U.S. patent number 3,592,087 [Application Number 04/853,333] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-13 for impact wrench drive.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ingersoll-Rand Company. Invention is credited to Reginald W. Pauley.
United States Patent |
3,592,087 |
Pauley |
July 13, 1971 |
IMPACT WRENCH DRIVE
Abstract
An impact wrench having a torsion bar and a latch means which
can be manually moved between an inoperative position, wherein the
torsion bar limits the torque delivered by the wrench to a
fastener, and an operative position, wherein the wrench anvil is
connected substantially rigidly to the fastener to deliver an
increased torque to the fastener.
Inventors: |
Pauley; Reginald W. (Belle
Mead, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Ingersoll-Rand Company (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25315752 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/853,333 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
173/176;
192/48.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25B
21/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25B
21/02 (20060101); B25b 019/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;81/52.3,52.4,58.3
;192/48.3,48.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jones, Jr.; James L.
Claims
I claim:
1. An impact wrench comprising:
an anvil and hammer mechanism adapted to apply a series of rotary
impacts to said anvil;
a spindle adapted to be connected to a fastener driving socket;
a torsion spring resiliently interconnecting said anvil to said
spindle and adapted to limit the amount of torque that is
transmitted to said spindle from said anvil; and
latch means separate from said torsion spring for rigidly
interconnecting said spindle to said anvil in an operative position
for transmitting higher values of torque to said spindle from said
anvil than can be transmitted by said torsion spring, said latch
means being manually movable by the operator while operating the
wrench between an inoperative position, wherein torque is
transmitted solely by said torsion spring, and said operative
position.
2. The impact wrench of claim 1 wherein:
said latch means is axially movable relative to said spindle
between said operative and inoperative positions.
3. The impact wrench of claim 2 wherein:
said anvil is connected to a tube extending forwardly around said
torsion spring and having a sliding nonrotating engagement with
said latch means.
4. The impact wrench of claim 2 wherein:
said latch means includes an axially movable sleeve adapted to
engage splines on said spindle and splines connected to said anvil
in said operative position.
5. The impact of claim 3 wherein:
said latch means is a sleeve nonrotatably sliding on said tube and
includes biasing means urging said sleeve rearwardly to a retracted
position where it is disengaged from said torsion spring.
6. The impact wrench of claim 1 wherein:
said torsion spring and latch means is detachable from said
anvil.
7. An attachment for an impact wrench having a first driving
spindle, said attachment comprising:
a rear end adapted to be connected to said first spindle for
transmitting a torque load;
a second spindle adapted to be connected to a fastener driving
socket;
a torsion spring resiliently interconnecting said rear end to said
second spindle and adapted to limit the amount of torque that is
transmitted to said second spindle from said rear end; and
latch means separate from said torsion spring for rigidly
interconnecting said second spindle to said rear end in an
operative position for transmitting higher values of torque to said
second spindle from said rear end than can be transmitted by said
torsion spring, said latch means being manually movable by the
operator while operating the wrench between an inoperative
position, wherein torque is transmitted solely by said torsion
spring, and said operative position.
8. The attachment of claim 7 wherein:
said latch means is axially movable relative to said second spindle
between said operative and inoperative positions.
9. The attachment of claim 8 wherein:
said rear end is connected to a tube extending forwardly around
said torsion spring and having a sliding nonrotating engagement
with said latch means.
10. The attachment of claim 8 wherein:
said latch means includes an axially movable sleeve adapted to
engage splines on said second spindle and splines connected to said
rear end in said operative position.
11. The attachment of claim 9 wherein:
said latch means is a sleeve nonrotatably sliding on said tube and
includes biasing means urging said sleeve rearwardly to a retracted
position where it is disengaged from said torsion spring.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
This invention relates to the art of rotary impact wrenches and,
more particularly, to the type of impact wrench utilizing a torsion
bar between the wrench and a fastener driving socket for limiting
the amount of torque delivered to a fastener.
