U.S. patent number 3,591,863 [Application Number 04/825,542] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-13 for helmet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Luzette O. Sparin. Invention is credited to Harry E. Rickard.
United States Patent |
3,591,863 |
Rickard |
July 13, 1971 |
HELMET
Abstract
The combination of a safety helmet engageable over a wearer's
head, a chinstrap fixed to the helmet and engageable with the
wearer's chin to maintain the helmet engaged over the wearer's
head, an elongate, vertically extending neck pad engageable with
the back of the wearer's neck and shaped to conform to the wearer's
neck when the wearer's head is tipped and neck is flexed backwardly
a predetermined extent and to provide support to the cervical
portion of the wearer's spine and occipital portion of the wearer's
skull, and mounting means to secure the pad to the helmet and
including a hanger fixed to and extending between the pad and the
rear portion of the helmet and a pivot bearing carried by the rear
portion of the helmet to occur rearward of the pad between the ends
thereof and engageable with said pad when the head is tipped back
and the lower rear portion of the helmet is moved downwardly and
forwardly.
Inventors: |
Rickard; Harry E. (Phoenix,
AZ) |
Assignee: |
Sparin; Luzette O. (Los
Angeles, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25244271 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/825,542 |
Filed: |
May 19, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/415; 2/421 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A42B
3/085 (20130101); A42B 3/0473 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A42B
3/10 (20060101); A42B 3/04 (20060101); A63b
071/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Guest; Alfred R.
Claims
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. In combination, a safety helmet engageable on and over a
wearer's head, a safety pad engageable with the back of the
wearer's neck and mounting means pivotally connecting the helmet
and the pad, said pad is shaped to conform to the back of the
wearer's neck when the wearer's head is tipped back and the
wearer's neck is flexed back a predetermined distance whereby the
cervical portion of the wearer's spine is supported and stopped
against further backward flexing.
2. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pad is shaped
to stop against the occipital portion of the wearer's skull when
the wearer's head is tipped back a predetermined distance whereby
the occipital portion to the wearer's head is supported and stopped
against further backward tipping.
3. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mounting means
includes a pivot bearing carried by the helmet to occur in spaced
relation rearward of the wearer's neck and adapted to pivotally
engage the pad when the wearer's head is tipped back and the lower
rear portion of the helmet is moved downwardly and forwardly.
4. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pad is shaped
to stop against the occipital portion of the wearer's skull when
the wearer's head is tipped back a predetermined distance whereby
the occipital portion of the wearer's head is supported and stopped
against further backward tipping, said mounting means including a
pivot bearing carried by the helmet to occur in spaced relationship
rearward of the wearer's neck and adapted to pivotally engage the
pad when the wearer's head is tipped back and the lower rear
portion of the helmet is moved downwardly and forwardly.
5. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mounting means
includes a hanger extending between the rear portion of the helmet
and the pad to suspend the pad from the helmet for free
fore-and-aft swinging and pivoting relative to the helmet and a
pivot bearing carried by the helmet to occur in spaced relationship
rearward of the wearer's neck and adapted to pivotally engage the
pad when the wearer's head is tipped back and the lower rear
portion of the helmet is moved downwardly and forwardly.
6. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pad is shaped
to stop against the occipital portion of the wearer's skull when
the wearer's head is tipped back a predetermined distance whereby
the occipital portion of the wearer's head is supported and stopped
against further backward tipping, said mounting means including a
hanger extending between the rear portion of the helmet and the pad
to suspend the pad from the helmet for free fore-and-aft swinging
and pivoting relative to the helmet and a pivot bearing carried by
the helmet to occur in spaced relationship rearward of the wearer's
neck and adapted to pivotally engage the pad when the wearer's head
is tipped back and the lower rear portion of the helmet is moved
downwardly and forwardly.
7. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pad is shaped
to stop against the occipital portion of the wearer's skull when
the wearer's head is tipped back a predetermined distance whereby
the occipital portion of the wearer's head is supported and stopped
against further backward tipping, said mounting means including a
hanger extending between the rear portion of the helmet and the pad
to suspend the pad from the helmet for free fore-and-aft swinging
and pivoting relative to the helmet and a pivot bearing carried by
the helmet to occur in spaced relationship rearward of the wearer's
neck and adapted to pivotally engage the pad when the wearer's head
is tipped back and the lower rear portion of the helmet is moved
downwardly and forwardly, said pad having a rigid backplate related
to the mounting means and a soft yielding pad with a curved neck
engaging front surface fixed to the plate.
Description
The instant invention has to do with the protection of a person's
neck and is more particularly concerned with neck and/or head
supporting means related to protective helmets such as are worn by
athletes, motorcyclists, race car drivers and the like, and which
is such that neck injuries, such as whiplash injuries, are not
likely to be sustained.
Throughout the sporting world, where head injuries are likely to be
sustained by participants in particular games, such as football, or
in particular events, such as automobile races, the use of
protective head gear is required. Such head gear, commonly referred
to as safety helmets, has become substantially standardized and
consists of substantially semispherical; downwardly and forwardly
opening shells of a suitable, rigid and durable material, such as a
high impact plastic or fiberglass impregnable resin. The shells are
provided with suitable padding about their interiors to occur
between the head and the shell and to engage on and about the head.
Such helmets are further provided with chin straps to releasably
secure them in position on the wearer's head and in some cases,
such as in the case of football helmets, are provided with face
guards of wire cagelike attachments to provide added protection for
the wearer's face.
While such safety helmets are extremely effective in protecting a
wearer's head against injury, they not only fail to protect the
wearer against serious neck injuries, but, in fact, materially
increase the possibility or likelihood of neck injuries. This is
due to the fact that such helmets provide no proper support for the
wearer's neck and head, but are supported wholly by the head,
through the neck, and serve to add increased weight, the mass
inertia of which, when set in motion, must be overcome by the neck
muscles of the wearer.
Further, in physical contact sports, such as football, the ordinary
helmet provides a means which is easily and readily engageable by
the hands of the wearer's opponents and by which the wearer's head
can, and frequently is, pulled, twisted and otherwise manipulated
in such a way as to result in injury to the neck.
Still further, the lower rear edge portion of the ordinary helmet
shell is subject to being urged into engagement with the back of
the wearer's neck and to cause serious neck injuries when the
helmet is urged upwardly, rearwardly and thence downwardly about
the wearer's head and about the pivotal axis of the helmet
established by the chinstrap thereof.
The safe tolerances for upward and rearward tipping and pivoting of
a person's head, from a normal upright position where the chin is
substantially horizontal, is represented by an elevation of the
chin a distance of between 2 and 3 inches, 3 inches being
considered maximum and possibly exceeding safe limits.
When the head is turned upwardly and rearwardly, the cervical
portion of the spine, that is, the neck portion of the spine made
up of the first seven articulatedly coupled vertebrae, yields and
bows rearwardly and the normally rearwardly projecting occipital
portion of the skull swings downwardly and forwardly relative to
the said cervical portion. When the cervical portion bows
rearwardly to its limits and its vertebrae stop and lock, all
forces that are exerted onto and through the head and which tend to
pivot it rearwardly are imposed upon the first or uppermost
vertebrae and, if excessive, displace or damage the first vertebrae
causing injury considerably more serious than a slight concussion
or scalp laceration.
Attempts to improve helmets so as to reduce the possibility of neck
injuries, such as referred to above have been made. Such attempts
have involved the application of a thick neck pad arranged in fixed
position within the lower rear portion of the helmet and adapted to
occur below the occipital portion of the skull and to engage the
back of the neck adjacent the upper two or three cervical vertebrae
when the head is turned or tipped back to its limit. While such a
neck pad is better than nothing, it tends to concentrate the forces
sought to be controlled onto the upper portion of the cervical and
to direct those forces upwardly and forwardly lifting the skull and
stretching the cervical in such a manner as to subject the cervical
vertebrae to easy displacement.
