U.S. patent number 3,594,523 [Application Number 04/822,909] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-20 for electric switch with bridging contact.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Skil Corporation. Invention is credited to Carl J. Frenzel.
United States Patent |
3,594,523 |
Frenzel |
July 20, 1971 |
ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH BRIDGING CONTACT
Abstract
An actuator in the form of a trigger moves a bridging contact
back and forth between bridging and nonbridging positions with
respect to a pair of fixed contacts mounted in spaced relation on a
dielectric base. A fixed abutment surface is provided adjacent one
of the fixed contacts. The bridging contact includes an abutment
surface arranged to engage the fixed abutment surface for defining
a fulcrum about which the bridging contact is rocked. The actuator
and the bridging contact include respective interengaged formations
for rocking the bridging contact about such fulcrum thereby to
swing a portion of the bridging contact into and away from
engagement with the other fixed contact.
Inventors: |
Frenzel; Carl J. (Chicago,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Skil Corporation (Chicago,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25237308 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/822,909 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/243; 200/16A;
200/16C; 200/332.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/08 (20130101); H01H 1/18 (20130101); H01H
13/64 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/64 (20060101); H01H 13/08 (20060101); H01H
13/50 (20060101); H01H 13/04 (20060101); H01H
1/12 (20060101); H01H 1/18 (20060101); H01h
013/64 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/157,16,164 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schaefer; Robert K.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; William J.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an electric switch, in combination, a dielectric base, at
least a pair of fixed contacts mounted on said base in spaced
relation, a first abutment surface fixed with respect to said base
and being adjacent one of said fixed contacts, a bridging contact
having ends defining a pair of contact faces which are spaced for
simultaneous engagement with said fixed contacts, respectively,
said bridging contact having a first formation defining a second
abutment surface which is nearer one of said contact faces than the
other of said contact faces, said bridging contact having a second
upstanding formation adjacent the end thereof defining said one
contact face, an actuator movable relative to said base to and from
an off position, means on said actuator connecting the latter with
said upstanding formation such that movement of said actuator to
its off position brings said first and second abutment surfaces
into engagement with each other thereby to define a fulcrum for
rocking said bridging contact in a first direction in a plane
perpendicular to said base about said one contact face with the
latter in engagement with said one fixed contact whereupon said
other contact face is swung away from the other of said fixed
contacts, said connecting means serving to rock said bridging
contact said plane in a second direction opposite said first
direction in response to movement of said actuator from its off
position thereby to swing said other contact face into engagement
with said other fixed contact with said one contact face in
engagement with said one fixed contact.
2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said second
formation includes an ear integral with said bridging contact and
wherein said connecting means includes a pocket in said actuator
with said ear received therein.
3. The combination according to claim 1 further defined by, spring
means engaged with said actuator for urging the same to its off
position wherein said other contact face is rocked away from said
other fixed contact, said bridging contact having another formation
adjacent said other contact face, said actuator having a formation
arranged to be engaged by said another formation on said bridging
contact only when said actuator is in its off position and thereby
acting as a stop for limiting movement of said actuator under the
influence of said spring means.
4. The combination according to claim 2 further defined by, spring
means interposed between said actuator and said bridging contact
for urging said other contact face into engagement with said other
fixed contact.
5. In an electric switch including a dielectric base, at least a
pair of fixed contacts mounted on said base in spaced relation, a
bridging contact having ends defining contact faces spaced for
simultaneous engagement with said fixed contacts, respectively, an
actuator slidably movable relative to said base to and from an off
position, the improvement for rocking said bridging contact about
one of said contact faces when such face is in engagement with one
of said fixed contacts thereby to raise and lower the other of said
contact faces away from and into engagement, respectively, with the
other of said fixed contacts comprising, a fixed abutment surface
adjacent said one fixed contact, said bridging contact having an
abutment surface spaced nearer said one contact face than said
other contact face, said bridging contact having an upstanding
formation, means on said actuator and engaged with said upstanding
formation thereby defining a pivotal connection between said
bridging contact and said actuator such that sliding movement of
the latter imparts corresponding sliding movement to the former and
permits rocking movement of said bridging contact in its own plane
which is perpendicular to said base, movement of said actuator to
its off position serving to bring said first and second abutment
surfaces into engagement with each other thereby to define a
fulcrum for rocking said bridging contact in said plane in a first
direction about said one contact face with the latter in engagement
with said one fixed contact whereupon said other contact face is
swung away from the other of said fixed contacts, movement of said
actuator away from its off position serving to rock said bridging
contact in said plane in a second direction opposite said first
direction whereupon said other contact face is swung into
engagement with said other fixed contact with said one contact face
in engagement with said one fixed contact.