Torsion bars are conventionally used with impact wrenches for
limiting the amount of torque delivered to a fastener to prevent
the impact wrench from overtightening and damaging the fastener,
which can easily occur without the use of a torsion bar. For
example, impact wrenches with torsion bars are used for both
tightening and removing fasteners. In removing fasteners, an
occasional fastener will be so tight that the wrench is incapable
of removing it using a torsion bar. When this occurs the mechanic
must stop the wrench, remove the socket from the torsion bar,
remove the torsion bar from the wrench, and replace the socket on
the wrench before proceeding to remove the fastener. Thereafter,
the torsion bar must again be replaced on the wrench before the
mechanic uses it to tighten a fastener. All of this removal and
remounting of the torsion bar is an annoyance and an uneconomical
waste of a mechanic's time.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The principal object of this invention is to solve the foregoing
problem by substantially reducing the waste of a mechanic's time
using an impact wrench equipped with a torsion bar.
Another important object of this invention is to provide an impact
wrench wherein an operator can quickly and easily shift the impact
wrench, during the operation of the wrench, between a position
driving a fastener solely through a torsion bar and a position
wherein the fastener driving socket is rigidly interconnected to
the driving anvil of the impact wrench.
In general, the foregoing objects are attained in an impact wrench
having an anvil and a hammer mechanism adapted to apply rotary
impacts to the anvil, a spindle adapted to be connected to a
fastener driving a socket, a torsion bar or other spring
resiliently interconnecting the anvil to the spindle, and latch
means separate from the torsion bar and operative, in an operative
position, to rigidly interconnect the spindle to the anvil for
transmitting a much higher value of torque to the spindle than can
be transmitted through the torsion bar, with the latch means being
easily movable or shiftable by the operator while operating the
wrench between the operative position and an inoperative position
wherein torque is transmitted solely by the torsion bar.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
The invention is described in connection with the drawing
wherein:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the front end of an impact wrench
embodying this invention and having portions cut away and shown in
section;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are sections on an enlarged scale taken respectively
on lines 2-2 and 3-3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of FIG. 1 with certain
broken-away portions shown in elevation;
FIG. 5 is a curve illustrating the relationship of torque relative
to time during both types of operation of the impact wrench, torque
being indicated by the vertical coordinate and time being indicated
by the horizontal coordinate; and
FIG. 6 is an elevational view similar to FIG. 1 of a second
embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows the front end of a rotary impact wrench 1 including a
casing 2 containing a rotary motor (not shown) driving a rotary
hammer 3 which, as it rotates, periodically strikes an impact blow
to a rotary anvil 4. The anvil 4 includes an integral forwardly
extending tube 5 journaled in a bearing 6 mounted in the front end
of the impact tool casing 2. The tube 5 surrounds an elongate
torsion spring or bar 7 having its rear end 8, which is formed as a
square plug, nonrotationally anchored in a corresponding square
hole in the anvil 4 so that impact blows received by the anvil 4
from the hammer 3 are transmitted to the torsion bar 7. A
transverse pin 9 is mounted in the anvil and extends through the
rear end 8 to hold the torsion bar 7 in position in the anvil
4.
The front end 11 of the torsion bar 7 has a square cross section
and is adapted to engage a fastener driving socket (not shown)
having a square hole for being detachably received on the square
front end 11. The use of this type of detachable socket is
conventional and well known in the rotary impact wrench art.
When an impact load is being transmitted by the torsion bar 7, the
torsion bar limits the amount of torque that can be transmitted to
a fastener. This limiting action of the torsion bar 7 is
illustrated in FIG. 5 by the curve identified as 12. Initially,
when the torque load (indicated by the vertical coordinate) on the
fastener is relatively low, the torsion bar will transmit
substantially all of the torque applied to it by the impact wrench
1. As the torque load rises, the torsion bar will begin
progressively deflecting or winding up under each impact and then
rebounding, resulting in a substantial portion of each impact being
absorbed by the torsion bar 7 without transmitting it to the
fastener. Thus, as noted in curve 12 in FIG. 5, the torque will
eventually rise to a maximum limiting value where the torsion bar
is incapable of applying additional torque to the fastener even
though the wrench is capable of applying a much higher torque load
to the fastener when the torsion bar is eliminated. This phenomenon
is well known in the impact tool art and is not believed to require
further explanation.
