U.S. patent number 3,595,583 [Application Number 04/756,932] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-27 for training device.
Invention is credited to Jess Oppenheimer.
United States Patent |
3,595,583 |
Oppenheimer |
July 27, 1971 |
TRAINING DEVICE
Abstract
A device for practicing a swing in which an elongate shaft is
secured to extend forwardly of a person and a guy is pivotally
secured to the shaft and to a forward portion of an instrument to
be swung whereby to determine the arc of said swing. In other
embodiments, the arc is determined by guiding elements including
laterally extending supports, guy lines secured, forwardly and
rearwardly of the user, extendible lines, rigid frameworks and
combinations thereof. The disclose structure may be used in games
such as golf, baseball, tennis, bowling and the like.
Inventors: |
Oppenheimer; Jess (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
27153183 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/756,932 |
Filed: |
September 3, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/215; 473/63;
473/452; 273/DIG.21; 434/252; 473/229 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
69/36213 (20200801); A63B 69/3623 (20130101); A63B
69/36211 (20200801); A63B 69/0059 (20130101); A63B
2225/09 (20130101); A63B 21/153 (20130101); Y10S
273/21 (20130101); A63B 2071/027 (20130101); A63B
2071/024 (20130101); A63B 2225/093 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
69/36 (20060101); A63b 069/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/186,183,191,192,193,194,208,188,190,189,54,26,73 ;35/29
;40/106.35 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Marlo; George J.
Claims
I claim:
1. A practice device for use by a person in swinging an instrument,
comprising:
an instrument to be gripped by a person for swinging thereof;
an elongate shaft and means for securing one end of said shaft to a
person to extend said shaft forwardly of the person;
a guy;
means for pivotally securing said guy to a forwardly extending part
of said shaft and to said instrument at a location spaced a
substantial distance forwardly from the grip thereon whereby to
determine the arc of swing of said instrument at a predetermined
distance from said shaft.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said instrument is a golf club and
said guy is pivotally secured to the clubhead or hosel,
thereof.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein said shaft has sufficient length
to extend to a point vertically over said clubhead at address.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the angle at which said shaft is
securable to said user's chest is adjustable.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the shaft has an offset and return
therein, adjacent said one end, of such extent as to allow a user's
arm to pass thereunder during a normal swing.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein said guy is a rigid rod extending
from said shaft to said instrument.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The fields of art to which the invention pertains include the
fields of: amusement devices, as related to games of golf,
baseball, bowling tennis, and the like, and particularly body
guides and restraints therefore; simulated games; and exercising
devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A variety of popular games which superficially appear completely
unrelated have, in fact, certain aspects of motion that are quite
analogous to each other or in some cases are actually identical.
This is particularly true with regard to games utilizing an arm
swing such as golf, baseball, bowling, tennis, and the like. In
each of these games, a uniformally executed arm swing is often the
key to successful play. In tennis, such a swing is critical to the
delivery of an effective serve; in bowling, such a swing is
necessary for fine control of the ball; in baseball, a uniformly
executed swing and smooth, efficient body control are required for
both hitting and pitching; in golf, such a swing and body control
are critical to effective play.
A variety of methods have been devised for each of the foregoing
games to aid a player to obtain or develop a proper swing. In many
of such methods, efforts are made to control the path of the
players arms or hands, or the club, bat, rachet or ball by means of
some fixed or rotating device in which movements of the player are
guided or forced with respect to rigging of some form located apart
from the player. These devices have generally assumed that a
uniform swinging motion could be obtained by forcing the player to
swing his arms, hands, or instrument of play in a smooth arc
uniplanar with respect to the ground. However, swings utilized in
each of the foregoing games, because of the movement of the
player's body, are made up of constantly varying compound planes
(with respect to an exterior reference); accordingly, the foregoing
devices do not generally succeed in significantly improving the
player's swing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention represents an important advance in the art in
that it provides means for controlling a player's motions to impart
a swing made up of constantly varying compound planes and which is
an accurate representation of an effective and desirable swing.
Various controlling devices for this purpose are provided which
devices are affixed to the player so that as his body moves through
the varying planes, the suspension center of the swing moves with
him. Various ancillary devices are provided as well as devices
allowing the exercise of muscles to enhance the player's ability to
accomplish the swing. Devices are also provided that graphically
demonstrate swing mechanics as a further aid to developing a
correct swing. The invention will be particularly described with
respect to a golf swing, but the general concepts and many of the
mechanical embodiments are applicable to other athletic games, such
as baseball, bowling, tennis, and the like, which require a
uniformly smooth arm swing.
