U.S. patent number 3,595,239 [Application Number 04/813,543] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-27 for catheter with electrical cutting means.
Invention is credited to Roy A. Petersen.
United States Patent |
3,595,239 |
Petersen |
July 27, 1971 |
CATHETER WITH ELECTRICAL CUTTING MEANS
Abstract
A catheter with a flexible catheter tube having an eyelet or
ring at the distal end thereof. An obturator in the form of an
electrode is removably disposed within the catheter tube and has a
tip thereof projecting out of the catheter tube. The ring of the
catheter tube limits the extent of the projection of the obturator
tip from the catheter tube. A conventional electrosurgical
apparatus is connected to the obturator-electrode for producing
electrical energy to divide or cut tissue of a body so as to form a
passageway through which the catheter tube advances.
Inventors: |
Petersen; Roy A. (San Jose,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
25212685 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/813,543 |
Filed: |
April 4, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
606/45 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
25/06 (20130101); A61B 18/1492 (20130101); A61B
18/148 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
18/14 (20060101); A61M 25/06 (20060101); A61b
017/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/303.14,303.15,303.17,275.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trapp; L. W.
Claims
I claim:
1. A catheter comprising a catheter tube of electrical insulating
material with a distal end, and an electrical conductor member
disposed in said catheter tube with a tip at one end thereof
located at the distal end of said catheter tube and with means
spaced from said tip for establishing an electrical connection,
said electrical conductor member being a rod disposed axially in
said catheter tube and being removable therefrom, said tip projects
out of the distal end of said catheter tube.
2. A catheter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said catheter tube
includes an annular member disposed at the distal end of said
catheter tube for receiving said tip of said rod.
3. A catheter comprising a catheter tube of electrical insulating
material with a distal end, and an electrical conductor member
disposed in said catheter tube with a tip at one end thereof
located at the distal end of said catheter tube and with means
spaced from said tip for establishing an electrical connection,
said electrical conductor being a rod disposed axially in said
catheter tube and being removable therefrom, said tip projecting
out of the distal end of said catheter tube, said catheter tube
including an annular member disposed at the distal end of said
catheter tube for receiving said tip of said rod, said rod being
formed with a shoulder adjacent said tip for engaging said annular
member to limit the extend at which said tip projects out of the
distal end of said catheter tube.
4. A catheter as claimed in claim 3 wherein an insulating sleeve is
disposed on said rod adjacent to said shoulder and rearward
thereof.
5. A catheter as claimed in claim 4 in which said catheter tube is
formed with drainage openings at the distal end thereof.
6. A catheter as claimed in claim 5 in which said rod is an
obturator.
7. A catheter as claimed in claim 6 in which said catheter tube is
made of plastic material.
8. A catheter as claimed in claim 7 in which said tip is made of
noncorrosive, electrical-conducting material.
9. A catheter as claimed in claim 8 in which said obturator has a
body made of stainless steel wire.
10. A catheter as claimed in claim 9 in which said obturator
includes another insulating sleeve disposed adjacent said
electrical connection means and extending into said catheter tube.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to catheters, and more
particularly to a catheter in which an obturator-electrode performs
the function of producing a path for electrical energy to divide or
cut tissue of a body for forming a passageway through which a
catheter tube advances.
Catheters of the suprapubic type have, heretofore, been placed
through the abdominal wall into the urinary bladder by several
procedures. One commonly employed procedure is open surgery, in
which the abdominal wall is actually opened surgically. In this
procedure, an opening is also cut into the urinary bladder and the
catheter is sewn in place into the bladder. This procedure is
considered to be major surgery.
Another method involves the pushing of a catheter through the
abdominal wall into the urinary bladder in a manner similar to
inserting a needle in a vein. This method employs a large trocar
which is sufficiently large for a catheter tube to pass through its
lumen and into the urinary bladder.
The first procedure is not desirable, since it requires an open
operation and is considered to be major surgery. The second
procedure requires the insertion of a trocar into the tissue of a
body with the application of substantial force. This action may
cause a disruption of the urinary bladder or surrounding structure.
It may be difficult at times to pass a catheter through the
abdominal wall by this procedure when earlier surgery has been
performed and there is a firm scar tissue in the area intended to
receive the catheter.
The trocar which is urged into the bladder through this procedure
is always larger than the catheter advancing through its lumen.
This action results in a relatively large opening in the bladder
defining a relatively large space around the catheter when the
trocar is removed. As a consequence thereof, there is commonly
present a leakage of urine from the bladder through the space
around the catheter, which may cause an abscess or an infection,
and, also, may produce a tendency for excessive bleedings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The catheter of the present invention employs a removable
obturator-electrode to define an electrical path for electrical
energy to divide or cut tissue of a body for forming a passageway
through which a catheter tube advances. Through this arrangement,
the size of the passageway receiving the catheter tube is
accurately controlled and the catheter tube can be advanced into
the cut or divided tissue with a reduced application of force.
By virtue of this procedure, the passageway for the catheter tube
is formed at the smallest possible size to minimize injury to the
body and to reduce leakage of fluid around the catheter tube. As a
consequence thereof, abscesses and infections are reduced. Also,
the catheter tube can be advanced into the passageway with reduced
applied force. Thus, the catheter tube advances into the passageway
without disruptive force and the catheter tube can now be advanced
into a cavity in the tissue of a body, although a dense scar tissue
is present in the area receiving the catheter tube.
With the size of the passageway accurately controlled for receiving
the catheter tube, the tissue of the body fits snugly or tightly
around the catheter tube. As a result thereof, there is a
compression of blood vessels and a lessening of excessive
bleedings.