In order to apply an increased torque load to a fastener, where
desirable, it is necessary to couple the relatively rigid tube 5 of
the wrench directly to the front end 11 of the torsion bar 7. It is
desirable for the mechanic to be able to do this quickly and easily
while the tool remains oriented in his hand in the normal operating
position and, preferably, during the operation of the wrench motor.
This is accomplished by the subject invention.
The torsion bar 7 contains a series of longitudinally extending
spline teeth 14 located adjacent and immediately to the rear of the
front end 11 of the torsion bar 7. An annular sleeve 15 is slidably
mounted on the forward end of the tube 5 and nonrotatably engages
the tube 5 by means of cooperating splines 16 provided on the tube
5 and internal flutes formed on the sleeve 15. The forward end of
the sleeve 15 contains a fluted bore 17 which is of reduced
diameter relative to the rear portion of the sleeve 15 slidably
engaging the tube 5, and is adapted to nonrotatably engage the
spline teeth 14 provided on the torsion bar 7, when the sleeve 15
is moved axially forward to the position shown in dotted lines in
FIGS. 1 and 4. When the sleeve 15 is in its rearwardly retracted
position, shown in solid lines in FIGS. 1 and 4, the fluted bore 17
is free of the spline teeth 14 and the tube 5 is disconnected from
the front end of the torsion bar 7.
Means is provided for resiliently urging the sleeve 15 rearwardly
on the tube 5. This means includes a longitudinal groove 18 formed
in the forward part of the tube 5 and a shoulder 19 facing
rearwardly adjacent the front end of the groove 18. A spring 20 is
located in the groove 18 and engages the shoulder 19 and a setscrew
21 located in the rear end of the sleeve 15 and extending radially
into the groove 18, as shown in FIG. 4. A resilient snapring 22
engages an annular groove provided on the spline teeth 14 to serve
as a stop for limiting the forward movement of the sleeve 15 when
engaged with the teeth 14, as shown in dotted lines in FIGS. 1 and
4.
In operating the impact wrench 1 during the normal tightening of a
fastener, where it is desired to limit the amount of torque
delivered to the fastener, a mechanic will use the wrench in the
condition shown in solid lines in FIG. 1, wherein the sleeve 15 is
retracted to its rearward position and wherein the rearward torque
is delivered solely through the torsion bar 7. When the mechanic
encounters a fastener requiring the application of an increased
torque load, such as when removing a fastener, he simply grasps the
sleeve 15 in his free hand, while continuing to hold the wrench in
his other hand in the normal manner, slides the sleeve 15 axially
forward to engage it with the spline teeth 14, and this can be done
while the wrench is operating. This forward movement of the sleeve
rigidly connects the anvil 4 to the front end 11 of the torsion bar
7 whereupon substantially all of the torque created by the wrench 1
is delivered to the fastener. In this position, the torque
delivered by the wrench to the fastener is characterized by the
curve 24 in FIG. 5. The torque delivered to the fastener rises to a
point where it ultimately tapers off to a torque limited only by
the capabilities of the wrench 1. Once the mechanic has finished
with the fastener requiring the increased torque, he simply
releases the sleeve 15 whereas the spring 20 returns the sleeve 15
to its rearwardly retracted position whereupon the torsion bar 7 is
used for transmitting the torque load in a conventional manner.
SECOND EMBODIMENT
FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the invention. In this
embodiment the invention is incorporated in an attachment 26
adapted to be releasably mounted on a spindle 27 of a conventional
impact wrench 28. In this embodiment, the tube 5 includes a rear
end 30 having a socket 31 adapted to cooperatively receive the
spindle 27. The rear end 8 of the torsion bar 7 is fixed in the
rear end of the tube 5 by a transverse pin 9, in the same manner as
shown in FIG. 1. Otherwise, with the exception of being made in the
form of an attachment, the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is
identical with the first embodiment.
While two embodiments of the invention are described and
illustrated in detail, this invention is not limited simply to the
described embodiments, but contemplates other embodiments and
variations which utilize the concepts and teachings of this
invention.
* * * * *