Thus, there is provided a swing device for attachment to a user
including a support member, means for securing the support member
to the user so that the support member extends from the user, and a
swing guide disposed on the support member so as to be effectively
spaced a predetermined distance from the user and cooperating with
the support member at such distance to determine an arc for the
swing. By securing the support member to the shoulders of the user,
a variety of devices can be attached thereto to aid the user in
accomplishing a more effective swing. In particular embodiments,
the guide means comprises a rigid member extending from the support
member to a predetermined point in the vicinity of the user's hand
and can be attachable thereat to the grip end portion of a golf
club shaft. The guide means rotates about the point of extension
from the support member so that the opposite end thereof defines an
arc of the swing, a pair of such rigid members can be provided in
the form of arced members, each arced member having a first end
positionable in the vicinity of the user's hands and an opposite
end disposed on the support member to be spaced a predetermined
distance from the user's shoulders. The guide members are slidable
on the support member to guide the swing in defining an arc. The
aforenoted first ends of the arc members are attachable to the grip
end portion of a golf club shaft to thereby guide the golf club in
an appropriate swing arc.
In other embodiments, the guide means includes pulley means and a
line therefor secured exteriorly of the device and extending
through the pulley means to attach to the grip end portion of the
golf club shaft at a point below the user's grip, that is, between
the grip and club head. Such a device enhances the player's ability
to cock and uncock his wrists. The line can be secured between the
user's feet, advantageously at spaced right and left side points
therebetween so as to extend to opposite-side pulleys on the
shouldered support member. Alternatively, the lines can be
positioned behind the user's feet to thereby exert a backward pull
on the user during a golf swing. Means can be advantageously
provided for taking up slack in one or more of the lines.
In still other embodiments, the support member is secured to extend
from the user's chest forwardly thereof and the guide means
includes a guy flexibly secured to the shaft at a point thereon a
predetermined distance from the user's chest. The guy is flexibly
securable to an instrument to be swung, e.g. a golf club, to space
the instrument from the shaft, the spacing and distance determining
the arc of swing of the member.
In still further embodiments, the swing guide means comprises a
line that is extendible from the shouldered support member. The arc
is determined by having the user pull a predetermined length of
line from the support member in executing his swing. Restraining
means on the line can be provided. It will be noted that in many of
the foregoing embodiments, arc-defining means are disposed on the
support member and positionable on opposite sides of the user's
shoulders. Arcs are defined having substantially equal radii from
centers separated by substantially the width of the user's
shoulders.
In other embodiments, the inclination of a shouldered support
member is maintained by providing an exterior reference means and
guide means extending thereto from the support member. The guide
means are cooperable with the exterior reference means to
substantially maintain the desired inclination throughout a swing
movement.
In further aspects of the invention, the foregoing concepts and
principles are embodied in other useful devices. Thus, an exerciser
is provided utilizing a restrained line extending from the support
member. In another device, a swing simulator is provided which
demonstrates a correct swing and which is useful for instruction or
as an amusement device. In this latter embodiment, a pair of rigid
arced members are provided having a common portion therebetween and
disposed on opposite sides of a support member which, in turn, is
disposed atop a vertical shaft. The arced members are slidable on
the support member to define arcs having substantially equal radii
from spaced centers separated by a "shoulder" distance that is
substantially less than the distance between the opposite ends of
the support member. Upon rotation of the vertical shaft, the arced
members are slidably displaced to thereby define the arcs. A
simulated golf club can be provided having the grip end portion of
its shaft pivotally attached to the common portion of the arced
members. Simulated arms can be provided extending from the support
member at "shoulder" distance from each other.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a swing device embodying various
principles of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed view of one embodiment utilized to maintain
the inclination of the user's shoulders,
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a swing device utilizing arced
members and guy lines in a particular embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 3, in
the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a swing device utilizing arced
members and guy lines in an alternative embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 6 is a side, perspective view of the embodiment depicted in
FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an alternative arc-forming device
of this invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 8-8 of FIG. 7, in
the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 9 is a closeup plan view of one portion of the device depicted
in FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 10-10 of FIG.
9;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment of this invention
utilizing an extendible line;
FIGS. 12A--12F are perspective views in use sequence of an
alternative swing device of this invention;
FIGS. 13A--13F are perspective views in use sequence of a manikin
device illustrating the operation of this invention; and
FIGS. 14A and 14B are perspective, partially cross-sectional, views
of the manikin of FIGS. 13A--13F and illustrating a swivel
mechanism therefor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, a golf swing device is illustrated in which a
pair of rigid arced members 10 and 12 are disposed on a shoulder
bar 14 secured by a harness 16 to the back of a user 18. The arced
members 10 and 12 are joined at a common portion 20 which, in turn,
is pivotally attached to the grip end portion of a golf club shaft
22 just below the point at which the user holds the golf club.
