in permanent fashion. The details of construction of
attachment 81 will readily occur to one skilled in this art.
Reciprocation of punches 82 may be manually or automatically
accomplished by means forming no part of the present invention, the
operation being performed after the shear blades 63 have returned
to inoperative position.
FIG. 5 shows an attachment 81a which carries reciprocating hot
"Teflon" coated spot welding elements 86 which are heated to about
the melting temperature of studs 23. Contact of such elements 86
with the upstanding ends of studs 23 causes deformation,
particularly where the ends of studs 23 have been sheared off a
spaced distance above the top of strip 26. Here again, it is
preferable that counter sinks 28 be formed in the top surface of
strip 26.
FIG. 7 shows an attachment 81b which carries a plurality of
spinning elements 91. The spinning of elements 91 causes
deformation of the ends of studs 23 particularly when the latter
have been sheared off a spaced distance above the top of strip
26.
It will be understood, of course, that strips similar to strip 76
may be applied to the product after the ends of studs 23 have been
deformed as in the manner indicated in FIGS. 5 to 7 or by other
means.
In the form of the invention shown in FIGS. 1--15, a bound book
formed comprising a plurality of sheets 21 each formed with a
plurality of spaced apertures 22 adjacent one marginal edge of each
sheet. Strips 24 having integral studs 23 or having separate studs
which have been affixed thereto fits against the outside of the
pages 21 on one surface thereof with the studs extending through
the holes 22. Strip 26 fits along the opposite surface of the book
thus formed with the studs 23 fitting through the holes 27 and held
therein by friction or by deformation of the ends of the studs.
FIG. 16 shows a front cover 96 for sheets 21 and a back cover 97.
To facilitate opening the covers, reduced thickness portions 98 may
be formed therein adjacent the margins near which holes 22 are
located. The covers 96, 97 are dimensioned at least as large as the
sheets 21 and thus resemble conventional book covers. Studs 23a
either formed integrally with cover 96 or are secured thereto in
some fashion forming no part of the present invention. Studs 23a
penetrate the holes 22 in pages 21 and also penetrate holes 27a in
cover 97. The ends of the studs 23a are sheared off and are secured
to the cover 97a in the same manner as the corresponding elements
are secured to the strip 26 in the forms of the invention shown in
FIGS. 1--15.
* * * * *