An object of my invention is to provide a neck-supporting pad
engageable with the rear of a person's neck, which pad is
substantially equal in longitudinal extent with the cervical of the
spine, has a front or forwardly disposed surface which is curved to
substantially the same curvature of the cervical when it is bowed
rearwardly to a predetermined extent and which has an upper end to
engage and support the occipital portion of the skull when the head
is tipped back.
Another object of this invention is to provide novel mounting means
for mounting my new neck-supporting pad to the lower rear portion
of a conventional safety helmet.
Still further, it is an object of the present invention to provide
mounting means for the pad which serve to pivotally support the pad
intermediate its upper and lower ends and which serve to direct
forces applied to the pad substantially radially of its curvature
and halfway between its ends whereby the cervical is supported
substantially uniformly throughout its vertical extent and is
relieved of forces which would subject the cervical to damage.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a pad-mounting
means of the general character referred to which includes hanger
means to normally hang and support the pad for free-swinging and
pivotal movement relative to the helmet whereby the pad will
normally lightly rest on the back of the wearer's neck and when the
wearer's head and the helmet are turned forwardly and downwardly
and so that the pad and mounting means therefor do not normally
create an undesirable obstruction and are not moved excessively and
into and out of engagement with the wearer's head and neck as the
wearer's head is turned back and forth.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a pad of the
character referred to wherein the neck-engaging pad is made of a
soft and/or resilient material and is provided with a substantial,
rigid rear carrier plate.
Finally, it is an object of the invention to provide a structure of
the character referred to which is easy and economical to
manufacture and install and a structure which is rugged, durable
and highly effective and dependable in operation.
The foregoing and other objects and features of my invention will
be fully understood from the following detailed description of
typical preferred forms and applications of my invention,
throughout which description reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a safety helmet with the neck pad
means provided by the present invention related to it and showing
it related to a wearer's head;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the structure in another
position;
FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view of the structure that I
provide;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of a portion of the
structure shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially as indicated by line
5-5 on FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially as indicated by line
6-6 on FIG. 4 of the drawings; and,
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing a modified carrying out
of the invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3 of the drawings, the neck pad P that
I provide is adapted to be related to a safety helmet S engageable
on the head H of a wearer W, to support the wearer's neck N.
The safety helmet S is shown as including a substantially
semispherical, downwardly and forwardly opening rigid shell
established of plastic, or the like, and has a lower edge with a
substantially horizontal, laterally or transversely extending,
lower rear edge portion 10, which normally occurs in rearward
spaced relationship from the occipital portion 11 of the wearer's
skull, lower side edge portions 12 which extend forwardly from the
rear edge portion, thence upwardly and thence forwardly again at
the opposite sides of the wearer's head and a substantially
horizontal, laterally or transversely extending lower front edge
portion 13 between the forward ends of the side edge portions, on a
plane spaced above the lower rear edge portion and spaced forwardly
of the forehead 14 of the wearer.
The several portions of the lower edge are curved to extend
substantially uniformly about the wearer's head and in practice are
rounded or provided with beads 15 to eliminate the presence of any
sharp and dangerous corners and the like.
The shell is substantially larger than the wearer's head and occurs
about the head in spaced relationship.
Within the shell, about the lower portion thereof, is an annular
headband 16 of padding carried by the shell by suitable straps and
adapted to fit snugly about the wearer's head. Suitable head crown
straps 17 are provided to engage the crown of the wearer's head to
fix vertical placement of the shell relative to the head.
In addition to the above, a crown pad 18 can be provided in the top
of the shell.
Finally, the helmet is provided with a substantially U-shaped,
flexible, downwardly and forwardly extending chinstrap 19 with ends
fixed to the lower, forward portions of the sides of the shell and
engageable under the wearer's chin to maintain the helmet against
displacement from the wearer's head.
The helmet construction illustrated in the drawings and described
above, is only illustrative and typical of the general type of
helmet construction with which the instant invention is concerned.
In practice, the helmet can vary widely in details of construction
without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The neck pad P is a unitary structure and is carried by and
cooperatively related to the helmet S by mounting means M.