Operation of the arced members will be further detailed below with
respect to the description of FIGS. 3 and 4. The user is positioned
on a platform 24 which has an upright, adjustable (by means not
shown), column 26 extending vertically therefrom. Referring
additionally to FIG. 2, an upright rod 27 is connected to the
column 26 through a horizontal swivel joint 28 and this supports a
cantilever 29 through a vertical swivel joint 30. Another vertical
swivel joint 31 is connected to the other end of the cantilever 29,
but swivels on an axis normal to the axis of the first vertical
swivel joint 30. A relatively short rod 32 is connected to the
cantilever 29 through the end swivel 31 to swing downwardly
therefrom. The opposite end of the rod 32 is provided with a slot
33.
The shoulder bar 14 has a curved member 35 arcing rearwardly from a
central portion thereof. The curved member 35 defines an
elliptically shaped arc section and gets small in all dimensions
toward its free end. The curved member fits into the rod slot 33.
Its inner arc represents the corresponding part of a circle
rotating about a point immediately beneath the center of the back
of the user's neck. To start, the user puts the arced member 35
through the slot 33. As he rotates his shoulders to the right, the
arced member 35 rides in the slot 33, holding him in a fixed plane.
As he swings to the left, the arced member 35 rides in the slot 33
until its dimension is such that it can come free of the slot
33.
Each swivel can be rotated to a desired position and then locked in
place by wing screws 37 and nuts 39 extending through slotted
extensions 41 therefor. The horizontal swivel 28 controls the
horizontal position of the user and can be set for a closed or open
stance. The first vertical swivel 30 controls the angle of tilt of
the swing. The second vertical swivel 31 controls the flatness or
uprightness of the swing. By suitable adjustment of the three
swivels 28, 30 and 31, the user may be put into any attitude. The
cantilever 29 is seated within a pocket 43 (shown in shadow) in the
forward part of the first vertical swivel 30. It is held therein by
a screw 43 adjustable against a ramped channel 45 in the surface of
the cylindrical cantilever 29 to allow a few degrees of "play." The
swivel 30 and ramp screw 43 are set so that at address position,
the forward part of the swivel 30 is in its extreme
counterclockwise position and cannot turn any further
counterclockwise during the backswing. However, the first move of
the downswing would be to rotate the "playable" part of the swivel
a few degrees (as adjusted by the instructor) clockwise. When the
swivel 30 reaches the end of its "play" on the downswing it becomes
fixed but has shifted the plane of the downswing so that the player
strikes the ball correctly.
Referring to FIG. 3, a more detailed view of the arced swing guide
members 10 and 12 is shown along with a further embodiment
utilizing guy lines 38 and 40 as further swing aids. With respect
to the player, the left-hand arced member 10 is a curved rod, the
curve being drawn from a point 42 immediately behind theplayer's
right shoulder and with a radius of curvature substantially equal
to the distance between such point and the point of attachment 20
of the arced member 10 to the golf club shaft 22. Similarly, the
right-hand (with respect to the player) arced member 12 is a curved
rod, its curve being drawn from a point 44 directly behind the
player's left shoulder. The radius of curvature of the left-hand
arced member 12 is also substantially equal to the distance between
a point 44 behind the player's left shoulder and the point 20 of
attachment of the arced member 12 to the golf club shaft 22. Such
point of attachment 20 constitutes a common portion between the
arced members 10 and 12. The curves defined by the arced members 10
and 12 have substantially equal radii from centers separated by
substantially the width of the shoulders. It has been discovered
that by having a user wear a mechanical device that causes him to
move his arms in duplication of such curves, all of the basic
motions of a professionally smooth golf swing can be obtained.
The curves defined by the arced members 10 and 12 are parts of the
same circle, but, as noted, have centers separated by the width of
the shoulders. The radii of each circle is slightly longer than the
length of the user's arm so that the common portion 20 of the arced
members 10 and 12 is pivotally attachable to the grip end of the
golf club shaft 22 at a point just below the user's grip. In an
alternative embodiment, the shoulder bar 14 does not substantially
extend beyond the shoulders and the arced members 10 and 12 are
attachable to the arms of the user a few inches below the elbow,
e.g., by a suitable brace that can be strapped to the arm. Since
they are secured below the elbow of each of the arms would remain
straight during the appropriate part of the swing but would be
permitted to otherwise bend, but the golf club shaft 22 would be
free from restraint to be held only by the user's hands. In other
alternative embodiments, the radii for the arced members 10 and 12
can be based on a distance from the shoulder to the wrist only
which would put the common portion of the arced members at the
wrists. The common portion can be attached to a swivel plate having
means for gripping the end of the club shaft.
