U.S. patent number 3,591,869 [Application Number 04/804,208] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-13 for toilet bowl (reverse trap bowl).
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Standard Inc.. Invention is credited to Franklin Keith Manning.
United States Patent |
3,591,869 |
Manning |
July 13, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
TOILET BOWL (REVERSE TRAP BOWL)
Abstract
Covers a toilet bowl of the reverse trap type which is about
one-seventh lighter in weight than other such bowls and may be made
by joining only two parts together. The bowl includes jet, up-leg,
down-leg and horizontal passageways in which the jet and up-leg
passageways are inclined at equal but opposite angles and the
up-leg and down-leg passageways are parallel to each other and
separated by a thin wall providing the normal weir of the bowl.
Inventors: |
Manning; Franklin Keith (New
Orleans, LA) |
Assignee: |
American Standard Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25188430 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/804,208 |
Filed: |
March 4, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/425 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03D
11/02 (20130101); E03D 2201/30 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03D
11/02 (20060101); E03d 011/02 (); E03d
011/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/69,73,93,94,14,22,252 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Claims
I claim:
1. A toilet bowl of the reverse trap type formed essentially by
joining two pieces of vitreous china, said bowl having a flanged
raceway along its upper edge having a plurality of small swirl
openings distributed along the periphery of the raceway and pointed
toward the well of the bowl, a single jet passageway for said bowl,
said single jet passageway being located at the front of the bowl
and extending downwardly from the raceway to the well located at
the center of the bowl, an up-leg passageway extending upwardly
from the well of the bowl in a direction toward the rear of the
bowl, said jet passageway providing the only jetstream of the bowl,
said jetstream up-leg passageway, a down-leg passageway
substantially parallel to the up-leg passageway and separated from
the up-leg passageway by a wall providing a weir to fix the normal
upper water level in the bowl, and a horizontal passageway
extending from the down-leg passageway, in a direction toward the
rear of the bowl, to the discharge opening directed downwardly
through the bottom of the bowl, said jet passageway substantially
defining the front structural wall of the bowl while the down-leg
passageway substantially defines the rear structural wall of the
bowl so that the front and rear walls of the bowl are at
substantially equal and opposite angles.
2. A toilet bowl of the reverse trap type according to claim 1, in
which the jet passageway has an orifice through which water is
emitted at high velocity into the well of the bowl.
3. A toilet bowl of the reverse trap type according to claim 2, in
which the jetway and up-leg passageways are directed at
complimentary angles of about 45.degree. with respect to the floor
of the bowl.
4. A toilet bowl of the reverse trap type according to claim 3 in
which the outer walls of the front and rear of the bowl are parts
of the jetway and down-leg passageways, respectively, and are
relatively thin and are pointed toward the center of the bowl.
5. A toilet bowl of the reverse trap type according to claim 4, in
which the adjacent surfaces of the up-leg and down-leg are
separated from each other by a thin common wall.
6. A toilet bowl according to claim 5, in which the entire recited
combination is constructed of vitreous china in only two parts
which are separated from each other about a line substantially
coinciding with the bottom of the flanged raceway, the two parts
being joined together while in a semiplastic state.
7. A toilet bowl according to claim 6, in which the down-leg
passageway and the horizontal passageway meet each other toward the
center of the bowl and in front of the discharge opening.
8. A toilet bowl formed essentially by joining two pieces of
vitreous china, said bowl having jet, up-leg, down-leg and
horizontal passageways, the jet passageway being adjacent the front
of the bowl and having an orifice on one side of the well of the
bowl while the opening to the up-leg passageway is located on the
other side of said well, said jet passageway providing the only jet
stream traveling through the well of the bowl and upwardly through
the up-leg passageway, the up-leg and down-leg passageways being
substantially parallel to each other and spaced by a thin wall
providing a weir to establish the normal level of water in the
bowl, the jet passageway forming an angle with the floor of the
bowl which is substantially equal and opposite to the angle of the
up-leg passageway, said jet passageway substantially defining the
front structural wall of the bowl while the down-leg passageway
substantially defines the rear structural wall of the bowl so that
the external front and rear walls of the bowl are at substantially
equal and opposite angles.
