U.S. patent number 3,593,667 [Application Number 04/839,412] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-20 for guidance system for dual-mode vehicle.
Invention is credited to Raymond L. Morris.
United States Patent |
3,593,667 |
Morris |
July 20, 1971 |
GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR DUAL-MODE VEHICLE
Abstract
A vehicle capable of operation on a track having a central guide
rail, or on city streets, on highways, or the like. When operating
on the track, guide wheels engageable with opposite sides of the
central guide rail serve to guide the vehicle. For operation off
the track, the guide wheels are retracted and the vehicle is
steered by the operator thereof. Retractable locking bars permit
pivoting of the guide wheels between their extended and retracted
positions, and are extended to positively lock the guide wheels in
their extended positions or their retracted positions. An
irreversible worm drive insures against creeping of the locking
bars out of their extended, locking positions.
Inventors: |
Morris; Raymond L. (Honolulu,
HI) |
Family
ID: |
25279668 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/839,412 |
Filed: |
July 7, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
104/120; 104/246;
104/247; 104/243 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B61C
11/00 (20130101); B60F 1/005 (20130101); B62D
1/265 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60F
1/00 (20060101); B61C 11/00 (20060101); B62d
011/00 (); B61b 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;104/120,23FS,118 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: La Point; Arthur L.
Assistant Examiner: Keen; D. W.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A truck for supporting a vehicle for movement along a track
having laterally spaced, horizontal, longitudinal track surfaces
separated by a central guide rail provided on opposite sides
thereof with laterally spaced, vertical, longitudinal guide
surfaces, the combination of:
a. a truck frame;
b. two laterally spaced, vertical supporting wheels respectively
engageable with said track surfaces and rotatable relative to said
truck frame about a laterally extending, supporting-wheel axis;
c. two guide-wheel frames mounted on said truck frame for pivotal
movement downwardly and inwardly toward each other into extended
positions, and upwardly and outwardly away from each other into
retracted positions, about laterally spaced, longitudinal
guide-wheel frame axes;
d. guide wheels respectively rotatably mounted on said guide-wheel
frames and respectively engageable with said guide surfaces when
said guide-wheel frames are in their extended positions;
e. actuating means for pivoting said guide-wheel frames between
their extended and retracted positions; and
f. locking means engageable with the extended and the retracted
guide-wheel frames for locking said guide-wheel frames in their
extended positions and in their retracted positions.
2. In a vehicle for use on a track having laterally spaced,
horizontal, longitudinal track surfaces separated by a central
guide rail provided on opposite sides thereof with laterally
spaced, vertical, longitudinal guide surfaces, the combination
of:
a. a vehicle frame;
b. at least one truck for supporting at least a part of said
vehicle frame and including a truck frame connected to said vehicle
frame for pivotal movement relative thereto about a vertical,
truck-frame axis;
c. two laterally spaced, vertical supporting wheels respectively
engageable with said track surfaces and rotatable relative to said
truck frame about a laterally extending, supporting-wheel axis
intersecting and perpendicular to said truck-frame axis;
d. two guide-wheel frames mounted on said truck frame for pivotal
movement downwardly and inwardly toward each other into extended
positions, and upwardly and outwardly away from each other into
retracted positions, about laterally spaced, longitudinal
guide-wheel-frame axes on opposite sides of and equidistant from
said truck-frame axis;
e. guide wheels respectively rotatably mounted on said guide-wheel
frames and respectively engageable with said guide surfaces when
said guide-wheel frames are in their extended positions;
f. actuating means for pivoting said guide-wheel frames between
their extended and retracted positions; and
g. locking means engageable with the extended and the retracted
guide-wheel frames for locking said guide-wheel frames in their
extended positions and in their retracted positions.
3. A vehicle as defined in claim 2 wherein said locking means
includes:
a. two locking bars respectively associated with said guide-wheel
frames and mounted on said truck frame for sliding movement between
extended and retracted positions;
b. stops on each of said guide-wheel frames respectively engageable
with opposite sides of the corresponding one of said locking bars
when that guide-wheel frame is in its extended and retracted
positions, respectively, and when said one locking bar is in its
extended position; and
c. means for extending and retracting said locking bars.
4. A vehicle according to claim 3 wherein said locking bars are
mounted on said truck frame for sliding movement downwardly and
outwardly into their extended positions and upwardly and inwardly
into their retracted positions.
5. A vehicle as set forth in claim 4 wherein there are two of said
guide wheels on each of said guide-wheel frames respectively
located equal distances forwardly and rearwardly of said
truck-frame and supporting-wheel axes.