Referring to FIG. 4, a cross-sectional view of the connection
between the shoulder bar 14 and arced member 12 is shown. The
connection with arced member 10 is opposite, but otherwise
identical. A swivel member 46 is provided which swivels on a base
48 therefore attached to the shoulder bar 14. The swivel member 46
has an opening (shown in shadow 50) therethrough through which the
arced member 12 extends. A stop 52 secured to the arced member 12
at a point near the end thereof prevents the arced member 12 from
sliding out of the opening 50 in the swivel member 46. A pulley 54
extends from and is secured to the swivel member 46 as a guide for
one of the guy lines 40 as will be further detailed below. The
extreme tip of the arced member 12 has a cap 56 thereon of a low
friction material.
Referring back to FIG. 3, a pair of curved bearings 58 and 60 are
provided, one at each of the ends of the shoulder bar 14. Each
bearing has a base portion 62 and a curved bearing surface 64
thereon. The curved bearings 58 and 60 are positioned so that with
both arms fully extended, the arced members 10 and 12 are both free
to slide through the openings 50 in the swivel members 46; however,
if one of the golfer's arms is not extended far enough for a proper
address of the ball, then the tips of both arced members 10 and 12
will abut the edge 66 of the respective bearing to prevent a swing
movement of the arced members 10 and 12 in either direction.
At proper address, the golfer's left shoulder is higher than his
right shoulder and there is a slight bend in his right arm.
Accordingly, the left arced member will be locked with its tips
sliding against the bearing surface 64 of the left curved bearing
60 and rotating via the swivel member 46 thereat. The right arced
member 12 will be released to slide. On the downswing, as soon as
the midpoint of the swing (in relation to the shoulders, i.e., when
the hands and arm are fully extended) is reached, the left arced
member 10 will be free to slide through the opening 50 in its
swivel member 46 while the right arced member 12 will be prevented
from sliding by the bearing 58 thereat but will be free to
rotate.
A locking screw (not shown) is provided on lock swivel member 46 to
press on the arced rods so that, when desired, neither rod can
slide. This facilitates pitching and putting. The player can then
use only his wrists, or a combination of shoulder and wrist motion.
A lock screw (not shown) is also provided disposed through the club
shaft to press on the common portion 20 and thereby lock the swivel
point thereat to block out wrist motion when desired. The player
would then use only his shoulders or arms.
For greater flexibility of use, a plurality of swiveled attachment
points can be provided on the arced members 10 and 12 near the
common portion 20 so that the club shaft 22 can be attached on
either side of the junction. For example, if attachment is on the
right arced rod, the hands would be prevented from hitting downward
on iron shots, even after the junction of the two arced rods had
passed bottom and started up the other side.
Referring to both FIGS. 3 and 4, a cable system is provided wherein
guy lines 38 and 40 are threaded through the pulleys 54 on the
shoulder bar 14 and attached to the ground and to the golf club
shaft 22. The pulleys are preferably enclosed but any form of
pulley can be utilized including simple spools or even notched
rods. Both guy lines 38 and 40 are secured to the ground, or to a
base on which the player stands, between the player's feet. One of
the guy lines 38 is secured at a point of attachment 68 at the
player's right heel, extending from there to the opposite-side
pulley 54 and from there to a point of attachment 70 on the golf
club shaft 22 which is just below the point of attachment of the
common portion 20 of the arced members 10 and 12. Similarly, the
other guy line 40 is secured to the ground at a point of attachment
72 thereto at the player's left heel extending from there to the
opposite-side pulley 54, off the user's right shoulder, and from
there to the point of attachment 70 on the golf club shaft 22.