9. A toilet bowl according to claim 8 in which the outer walls of
the down-leg and horizontal passageways are joined by a relatively
thin wall.
10. A toilet bowl according to claim 9 in which the angles of the
jet, up-leg and down-leg passageways are substantially equal to
45.degree..
11. A toilet bowl according to claim 10 having a flanged raceway
along its upper edge having a plurality of swirl holes therein.
12. A toilet bowl according to claim 11 in which the flow through
the horizontal passageway is rearward toward a discharge opening in
the bottom of the bowl.
Description
This invention relates generally to toilet bowls, sometimes called
"water closets," and, more particularly, to toilet bowls of the
siphon-forming type. Still more particularly, this invention
relates to toilet bowls in which the jetway is located at the front
of the bowl, such toilet bowls being commonly called "reverse trap"
bowls. And still more particularly, this invention relates to
toilet bowls of the reverse trap type which are lighter in weight
than conventional toilet bowls, easier to manufacture and less
costly than conventional bowls.
The toilet bowl of the present invention includes a combination of
four distinct paths for the main flow of water through the bowl for
flushing purposes. These four paths are, for convenience, referred
to hereinafter as the jetway passageway, the up-leg passageway, the
down-leg passageway and the horizontal passageway. According to
this invention, the jetway passageway, which is the first of the
four paths, is positioned in the very front of the bowl and extends
to the area of the center or midpoint of the bowl. The up-leg
passageway and down-leg passageway provide two separate paths which
are toward the rear of the bowl and are separated by a divider
which forms a weir, the two paths being substantially parallel to
each other. The up-leg passageway extends upwardly and directs the
water within the bowl and supplied to the bowl toward the rear of
the bowl while the down-leg passageway directs the water over a
parallel path toward the center of the bowl. The horizontal
passageway deflects the water from the down-leg passageway toward
the rear of the bowl, but the horizontal passageway releases the
water through a floor outlet intermediate the center and rear of
the bowl, thus completing a flushing series of paths. Water will be
moved at considerable speed over a sequential path through the
jetway passageway in a downgrade, then upwardly over a similar
grade through the up-leg passageway and over its weir, then
downwardly through the down-leg passageway and finally through the
horizontal passageway into the outlet in the floor which leads to
the sewer or other disposing point. The divider between the up-leg
passageway and down-leg passageway provides the only weir of the
toilet bowl.
The toilet bowl of this invention is unique in that the down-leg
slopes forward allowing a common wall between it and the up-leg.
Since the down-leg slopes forward and joins the horizontal-leg
forward of the outlet, the direction of flow in the horizontal-leg
is to the rear which is opposite to the flow of conventional
reverse trap bowls. This feature contributes to the reduced weight
and to the simplified construction of this toilet bowl
invention.
One of the main objects of the construction and physical embodiment
of this invention is to provide a toilet bowl having considerably
less weight than conventional toilet bowls while maintaining as
much siphonic activity and flushing power as conventional
bowls.
Another of the principal objects of this invention is to provide a
toilet bowl which is simple in construction and easy to
manufacture, requiring considerably less labor to produce than
conventional toilet bowls. The toilet bowl of this invention is
made only of two pieces which may be joined or stuck together while
semiplastic at a line near the top of the bowl. Conventional bowls,
due to their complexity, necessarily have three, four or more
pieces; yet conventional reversed trap bowls also cannot ordinarily
avoid having the same three, four or more pieces. Because of the
above-noted structural features of this invention, there is a
substantial labor saving in producing the two parts and joining
them together to complete the bowl of this invention.
Another of the objects of this invention is to manufacture a bowl
with so little material that about seven bowls may be manufactured
from the material heretofore required for some six bowls. This
constitutes a considerable saving in material and, therefore,
results in a reduction in labor and in cost as well.
This invention will be better understood from the more detailed
description hereinafter following when read in connection with the
accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a lateral cross-sectional view of the toilet
bowl of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a top plan view of the same toilet bowl as it is
viewed from lines 2-2 of FIG. 1;
and FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along lines 3-3 of
FIG. 1.