6. The improvement according to claim 5 wherein said second
formation includes an ear integral with said bridging contact and
wherein said pivotal connection means includes a pocket with said
ear received therein.
7. The improvement according to claim 5 further defined by, spring
means engaged with said actuator for urging the same to its off
position wherein said other contact face is rocked away from said
other fixed contact, said bridging contact having another formation
adjacent said other contact face, said actuator having a formation
arranged to be engaged by said another formation on said bridging
contact only when said actuator is in its off position and thereby
acting as a stop for limiting movement of said actuator under the
influence of said spring means.
8. The improvement according to claim 6 further defined by, spring
means interposed between said actuator and said bridging contact
for urging said other contact face into engagement with said other
fixed contact.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has to do with improvements in electric
switches of the type e.g., as shown in Matthews U.S. Pat. No. Re.
26,267, wherein a bridging contact is slid between bridging and
nonbridging positions with respect to a pair of fixed contacts
mounted in spaced relation on a dielectric base. The bridging
contact includes a pair of spaced contact faces arranged for
simultaneous engagement with respective fixed contacts thereby to
define the bridging position of the bridging contact. One of these
contact faces may slide along the associated fixed contact and
remain in engagement with the same at all times. When the other of
these contact faces engages the other fixed contact, the switch is
closed for closing the associated circuit and energizing a load
device, such as an electric motor. It is desirable that this other
contact face be maintained in substantial spaced relation from the
other fixed contact to define the open or "off" position of the
switch. When it is desired to close the switch and circuit, it is
desirable that such other contact face be brought into engagement
with the other fixed contact in a quick and positive manner. This
same quick and positive action is also desirable upon opening of
the switch.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
A primary object of the present invention is the provision of an
electric switch including a bridging contact movable with respect
to a pair of fixed contacts, wherein one end of the bridging
contact is moved into and out of engagement with one of the fixed
contacts in a fast and highly effective manner.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a
switch of the type described wherein the bridging contact includes
a pair of spaced contact faces and wherein means are provided for
rocking such bridging contact about one of its contact faces
thereby to move the other contact face into and out of engagement
with an associated fixed contact.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a
switch according to the foregoing object wherein a fixed abutment
surface engages an abutment surface on the bridging contact thereby
to define a fulcrum for rocking the bridging contact
thereabout.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a
switch of the type described wherein the bridging contact
cooperates with the fixed abutment surface and with formations on
the actuator to define a positive stop for the latter.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the following specification disclosing a preferred
embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partial side elevation and partial section of an
electric switch embodying the present invention, the switch being
shown "off" position;
FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic showing a circuit for utilizing
the switch shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial side elevation and partial section similar to
FIG. 1 and showing the switch in the "on" position; and
FIG. 4 is a partial side elevation and partial section similar to
FIG. 3 and showing the switch in a "bypass" position.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
For purposes of illustration, the present invention is shown
embodied in a trigger actuated speed control switch for a power
device, such as a hand-operated electric drill. The switch device
includes a casing or housing 10 having an upper portion defining a
slideway or tunnel 11 slidably receiving the stem 12 of a trigger
14. The casing has a backwall 15 in abutting engagement with one
end of a coil spring 16. The other end of this spring is in
abutting engagement with a surface 18 on the stem 12. The spring 16
acts to urge the trigger 14 to its outward or extended position,
i.e., to the right as viewed in FIG. 1.
The casing 10 mounts a dielectric base 20 supporting an elongated
contact strip 21. This base also supports a pair of contact buttons
22, 23 in longitudinal alignment with the contact strip 21.
The stem 12 includes a cavity receiving a bridging contact 25. This
bridging contact has a pair of spaced contact faces 26, 27. The
bridging contact also has an upstanding formation in the nature of
an ear 28; this ear is received within a pocket or cavity 30 formed
in the stem 12. The pocket is somewhat larger than the ear thereby
permitting the latter to rock in the former for defining a pivotal
connection between the bridging contact and the trigger. A coil
spring 31 has one end thereof received within a blind bore in the
stem 12; the other end of this spring engages the bridging contact
for urging the same downwardly in the position shown in FIGS. 3 and
4.
The bridging contact 25 has an abutment surface 32 arranged for
abutting engagement with a fixed abutment surface 34 which is
constituted by a portion of the front wall of the casing 10. The
bridging contact includes another formation or abutment surface 34a
which is arranged to abut a surface 35 formed in the cavity in the
stem 12 of the trigger 14.