After the golfer addresses the ball, he starts his backswing with
his shoulders, arms and hands moving to the right. At a point just
below waist high, the raising right shoulder pulley 54 causes the
guy lines 40 to begin pulling his left arm upward toward the
shoulder bar 14 and, at the same time, urging a cocking of the
wrists since it is attached to the club shaft 22 below the point of
attachment 20 of the arced members 10 and 12. There has been enough
motion initiated prior to this point to cause the arms and hands
and club to continue up into the full-swing position with the
wrists cocked and the left arm as near to the shoulder bar 14 as it
can get. While the foregoing action is taking place, an opposite
effect is occurring in the left arm cable system. At the start of
the backswing, the lower left shoulder gives slack in the guy line
38 so that there is no tension on the cable system. As the top of
the backswing is approached, however, the left arm raising across
the player's chest takes up this slack so that at the top of the
backswing all of the slack is out of the left cable system. The
player is now poised with a relaxed right cable system and a taut
left cable system ready to go into his downswing. As the downswing
starts, there is an immediate pull on the left cable system via the
guy line 38, which urges the player's left arm downwardly. At the
same time, since the point of attachment 70 on the golf club shaft
22 is now higher than, or at least as high, the grip portion of the
shaft 22, it pulls on that point of attachment 70 to urge an
uncocking of the wrists. As the left shoulder raises, this pulling
action continues and the left arm swings downwardly with the wrists
uncocking. At a point somewhere below waist high, the dropping arm
and uncocking wrists equalize the tension between the two sides of
the cable system. From this point on, the left end of the shoulder
bar 14 can no longer pull on the left arm because the cable is no
longer taut around the pulley 54 thereat. This is the point
popularly known as the release, and release of tension is what
occurs; there is no more pull and the entire arm-hand-club
assembly, having been started vigorously on its downward path, is
released to continue swinging through. In effect, the shoulders
substantially stop at this point and the arms and hands keep moving
through the ball. When the arms and hands and club have swung to a
point almost to waist height on the follow through side of the
golfer, the right cable system becomes taut again and pulls the
golfer's shoulders into the follow through with the right shoulder
going downward and the left upward to execute a perfect follow
through. By controlling the path of the arms and hands through the
arced members 10 and 12 and by controlling the pull of the
shoulders through the cable system guy lines 38 and 40, the player
is forced to properly release the club.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, an arrangement similar to that of FIG.
3 is depicted except that the cable system is arranged so as to be
secured at a point behind the player, directly in line with the
base of his neck at address. Thus, a pair of guy lines 74 and 76
are provided which can be connected directly to the ground in back
of the player, or can be connected thereat to spring-loaded reels
78 and 80, respectively, which, in turn, are connected to the
ground or to a platform 82 therefor. This arrangement is useful to
correct a variety of swing defects. The pull exerted on the
player's right shoulder as he raises it on the backswing urges him
slightly to the left which keeps him from swaying to the right on
the backswing. As he starts his downswing by raising his left
shoulder, the cable system pulls against this same point, which
prevents him from swaying to the left on his downswing. In addition
to keeping him from swaying in either direction, the pulling point
urges the player backwards which properly keeps his weight back on
his heels. The exact place of attachment of the guy lines 74 and 76
depends on the particular player and can be adjusted by the golf
instructor. It can be moved more to the right if the player sways
to the left, or vice versa. In a refinement, the player's left side
reel 80 is spring-loaded to take up slack as it develops. Thus, on
the downswing, his left arm would be urged downwardly from the
right shoulder while his hands would be urged to uncock, giving the
player the correct feel of how to bunch his muscles in a correct
golf swing. The total amount of slack taken up can be controlled by
known mechanisms and means can be provided so that the instructor
can adjust the amount of slack for the particular player.
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, a simplified arc-forming device is
depicted. A shoulder bar 84 is utilized which is substantially
shorter than the shoulder bar 14 described above and is secured to
the player's shoulders by a harness 86 therefor. A shoulder brace
88 is attached to the left end of the shoulder bar 84 (for a
right-handed player) and is positioned over the player's left
shoulder. A stud 90 projects forwardly from the shoulder brace 88
and serves as a pivot point for an arc defining member 92. This
member 92 comprises an upper rigid rod 94 attached by means of a
swivel joint 96 to a lower rigid rod 98. A tubular sleeve 100 is
slidably disposed on the upper rigid rod 94 by means of a spring
102 suspended between the stud 90 and bottom of a slot 104 in the
sleeve 100. The sleeve 100 is so situated that with only slight
force against the spring 102, it can slide over the swivel joint 96
to thereby convert the upper and lower rigid rods 94 and 98 into a
single rigid arc-defining member 92. This force can be supplied by
means of extension 106 from the sleeve to a curved bearing 108.
Referring additionally to FIGS. 9 and 10, the bearing 108 is
similar to the curved bearings 58 and 60 described above with
respect to FIG. 3. It has a base portion 110 and a bearing surface
112 which bears against the upper edge of the extension 106 from
the sleeve 100. The lower end of the lower rigid rod 98 is
removably attached to a golf club shaft 22 and is pivotally secured
at 114 to a point just below its grip end.