Like reference characters will be used throughout the drawing to
illustrate like parts.
Referring to the drawing, and especially to FIG. 1 of the drawing,
the toilet bowl construction includes a main water passageway 3 to
which a tank and flush valve combination of any well-known types
may be associated in a conventional manner. An appropriate form of
tank and flush valve combination disclosed in the B. Hurko et al.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,773,268, issued Dec. 11, 1956, and assigned to the
same assignee, or, in the alternative, a conventional flushometer
and water supply feed pipe of well-known construction, may be
associated in a conventional manner with the toilet bowl. The main
flow passageway 3 leads to a rim or flange 5 providing a raceway
having a plurality of separate swirl holes or cylinders 4 therein
of conventional construction, all of which are built into the
flange 5. Such swirl holes 4 may be substantially equally spaced
from each other along the periphery of the rim or flange 5. Each
such swirl hole or cylinder 4 may be directed or pointed downwardly
at substantially the same angle from the horizontal plane, pointing
more or less equally toward the center 7 of the bowl, more
frequently called the "well" of the bowl. The main passageway 3 is
connected via the rim or flange 5 to the jet passageway 9 which, as
is observed from the drawing, may be located at the very front end
of the toilet bowl, as shown. The front end construction of the
jetway 9, as shown, is substantially straight or curved to a very
limited extent, as shown, and is pointed in a direction which is
about equal to 45.degree. with respect to the floor. The jetway 9
has an opening 11 at its lower end which is adjacent to the well 7,
so that the jetway 9 will couple the rim or flange 5 to the well 7.
Water travelling through the jetway 9 reaches a substantially
high-velocity upon exit from the jet orifice 11. The flow of the
water through the jetway 9 is influenced by cross-sectional
dimensions and shape of the jetway 9 and by the difference in
elevation between the rim or flange 5 and the well 7, all of these
factors affecting the velocity of the jet efflux which, as noted,
is relatively high.
The up-leg passageway designated 13 is positioned and directed at a
substantially complementary angle of around 45.degree. with respect
to the floor, the up-leg passageway extending from the well 7 to
the weir 15. The up-leg passageway 13 is more or less linear in
direction. The weir 15 may be a crown weir. The up-leg passageway
13 is adjacent to the down-leg passageway 17 which is substantially
parallel to the up-leg passageway and is separated from the up-leg
passageway merely by a relatively thin wall member 16. It will be
observed that both passageways 13 and 17 are of larger
cross-sectional areas so as to accommodate the waste material along
with the water to be delivered out of the bowl in the flushing
operation.
The down-leg passageway 17, which extends to about the point 19,
enters or joins with the horizontal passageway 21 which leads to
the discharge opening 23. The down-leg passageway 17 is relatively
short but sufficiently wide to accommodate all of the waste
material products to be discharged from the toilet bowl into the
sewer system or other sewage depository. The point 19 which
separates the down-leg passageway 17 from the horizontal passageway
21 is but a small distance from the discharge opening 23, as shown.
Furthermore, the horizontal passageway 21 embodies no weir
formation therein. The toilet bowl construction embodies a rear web
or rib 33 which is relatively thin and this element aids in
supporting the bowl.
The weir 15 will generally fix the upper level of the water within
the bowl during its idle or nonflushing condition and this is shown
generally by the horizontal waterline 31. As the water level rises
or tends to rise for any reason above the uppermost point of the
weir 15, the excess will freely flow over the weir 15 and down
through the down-leg passageway 17 and through the horizontal
passageway 21 into the discharge opening 23.
In one construction according to the invention, the discharge
opening 23 was of a diameter of about 21/4 inch. The jet orifice 11
was of a diameter of about 1 inch. The spacing of the jetway, i.e.,
the average spacing between the two walls of the jetway 9, was
something of the order of seven-eighths inch. On the other hand,
the average spacing between the front and rear walls of the up-leg
passageway 13 was of the order of 21/4 inch and the corresponding
spacing of down-leg passageway 17 was of the order of about 2
inches. The point 19 was something better than 2 inches above the
opening of the discharge port 23. Furthermore, the waterline 31 was
almost 5 inches from the upper level of the rim or flange 5. The
normal volume of water retained by the bowl up to the trap seal at
the weir 15 and waterline 31 was approximately 31/2 quarts.