6. A vehicle according to claim 5 wherein said means for extending
and retracting said locking bars includes worm means.
7. In a vehicle for use on a track having laterally spaced,
horizontal, longitudinal track surfaces separated by a central
guide rail provided on opposite sides thereof with laterally
spaced, vertical, longitudinal guide surfaces, the combination
of:
a. a vehicle frame including a tractor frame and including a
trailer frame connected to said tractor frame adjacent the rear end
thereof for pivotal movement relative thereto about a vertical,
trailer-frame axis;
b. two longitudinally spaced trucks respectively including truck
frames one pivotally connected to said tractor frame adjacent the
front end thereof and the other pivotally connected to said trailer
frame adjacent the rear end thereof, for pivotal movement relative
thereto about vertical, truck-frame axes;
c. each of said trucks including two laterally spaced, vertical
supporting wheels respectively engageable with said track surfaces
and rotatable relative to the corresponding truck frame about a
laterally extending, supporting-wheel axis intersecting and
perpendicular to the corresponding truck-frame axis;
d. each of said truck also including two guide-wheel frames mounted
on the corresponding truck frame for upward pivotal movement into
retracted positions and downward pivotal movement into extended
positions;
e. guide wheels respectively rotatably mounted on said guide-wheel
frames of each of said trucks and respectively engageable with said
guide surfaces when said guide-wheel frames are in their extended
positions;
f. actuating means for pivoting said guide-wheel frames between
their extended and retracted positions;
g. steering means for pivoting said one truck frame about its
truck-frame axis;
h. traction wheels mounted on said tractor frame adjacent said rear
end thereof for rotation about a laterally extending,
traction-wheel axis and respectively engageable with said track
surfaces; and
i. means for driving said traction wheels.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to a dual-mode vehicle,
i.e., a vehicle capable of operating either on a track having a
central guide rail, or on ordinary city streets, highways, or the
like. More particularly, the invention relates to a retractable
guidance system for such a vehicle, the guidance system engaging
the central guide rail when the vehicle is operating on the track,
and being retracted when the vehicle is operating off the
track.
In general, the invention contemplates a track having laterally
spaced, horizontal, longitudinal track surfaces which are separated
by the central guide rail, the latter being provided on opposite
sides thereof with laterally spaced, vertical, longitudinal guide
surfaces.
As further background, the invention contemplates a vehicle having
a frame supported at least in part by a truck having a truck frame
connected to the vehicle frame for pivotal movement relative
thereto about a vertical, truck-frame axis. Two laterally spaced
vertical supporting wheels, respectively engageable with the track
surfaces, are rotatable about a laterally-extending,
supporting-wheel axis intersecting and perpendicular to the
truck-frame axis. With this construction, when the vehicle is
negotiating a curve in the track, the supporting-wheel axis
coincides precisely with a line radiating from the center of the
curve at all times. Consequently, the supporting wheels are always
exactly tangent to the curved paths they must follow so that they
negotiate such paths without skidding. The invention still further
contemplates mounting on each truck frame two guide-wheel frames
which are pivotable upwardly and downwardly between retracted and
extended positions, each guide-wheel frame having rotatably mounted
thereon two guide wheels engageable with one of the guide surfaces
on the central guide rail and respectively located equal distances
forwardly and rearwardly of the truck-frame and supporting-wheel
axes.
As further background, the present invention relates to a vehicle
and guidance system embodying many of the features disclosed and
claimed in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,703, granted Feb. 11, 1969.
SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF INVENTION
In general, a primary object of the invention is to provide a
guidance system wherein the pairs of guide wheels which are
engageable with the respective guide surfaces of the central rail
are mounted on guide-wheel frames pivotable relative to the truck
frame downwardly and inwardly toward each other into extended
positions, and upwardly and outwardly away from each other into
retracted positions, about laterally spaced, longitudinal
guide-wheel-frame axes on opposite sides of and equidistant from
the truck-frame axis.
Another and important object of the invention is to provide a
vehicle of the type under consideration wherein the guide-wheel
frames are positively locked in their extended and retracted
positions by locking means comprising: two locking bars
respectively associated with the guide-wheel frames and mounted on
the truck frame for sliding movement between extended and retracted
positions; and stops on the guide-wheel frames respectively
engageable with stops on opposite sides of the locking bars when
the guide wheel frames are in their extended and retracted
positions, respectively, and when the locking bars are in their
extended positions. The locking bars are sturdy rectangular bars
the edges of which act positively to retain the guide-wheel frames
in their extended and retracted positions, which is an important
feature.
Another object is to provide means for extending and retracting the
locking bars which comprises an irreversible worm means.