While electrical energy performs a dividing or cutting of the body
tissue operation, it also performs a coagulating function to seal
off bleeding vessels and to prevent excessive hemorraging. Thus,
there is a coagulation of bleeding vessels to reduce subsequent
hemorrage from the advancement of the catheter tube.
Other and further objects and features of the present invention
will appear upon further perusal of the detailed description taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the catheter of the
present invention shown with a conventional electrosurgical
apparatus and illustrated in an operative position for use with a
person.
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the catheter shown in FIG. 1
partially in section to more clearly illustrate the forward end
thereof.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of the catheter
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Illustrated in FIGS. 1--3 is the catheter 10 of the present
invention which comprises a suitable flexible tube 15 made of
rubber, plastic or the like and an obturator 20 in the form of a
rod-shaped electrical conductor or electrode.
The catheter tube 15 is formed at the distal end thereof with a
plurality of elongated, axially disposed drainage openings 16
suitable for the drainage of fluids and the like. At the distal end
of the catheter tube 15 is also located a ring or eyelet 17, which
is intended to be sufficiently rigid and strong to withstand
applied force and is made of suitable material such as stainless
steel or a high-tensile plastic.
Removably disposed within the catheter tube 15 is an obturator or
rod 20 in the form of an electrical conductor or an electrode. The
obturator 20 is basically of a metal wire-type construction,
flexible, but more rigid than the catheter tube 15. Specifically,
the obturator 20 comprises a solid cylindrical body 21. At the
distal end of the body 21, the rod 20 includes a cylindrical tip 22
that is tapered to a sharp needlelike point. The body 21 is made of
suitable material, such as stainless steel and the sharp tip 22 is
made of suitable material, such as tungsten or tungsten-coated
steel, or other suitable noncorrosive, electrically conductive
material.
A cylindrical member 23, such as a ring or a sleeve, of the rod 20
surrounds the body 21 to form a shoulder 24 at the junction with
the tip 22. Surrounding the body 21 rearward of the ring 23 is a
tubular insulator 25 made of suitable material, such as Teflon.
At the proximal end of the obturator 20 is disposed a tubular
insulator 30 made of suitable material, such as Teflon. Rearward of
the sleeve 30 is located an electrical terminal connector 35 for
the obturator 20, which may be in the form of a receptacle or a
plug for establishing an electrical connection with a conventional
and well-known electrosurgical apparatus 40, which produces high
frequency currents and is a source of high frequency electrical
energy.
The insulator 30 extends to the connector 35 and projects into the
catheter tube 15 when the obturator 20 is fully inserted in the
catheter tube 15. When the obturator 20 is fully inserted into the
catheter tube 20, the catheter tube 15 serves as an insulator for
the obturator 20 between the tip 22 thereof and the uninsulated
portion of the body 21.
When the obturator 20 is placed into the catheter tube 15, the tip
22 of the obturator 20 extends beyond the ring or the eyelet 17 of
the catheter tube 15 and the extent of the projection of the tip 22
out of the distal end of the catheter tube 15 is limited by the
engagement of the shoulder 24 of the obturator 20 against the ring
17 of the catheter tube 15. The eyelet 17 is of sufficient rigidity
and strength as to preclude excessive passage of the tip 22 out of
the distal end of the catheter tube 15 and to withstand the force
applied to the obturator 20 by an operator. The Teflon sleeve 25
serves to reduce leakage of electrical current through the ring 17
and through the drainage openings in the catheter tube 15 by
reducing arcing at the ring 17. Also, it reduces coagulation
occurring in the vicinity of the ring 17.
In the typical embodiment of the catheter 10, the length of the
obturator 20 is 18 inches and the diameter of the body 21 is
one-sixteenth of an inch. The ring 17 of the catheter tube is of
sufficient dimension to pass the maximum width of the tip 22 of the
obturator, which is one-sixteenth of an inch. The tip 22 of the
obturator 20 projects approximately one-fourth of an inch to
three-eights of an inch beyond the distal end of the catheter tube,
when the shoulder 24 engages the ring 17 of the catheter tube 15.
The shoulder 24 is brazed or welded to the body 21 or may be
integrally formed therewith. The exemplary dimension for the
shoulder 24 is three thirty-seconds of an inch in diameter. The
sleeve 25 is preferably of 1 inch to 2 inches in length and has a
thickness of one sixty-fourth of an inch.
One side of the electrical output of the electrosurgical apparatus
40 is connected to the obturator 20 through the connector 35. The
other side of the electrical output for the electrosurgical
apparatus 40 is connected to a conductor plate electrode 41 upon
which rests the body P of the patient. The electrode 41 is in
spaced relation with the tip 22 of the obturator 20.
The obturator 20 is an electrode and serves as a conductor for high
frequency currents. High frequency electrical energy between the
electrode 41 and the tip 22 of the obturator 20 cuts or divides
tissue of the body at the tip 22. This action results in the
formation of a passageway in the body tissue for the advancement of
the catheter tube 15. The catheter tube 15 is capable of advancing
in the passageway with a reduced application of force. The catheter
tube 15 follows behind the tip 22 of the obturator in advancing
into the passageway. Further, the high frequency energy at the tip
22 of the obturator 20 has a coagulating effect, as well as a
cutting effect, which seals off bleeding vessels and reduces
hemorraging.
While the present invention shows a balloon-type catheter tube, the
inventive concept hereof is equally applicable to catheter tubes of
many types and shapes, such as straight simple catheter tubes,
mushroom-type catheter tubes, and Mellecott catheter tubes.
* * * * *