In operation, as the player brings his left arm up to his right
shoulder, the sleeve extension 106 is forced downwardly by the cam
action of the bearing surface 112 to slide the sleeve 100 over the
swivel joint 96 and causes the arc-defining member 92 to become
rigid. This causes the player's left arm to be absolutely straight
during his backswing. On the downswing, the player's left arm is
rigid until he has again reached the address position whereupon the
spring bias moves the sleeve extension 106 upwardly against the
bearing surface 112 to free the lower rigid rod 98 from restraint.
The left arm can then bend in execution of the follow through.
Referring to FIG. 11, another embodiment of this invention is
illustrated wherein the means for guiding the swing comprises an
extendible line 116. The support member 118 is a rod secured to the
player's shoulders by means of a harness 120. A tension-adjustable
reel 122 is attachable to the support member 118 at any point along
the end 124 that extends from the player's right shoulder. The line
116, which can be of cord, rope, wire, or other such flexible
material, extends from the reel to a point 128 just below the grip
end of a golf club shaft 22. In operation, on the downswing, an
effect similar to that achieved by the arced member device of FIG.
3 is obtained with this embodiment if the player is told to pull a
certain amount of line 116 out of the reel before making contact
with the ball. In order to do this, the player will have to urge
his shoulders to stay up and to the right while urging his hips and
arms to the left. Unless he achieves an effective downswing, he
will not be able to pull out the desired amount of line 116.
By pulling the line 116 out of the tension-adjustable, e.g.
spring-loaded, reel 122, the user is utilizing one set of muscles
to pull down and to the left while using another set of muscles to
hold the reel 122 and shoulder bar 118 up and to the right. In this
regard, the device constitutes an effective exerciser to train the
muscles to readily and easily make the desired motions for a proper
downswing. The same principle can be applied to exercise the other
muscles of the body. Thus, in another embodiment hereof, an
exerciser is provided wherein a support member such as 118 is
secured to the user with a line such as 116 extendible therefrom
and restrained by m means such as the spring-loaded reel 122. The
rod 118, or similar support, can be attachable to any part of the
body and in any attitude by means of a series of snaps, hooks or
clasps distributed all over an article of clothing. In one manner
of use, the rod 118 can be attached across the hips and the arms
used to pull the cord upwardly from the reel. In another manner, a
reel can be placed on the shoulder bar 118 and another on the
user's waist so that bending and then standing up would have to be
done against the pull. In still another manner of use, a reel can
be attached to the shoulder bar and another to a bar held across
the bottom of the user'feet.
Referring to FIGS. 12A--F, another embodiment of this invention is
depicted in which a shaft 136 is secured, by a harness 138, to the
player's chest so as to extend forwardly thereof at an angle which,
when the player is assuming a proper address stance, causes the
shaft 136 to be horizontal or parallel to the ground. Adjustment
means 140 is provided to adjust the angle so that, in order to
maintain the rod horizontal, the player would have to be bent over
more for short irons and less for woods and long irons. The shaft
136 has an offset and return 142 therein to enable the player's
left arm to move up close to his chin at the top of a backswing. A
guy, which in this case is a rod 144, but which may be flexible
cord, rope, etc., is flexibly attached at 146 to a sleeve 148,
which sleeve 148 is slidable along the shaft 136 and securable at
any point thereon to lie directly over the head 150 of the
particular club being used or can extend from a point nearer the
player. The guy or vertical rod 144 is flexibly attached, at 152,
to the club head 150 or can be attached to the hosel. The flexible
couplings 146 and 152 can be a ball-socket joint or merely a
flexible piece of leather to allow great freedom of movement in any
direction. Thus, the club head can move in any axis in relation the
the horizontal shaft 136, but it must always remain the same
distance from it, i.e., the length of the vertical rod 144.
In operation, as the player begins his backswing, he starts with
his arms and hands, which can move the club head a limited amount
along an arc which moves inside and upward. This move is soon
limited by his shoulders. To continue the move, the player must
begin to move his shoulders, which starts to move the center of the
swing (the point on the horizontal shaft 136 directly above the
club head 150 at address). From this point on, the player can keep
the club head moving by rotating his shoulders on as vertical a
plane as possible (tilting). However, this move is soon limited and
to continue, the player must rotate his body on a horizontal plane
around a vertical axis which passes through a point midway between
his shoulders at the back of his neck. During this time, the club
head, 150, must remain the same distance from the horizontal shaft
136 as determined by the length of the vertical rod 144. Various
movements of the player's feet, legs, hips, cocking of wrists,
etc., all then become merely adjusting moves to allow the club head
to get back to where he wants it while he is maintaining the
position of his head in space. At the top of the backswing, the
shaft 136 which was horizontal at address is pointing almost
directly away from the target and in an upward direction. In other
words, all elements of the swing are moving in relationship through
a changing series of planes. The total effect between the club head
150, horizontal shaft 136 and vertical rod 144 is the same as
though everything were still and the club head was swinging in a
circle on a vertically directed plane around the horizontal
shaft.