Still another object is to provide locking bars which are mounted
on the truck frame for sliding movement downwardly and outwardly
into their extended positions and upwardly and inwardly into their
retracted positions, along paths making angles of substantially
45.degree. with the vertical.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a vehicle of
the foregoing general character which includes a tractor and
trailer combination and wherein two of the hereinbefore described
pivoted trucks respectively support the front end of the tractor
and rear end of the trailer, the one supporting the front end of
the tractor being steerable for operation of the vehicle off the
track. A related object is to provide such a vehicle the frame of
which includes a tractor frame and a trailer frame connected to the
rear end of the tractor frame for pivotal movement about a
vertical, trailer-frame axis.
Another object in the foregoing connection is to provide the rear
end of the tractor frame with traction wheels rotatable about an
axis perpendicular to and intersected by the trailer-frame axis,
together with means for driving the traction wheels.
The foregoing objects, advantages, features and results of the
present invention, together with various other objects, advantages,
features and results thereof which will be evident to those skilled
in the transportation art in the light of this disclosure, may be
achieved with the exemplary embodiment of the invention described
in detail hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a tractor-trailer vehicle
which embodies the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the supporting, driving and guiding
wheel systems of the vehicle;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, side elevational view taken as
indicated by either of the arrowed lines 3-3 of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are sectional views taken as indicated by the arrowed
lines4-4 and 5-5, respectively, of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, but showing a guidance system
of the invention locked in upwardly retracted positions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF INVENTION
Referring to the drawings, illustrated therein is a vehicle 10
capable of operating either on a track 12 having laterally spaced,
horizontal, longitudinal track surfaces 14 separated by a central
guide rail 16 provided on opposite sides thereof with laterally
spaced, vertical, longitudinal guide surfaces 18, or on a plain,
untracked surface 20, FIG. 6, such as a city street, highway, or
the like.
In the construction illustrated, the vehicle 10 is an articulated
vehicle comprising a tractor 22 and a semitrailer 24. The
articulated tractor and trailer frames forming the overall vehicle
frame are interconnected for relative pivotal movement about a
vertical, trailer-frame axis 26 by any suitable means 28.
The vehicle 10 is propelled by traction wheels 30 mounted on the
tractor frame for rotation about a laterally extending,
traction-wheel axis 32 perpendicular to and intersecting the
trailer-frame axis 26. The traction wheels 30 may be driven by an
engine or motor 34 through any suitable drive train, designated
generally by the numeral 36.
The front end of the tractor 22 and the rear end of the trailer 24
are supported by trucks 38 and 40 respectively having frames
connected to the frames of the tractor and the trailer for pivotal
movement about vertical, truck-frame axes 46 and 48, as disclosed
in more detail in my aforementioned patent. As also disclosed in
that patent, rotatably mounted on the truck frames 42 and 44 are
supporting wheels 50 and 52 engageable with the track surfaces 14
and respectively rotatable about supporting-wheel axes 54 and 56
perpendicular to and intersecting the truck-frame axes 46 and 48.
As hereinbefore discussed, and as explained in the patent
mentioned, this permits the supporting wheels 50 and 52 to
negotiate curves in the track 12 without skidding. In the
construction illustrated, the supporting wheels 50 comprise two
sets of dual wheels respectively located on opposite sides of the
truck-frame axis 46, the dual wheels of each set being separated by
a tire deflation disc 58. Similarly, the supporting wheels 52
comprise two sets of dual wheels located on opposite sides of the
axis 48, the wheels of each set being separated by a tire deflation
disc 60.
When the vehicle 10 is running on the track 12, guidance systems 62
and 64 carried by the truck frames 42 and 44 cause the trucks 38
and 40 to follow the central guide rail 16, and to maintain the
supporting-wheel axes 54 and 56 oriented along radial lines through
the centers of any curves negotiated by the vehicle, thereby
preventing skidding of the supporting wheels. When negotiating
curves, the traction wheels 30 may cut the corners slightly, but
the track surfaces 14 are wide enough to permit this for the
sharpest curves encountered, without interference by the central
guide rail 16.
As will be explained hereinafter, the guidance systems 62 and 64
are retractable upwardly when the vehicle 10 is operated off the
track 12. Under such conditions, the vehicle 10 may be steered by
pivoting the truck 38. The tractor 22 is shown as being provided
with a steering wheel 66 which is adapted to pivot the truck frame
42 about the vertical axis 46 in any appropriate manner, as through
a suitable mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, or other connection,
not shown. If desired, the steering wheel 66 may be connected to
the truck 38 through a hydraulic power steering system, not shown.