The pad P is an elongate, vertically extending, substantially
rectangular structure bowed or curved vertically to define a convex
front surface 20, corresponding, generally, in longitudinal or
vertical extent and in curvature with the back of the wearer's neck
N, when the neck is bent back and the head is tipped up and back a
predetermined distance.
It is to be noted that the vertical extent or length of the pad and
the curvature thereof could be said to be the same as the cervical
portion X of the wearer's spine, however, this is not exactly
correct, as the pad is somewhat shorter than the cervical and is
curved about a shorter radius than the cervical. This is due to the
fact that the rear surface of the neck engaged by the pad is spaced
rearward of the cervical by a considerable amount of flesh and,
when the neck is bent in the manner set forth above, establishes a
tighter or smaller radius than the cervical itself. Accordingly,
the pad is proportioned to shape and fit the back of the neck when
curved backward to provide substantially full support to the
cervical.
In the preferred carrying out of the invention and as illustrated,
the pad has a soft, resilient body 21 of foam plastic, rubber or
the like, a stiff, substantially rigid backplate 22 and a leather,
plastic or knit fabric jacket or covering 23.
The mounting means M includes a central, downwardly and forwardly
extending arm 25 depending downwardly and forwardly from the
central portion of the lower rear edge portion 10 of the helmet
shell and defining a horizontal, transversely extending pivot
bearing 26, at its lower forward end occurring on a horizontal
plane substantially midway between the upper and lower ends of the
wearer's neck N and which normally pivotally engages the central
portion of the rear side 27 of the pad P.
In practice, the arm 25 can be a separate part fixed to the helmet,
as shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 of the drawings, or can be formed
integrally on the helmet shell, as illustrated in FIG. 7 of the
drawings.
In FIGS. 1 through 6 of the drawings, the upper end of the arm 25
is provided with a U-shaped saddlelike portion 28 engaged about the
lower edge portion of the helmet shell and fixed thereto by
suitable fastening means 29, such as rivets, screw fasteners or
snap fasteners, as desired or as circumstances require.
In addition to the above, the means M includes hanger means 30 for
supporting and carrying the pad P in predetermined vertical
position relative to the helmet and the wearer's neck and which
maintains the pad in proper position relative to the pivot bearing
26 on the arm 25.
The hanger means 30 includes an elongate flexible strap 31 with an
upper end fixed to the rear portion of the helmet shell, above the
arm 25 and a lower end fixed to the rear of the pad P, between its
upper and lower ends and preferably immediately above the point or
line along which the pivot bearing engages the pad and so that it
will not adversely affect the pivoting of the pad on or relative to
said pivot bearing.
In practice, the upper end of the strap 31 can be fixed to the
helmet by the fastening means 29, or, as in the form of the
invention shown in FIG. 7, by separate fastening means 29'. The
lower end of the strap 31 is fixed to the back plate 22 of the pad
P by fastening means 32, such as rivets or snap fasteners.
With the structure set forth above, it will be apparent that the
pad is supported for free-swinging and pivotal movement and such
that it can and will fit and nest in the curvature of the back of
the wearer's neck regardless and independently of the normal
movement and position of the helmet. It will be further apparent
that the pad is always in position for proper engagement against
the wearer's neck and that upon tipping back of the wearer's head
the pivot bearing 26 is moved forwardly into bearing engagement
with the central portion of the pad and urges it snugly against the
neck, providing the desired support.
The upper end of the pad, when the head is tipped back and the pad
is held tight against the back of the neck, bears against and
supports the occipital portion of the skull and stops further or
excessive and damaging backward pivoting of the head. The force
exerted downwardly through the pad, by the head, is distributed
downwardly through the arched pad and distributed into and through
the lower portion of the neck where it is most safely and
satisfactorily spent.
Having described only typical preferred forms and applications of
my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to the
specific details herein set forth, but wish to reserve to myself
any modifications and/or variations that may appear to those
skilled in the art and which fall within the scope of the following
claims:
* * * * *