On the downswing, the reverse action takes place. The player's
tilted position holds the horizontal shaft 136 back to the right so
that it doesn't reach a point directly over the ball before the
club head reaches the ball. It can readily be seen that if the
first move from the top of the backswing was to turn the shoulders
to the left, the horizontal shaft would almost immediately be over
the ball while the club head would still be over the right
shoulder. There would be no time to get the club head down to the
ball or even near it, and any effort from this point on would have
to move the club head to the outside and down, thus sending the
ball on a slicing path. The vertical rod 144 causes the club head
to make a full arc around the horizontal shaft 136 in order to get
back to the ball. Accordingly, in order to bring the club head 150
to the ball before the horizontal shaft 136 arrives thereover, the
horizontal shaft 136 must be maintained as far to the right as
possible, while the club head is carrying the vertical rod 144 down
and around it. The effect achieved is properly known as "waiting
for the club head." In order to keep the horizontal shaft 136 to
the right, the hips must turn to the left. Eventually, of course,
the body reaches a point past which it can no longer turn and tilt,
and the shoulders must then rotate to the left to stand the player
upright. The more supple a person is, the more he can delay the
time when the horizontal shaft 136 is over the ball; the longer the
horizontal shaft 136 is to the right, the more time to swing the
club head 150 in a smashing arc. Generally the most powerful swing
is one in which the club head 150 reaches the ball furthest ahead
of the shaft 136.
As noted, the vertical rod 144 is attached via a flexible coupling
146 to a sleeve 148 which can be positioned at various locations
along the horizontal shaft 136. For putting and chipping, means can
be provided to allow the vertical rod 144 to swing only in a path
90.degree. to the horizontal of the shaft 136, assuring that the
club head will make a straight back and straight forward path if
the player keeps the horizontal shaft stationary. Any movement of
the horizontal shaft 136 can be immediately seen, as it moves
against the view of the ground. Thus, a member with a very shallow
arc, but otherwise similar to the bearing 108 depicted in FIGS. 9
and 10 may be placed at 90.degree. to the horizontal shaft 136. The
top of the vertical rod 144 can then be positioned to move long
this member, giving the player an arc which keeps the club head 150
much closer to the ground than possible by just swinging the club
head around the horizontal shaft 136.
The foregoing devices embody certain principles which can be
illustrated by the manikin depicted in FIGS. 13A--F. The manikin
consists of a generally vertical column 154 extending from a base
156 therefor and is rotatable thereon. At the top of the manikin
shaft 154, a beam 158 is securely affixed thereto. A central
portion 159 of the beam 158 represents a golfer's shoulders.
Material can be draped from the shoulder portion to the midsection
of the shaft in representation of a torso, or such representation
can be accomplished by means of plastic built up on the shaft and
beam. An oval member 160 is centrally located on the beam 158 in
representation of golfer's head and is secured by a swivel joint
157 (FIG. 14A) to a support beam 159 atop a shaft 161 from the base
156. A pair of studs 162 and 164 are provided, one on each end of
the beam 158. A pair of curved members 166 and 168 are disposed on
the studs 162 and 164, respectively, by means of curved slots 170
and 172, respectively, extending from one end of each curved member
to the other end. The curved members 166 and 168 are joined in a
common portion 174 to which is pivotally attached the grip end
portion of a simulated golf club shaft 176.
The relationship of the studs 162 and 164 and curved member slots
170 and 172 is such that one or the other of the curved members can
slide past one stud while the other curved member rotates about the
other stud. The slot curves have substantially equal radii from
centers that are separated by a distance that is substantially
equal to the "shoulder" length. A pair of simulated arms 161 and
163 extend from the ends of the "shoulder" 159 to the grip end of
the golf club shaft 176 above the common portion 174 of the curved
members 166 and 168.