When the vehicle 10 is operating off the track 12, the truck 40 is
preferably locked against pivoting about the axis 48. This may be
accomplished by a hydraulically actuated plunger 68, FIG. 1,
carried by the frame of the trailer 24 and insertable into a hole
70, FIG. 2, in the truck frame 44.
The guidance systems 62 and 64 for the respective trucks 38 and 40
are identical. For convenience, only the guidance system 64 will be
considered in detail in connection with FIGS. 3 to 6 of the
drawings.
The guidance system 64 includes two guide-wheel frames 72 which are
elongated in the fore-and-aft or longitudinal direction.
Longitudinal pivots 74 mount the guide-wheel frames 72 on the truck
frame 44 for pivotal movement downwardly and inwardly toward each
other into extended positions, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and
upwardly and outwardly away from each other into retracted
positions, as shown in FIG. 6, about laterally spaced, longitudinal
guide-wheel-frame axes disposed on opposite sides of and
equidistant from the corresponding truck-frame axis 48.
The guide-wheel frames 72 carry guide wheels 76 which are rotatable
about vertical axes and engageable with the guide surfaces 18 when
the guide-wheel frames 72 are in their extended positions. The
guidance system 64 includes four of the guide wheels 76, two on
each guide-wheel frame 72. Two of the guide wheels 76 are located
forwardly of the axis 48 and the other two are located an equal
distance rearwardly thereof. With this construction, maintenance of
the supporting-wheel axis 56 on a radial line at all times when
negotiating a curve is assured. The respective guide wheels 76 are
equipped with tire deflation discs 78 which come into play in the
event of deflation of the tires of the associated guide wheels.
An actuating means 80 pivots the guide-wheel frames 72 back and
forth between their extended and retracted positions. The actuating
means 80 is shown as comprising a motor 82 mounted on the truck
frame 44 and driving a worm 84 meshed with a worm wheel 86. The
latter drives a gear 88 meshed with one of a pair of intermeshed
gears 90 which, in turn, are meshed with gears 92 fixed on two of
the pivots 74 for the respective guide-wheel frames 72, such pivots
being suitably keyed to the respective guide-wheel frames. With
this construction, the motor 82 pivots the guide-wheel frames back
and forth between their extended and retracted positions. The worm
drive incorporated in the train between the motor 82 and the
guide-wheel frames 72 is, of course, irreversible and thus tends to
maintain the guide-wheel frames in their extended positions or
retracted positions.
However, the guide-wheel frames 72 are positively locked in their
extended positions, or their retracted positions, by a locking
means 94 which is best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 of the drawings. The
locking means 94 comprises two generally rectangular locking bars
96 respectively associated with the guide-wheel frames 72 and
mounted on the truck frame 44 for sliding movement downwardly and
outwardly into extended positions, FIGS. 5 and 6, and upwardly and
inwardly into retracted positions, not shown. The locking bars 96
are slidable in complementary guides 98 of rectangular cross
section carried by the truck frame 44. It will be noted that the
adjacent pivots 74 for the two guide-wheel frames 72 pass through
elongated openings 100 in the locking bars 96 to prevent the
locking bars from dropping out of their guides 98 even in the event
of failure of the hereinafter described means 102 for extending and
retracting the locking bars.
The means 102 is shown as comprising a motor 104 mounted on the
truck frame 44 and driving a worm 106 meshed with a worm wheel 108.
The latter drives bevel gears 110 meshed with gears 112 driving
screws 114 threadedly engaged with the locking bars 96. As will be
apparent, rotation of the screws 114 in opposite directions results
in extension and retraction of the locking bars 96.
The guide-wheel frames 72 are provided thereon with bevelled stops
116 engageable by the lower longitudinal edges of the locking bars
96, which are preferably oriented at angles of substantially
45.degree. to the vertical, to maintain the guide-wheel frames in
their extended positions. Similarly, the guide-wheel frames 72 are
provided with bevelled stops 118 engageable by the upper
longitudinal edges of the locking bars 96 to positively secure the
guide-wheel frames 72 in their retracted positions. The guide-wheel
frames 72 and the locking means 94 are of sturdy construction to
insure retention of the guide-wheel frames 72 in either their
extended positions or their retracted positions, this despite
substantial loads on the guide wheels 76 in negotiating curves.
When the guide-wheel frames 72 are retracted, the guide wheels 76
are elevated far enough to provide adequate ground clearance for
operation off the track 12.
Although an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been
disclosed for purposes of illustration, it will be understood that
the invention may be incorporated in other embodiments and that
various changes, modifications and substitutions may be
incorporated in the particular embodiment disclosed.
* * * * *