The spring 16 urges the trigger 14 to the right, i.e., to the
extended position shown in FIG. 1. Movement of the trigger in this
direction is stopped by reason of engagement of the bridging
contact surface 34a with the trigger surface 35, by engagement of
the ear 28 with the pocket 30, and by engagement of the abutment
surfaces 32, 34. At this time, it should be pointed out that the
engagement between the surfaces 32, 34 defines a fulcrum for
rocking or pivoting movement of the bridging contact 25. As just
explained, it is understood the bridging contact serves to define a
stop for limiting outward movement of the trigger 14.
When the trigger is in the fully extended position, it is noted
that the contact face 26 is in engagement with the contact strip
21. However, when the trigger is in this position, the contact face
27 is in substantial spaced relation with the contact button 22.
This arrangement of the various parts defines the open or "off"
position of the switch.
As the trigger is squeezed or depressed, by reason of the
engagement of the pocket 30 with the ear 28, the bridging contact
25 will be rocked or swung about the fulcrum point just described,
bringing the contact face 27 into engagement with the contact
button 22; this establishes the closed or "on" position of the
switch. The contact face 27 will be brought into engagement with
the contact button 22 in a rapid and positive manner. In this
respect, it will be noted that the contact face 27 is at a much
greater distance from the fulcrum point than the ear 28. FIG. 3
illustrates the condition of the parts when the switch is in the
"on" position. The spring 31 aids in maintaining the contact faces
of the bridging contact in engagement with respective contacts 21,
22.
As the trigger 14 is continued to be depressed, the bridging
contact 25 slides along the fixed contacts 21, 22 until the contact
face 27 passes from the contact button 22 and comes into engagement
with the contact button 23. This arrangement of the parts is
illustrated in FIG. 4. In this position, the trigger is fully
depressed or squeezed to establish a "bypass" position as will be
explained hereinbelow.
The switch which incorporates the present invention may be used in
association with the speed control circuit shown and claimed in
Gawron U.S. Pat. No. 3,209,228; this circuit is shown in FIG. 2
herein. One line 40 of conventional house or line alternating
current is connected to a terminal 41. The contact 22 is connected
to the cathode of a silicon controlled rectifier or other
controllable semiconductor 42. The anode of the silicon controlled
rectifier 42 is connected to a terminal 43; this terminal is
connected to one terminal of a series wound motor 44. The other
terminal of this motor is connected to the other line 45 of the
alternating current power source. A capacitor 46, a fixed resistor
47 and a variable resistor 48 are connected in series between the
contact 22 and terminal 43. A diode 50 is connected in a line
between the gate of the silicon controlled rectifier 42 and a point
51 between the fixed resistor 47 and capacitor 46.
It will be understood that the movable element 48a of the variable
resistor 48 is moved in a direct or positive manner by the trigger
14 by means of a suitable mechanical element 53. This element 48a
may be a contact slider similar to the bridging contact 25 and
arranged for sliding movement (in response to trigger movement)
along a carbon strip (not shown) mounted on the dielectric base 20
in spaced parallel relation with the elongated contact strip
21.
As the trigger 14 is initially depressed, the bridging contact face
27 engages the contact button 22 (the bridging contact face 26 is
always in engagement with the contact strip 21) for energizing the
motor 44 through the speed control circuit. As more fully explained
in the aforementioned Gawron patent, operation of the trigger
varies the resistance of the variable resistor for controlling the
firing angle of the SCR 42 thereby to vary the current supplied to
the motor 44 for controlling the speed thereof in a continuously
variable manner in response to trigger movement. As the trigger 14
reaches its fully depressed position, the bridging contact face 27
engages the contact button 23 thereby bypassing the speed control
circuit and energizing the motor directly from the current
source.
At this time it should be mentioned that the present invention is
not to be limited for use with a variable speed control switch; the
invention has applicability inn a switch which simply opens and
closes a circuit, i.e., an on-off switch.
It should be apparent the present invention provides a new and
improved means for making and breaking contacts in a switch of the
type described. By reason of the positive action achieved by
rocking the bridging contact 25 about the fulcrum defined by the
abutment surfaces 32, 34, the circuit is closed in a positive
manner preventing arcing and pitting of the contact faces 22, 27.
During return movement of the trigger, the contacts are separated
abruptly, again to prevent arcing and pitting. The bridging contact
according to the present invention also serves as a stop to limit
outward movement of the trigger.
* * * * *