The curved members 166 and 168 and beam 158 are substantially
equivalent to the arced members 10 and 12 and shoulder bar 14,
respectively, of the device depicted in FIG. 3. However, whereas in
the device depicted in FIG. 3, motive power is supplied by the
player supporting the device, the motive power for the manikin is
obtained by manually or automatically twisting the shaft clockwise
which in turn lifts the right (with respect to the manikin)
shoulder stud 162. The right shoulder stud 162 pulls on the end of
the slot 170 of the right curved member 166 and by centrifugal
force, the right member 166 swings upwardly and to the right,
sliding past the right shoulder stud 162 while the left curved
member 168 rotates, via the end of slot 172, about the left
shoulder stud 164. This motion is depicted in FIGS. 13B and 13C. It
will be seen that the pivotally attached golf club 176 swings, by
centrifugal motion, into a backswing in a manner remarkably similar
to the backswing executed by a human golfer. At the top of the
backswing, the downswing is initiated by a twist of the column 154
in the opposite direction. This action causes the left shoulder
stud 164 to pull upwardly and backwardly on the end of the left
curved member slot 172. The assembly of curved members 166 and 168
thereby shifts downwardly riding on the left shoulder stud 164 as a
center. At a certain point, about "waist" high, centrifugal force
causes the right curved member 156 to slide past the right shoulder
stud 162 to complete the downswing as depicted in FIG. 13D. At the
bottom of the swing (with respect to the common portion 174, but
not with respect to the golf head), the two shoulder studs 162 and
164 are again located at the top ends of the respective curved
member slots 170 and 172. From this point on, the assembly of
curved members 166 and 168 rides on the right shoulder stud 162 as
a center and swings through with the left curved member slot 172
moving past the left shoulder stud 164 for the follow through. The
entire movement causes the club to go through a series of
constantly changing planes. With respect to the golf at impact,
when the common portion 174 of the curved members 166 and 168
reaches the bottom of the swing it continues in its changing planes
(this portion 174 is making one move in relation to the shoulder
beam 158, but the shoulder beam 158 is turning in relation to the
ground and also tilting), and this action whips the golf club 176
around and through in order to catch up with the common portion
174. It doesn't catch up with the common portion 174 until about
"waist" height in the follow through. The whipping action gives
strength to the drive and the manikin very pictorially and
effectively demonstrates this fact.
Referring now to FIGS. 14A and 14B, a refinement is illustrated by
means of which the plane of the downswing is shifted from that of
the backswing to prevent the club from coming into the ball from an
outside position. The manikin's head is supported by a universal
joint, e.g. a short length of leather 157 or a ball and socket. The
column 154 is cut into two sections 163 and 165, at 155, at an
angle on the plane of the "shoulder" beam 158, but steeper. A
central dowel 167 is secured in the lower section 165 and extends
into a pocket 171 in the upper section 163. The upper column
section 163 rotates around the central dowel 167 for a rotational
distance that is limited by an offset dowel 169. The offset dowel
169 is secured in the lower section 165 and extends into a limit
slot 173 in the upper section. At address, the column is lined up
to rotate as a unit on the backswing. The first move of the
downswing is obtained by counterclockwise rotation of the upper
column section 163 which rotates about the central dowel 167 until
limited by the offset dowel 169 and slot 173. At this point, the
entire column 154 rotates counterclockwise, but the plane of swing
has changed to the desired downswing angle.
As previously noted, the foregoing embodiments have been described
with respect to the game of golf. However, many of the principles
are equally applicable to other sports and games which require the
smooth motion of an extended arm. For example, in baseball, the
player stands much more upright, but the same principles apply. The
device depicted in the drawings can be utilized with only minor
modification involving merely repositioning the bearings 58, 60 or
108 in FIGS. 3--10 to accommodate a more horizontal swing. With
respect to the device depicted in FIG. 13, the shaft 136 is
situated quite upright going up and out from the player's chest.
However, just as in golf, the vertical rod 144 is attached to the
chest shaft 136 at a point directly above the far end of the bat
with the batter's arms fully extended. The player controls the
height of the swing by bending his body more or less and the
vertical rod 144 assures that he must extend both arms fully to get
the bat through.
In tennis, the equivalent of the shoulder bar 14, for example,
would extend vertically and be strapped to the player's chest to
guide the player's arm in making a serve. With respect to the
device depicted in FIG. 13, the equivalent of the horizontal shaft
136 would extend upward and to the right from the right shoulder of
the player. The vertical rod 144 would attach to the far end of the
racket at a point directly above the point of attachment to the
right shoulder. The player would have to extend his arm fully to
swing the racket through.
In bowling, the device is depicted in FIGS. 3--10 can be utilized
by strapping the shoulder bar 14 across the player's right shoulder
(for right-handed player) so that the shoulder bar extends from
back to front horizontally thereover, connection being made to a
suitable point on the right-hand as by a glove. With respect to the
device of FIG. 13, the shaft 136 would be disposed straight out
from the bowler's right shoulder and the vertical rod 144 would
attach to the shaft 136 at a point close to the shoulder and
directly over the right hand to a point at the knuckle on the back
of the right-hand glove.
* * * * *