One of the most important features of the construction of this
toilet bowl is the direction of flow in the down-leg passageway 17
and in the horizontal passageway 21, wherefore these passageways
are joined toward the center of the bowl, thereby contributing to
the weight reduction. Many conventional constructions of toilet
bowls have bulging rear surfaces, generally almost vertically
disposed, at the rear of the bowl where the down-leg passageway is
embodied. Such bulging constructions obviously increase the
troublesome weight problem.
As already suggested hereinabove, the bowl of this invention is
some 6 or 7 pounds lighter than conventional toilet bowls of the
reverse trap type. This is about 14 to 16 percent less in weight
than conventional reverse trap bowls. This means that an additional
bowl may be manufactured from the materials required for about six
bowls. This constitutes an important saving in material, in the
cost of the material for each bowl and in the overall manufacturing
cost of the bowl as well as its packing and shipping cost.
Another important feature of the construction of this invention is
that, due to the shapes and configurations of the passageways, only
two pieces are required to manufacture the toilet bowl. The
so-called "stickup" line L-L constitutes the dividing line between
the two separately molded parts of the toilet bowl that must be put
together in the pottery while in their semiplastic state. The
segment above the line L-L and the segment below the line L-L are
joined together in a single step. This simple constructional
feature also reduces the manufacturing cost. Conventional reverse
trap bowls are necessarily composed of three, four or more segments
due to the complexity of their designs and this, of course,
materially affects the cost of labor in the manufacture of the
toilet bowl.
When the flush valve or flushometer (not shown) is opened in order
to evacuate the bowl, water will travel at a rather rapid rate
through the main opening 3 and around the circular path formed
within the rim or flange 5 of the bowl and then into the jetway 9.
This rapidly travelling water will be emitted from the jet orifice
11. Accompanying the efflux of water through the jet orifice 11, an
additional volume of water will be simultaneously traversing the
various swirl holes 4 in the rim or flange 5 and these will be
directed in separated streams toward the well 7 to join the water
emitted from the jet orifice 11 in the flushing operation. The
joint and simultaneous action of the waters emerging from the jet
orifice 11 and from the several swirl holes will coact and drive
the waste products upwardly through the up-leg passageway 13, over
the weir 15, then through the down-leg passageway 13, through the
horizontal passageway 21 and out through the exhaust port 23. The
water level 31 in the bowl will soon drop below the level of the
weir 15 due to the coacting forces.
The flow of water over the weir 15 at the upper terminals of wall
16 and into the down-leg passageway 17 produces, in effect, a
screen or curtain as the water passes the weir 15 and again as it
passes point 19. The screen or curtain effect of the water causes
siphonic action to be initiated within the bowl. The strength or
pressure of the siphon becomes increased by the displacement of the
entrapped air within the down-leg passageway 17. The strength of
the siphon may reach its maximum magnitude as the water in the
down-leg passageway 17 fairly completely displaces the entrapped
air and reaches toward the upper level of the passageway 17. The
effect of the increased suction is to drive the waste product
materials within the bowl from the well 7 at a substantially high
flow rate through the up-leg passageway 13 and over the weir 15 and
then, as is expected, down through the down-leg passageway 17, the
horizontal passageway 21 and finally into the discharge opening
23.
It is noted that the end walls 41 and 43 of the bowl respectively
at the front and at the rear, that is, adjacent respectively to the
jetway 9 and the down-leg 17, are pointed away from the upper ends
of the front wall and backwall of the bowl as shown. This feature
reduces the volume and the weight of the material required in the
manufacture of the bowl to its minimum. The essential purpose is to
economize in the manufacture and construction of the bowl without
affecting its operative characteristics. This yields a lower cost
bowl which is especially suitable for low-cost housing.
While this invention has been shown and described in a certain
embodiment merely for the purpose of illustration, it will be
clearly understood that the arrangement may be set up in other and
widely varying embodiments without departing from the spirit and
scope of this invention.
* * * * *