U.S. patent number 3,590,914 [Application Number 04/862,832] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-06 for countercurrent flow plate-type heat exchanger with leak detector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Trane Company. Invention is credited to Franklin D. Duncan.
United States Patent |
3,590,914 |
Duncan |
July 6, 1971 |
COUNTERCURRENT FLOW PLATE-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH LEAK
DETECTOR
Abstract
A countercurrent flow plate-type heat exchanger having barrier
spaces between adjoining heat exchange passage and a header
conducting a heat exchange fluid other than that flowing through
said passage. The barrier spaces contain a corrugated metallic fin
material to impart structural continuity to the heat exchanger core
and to provide the heat-conducting link between adjacent
fluid-conducting passages. The various barrier spaces are placed in
fluid communication with a leak detection means by way of barrier
space headers.
Inventors: |
Duncan; Franklin D. (La Crosse,
WI) |
Assignee: |
The Trane Company (La Crosse,
WI)
|
Family
ID: |
25339489 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/862,832 |
Filed: |
October 1, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/166 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
3/005 (20130101); F28F 9/0268 (20130101); G01M
3/3227 (20130101); F28D 9/0068 (20130101); F28F
3/027 (20130101); F28F 2250/108 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
27/02 (20060101); F28D 9/00 (20060101); G01M
3/32 (20060101); F28F 27/00 (20060101); F28F
3/00 (20060101); F28F 3/02 (20060101); F28f
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/70,166 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matteson; Frederick L.
Assistant Examiner: Streule; Theophil W.
Claims
Having thus described one preferred embodiment of my invention, I
claim:
1. A plate-type countercurrent flow heat exchanger comprising a
plurality of metallic generally rectangular plates of similar
peripheral configuration contraposed in substantially parallel
spaced relationship thereby defining a plurality of spatial layers
therebetween; first sealing means sealingly bridging between and
extending along the margins of a first pair of adjacent plates to
thereby define a first passage for a first heat exchange fluid in a
first of said spatial layers; second sealing means sealingly
bridging between and extending along the margins of a second pair
of adjacent plates to thereby define a second passage for a second
heat exchange fluid in a second of said spatial layers; means
defining an inlet to said first passage an an outlet from said
second passage at one end of said heat exchanger; means defining an
outlet from said first passage and an inlet to said second passage
at the other end of said heat exchanger; a third of said spatial
layers being disposed intermediate said first and second pairs of
plates to thereby define a barrier space between said first and
second passages; a plurality of heat-transmitting metallic
ligaments extending through said barrier space and each brazed to
one plate of each of said first and second pairs of plates; and
means for detecting the passing of a fluid between at least one of
said first and second passages and said barrier space.
2. The apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein said ligaments are
the spans between the crests and valleys of a corrugated metallic
sheet.
3. A plate-type countercurrent heat exchanger comprising a
plurality of metallic generally rectangular plates of similar
peripheral configuration contraposed in substantially parallel
spaced relationship thereby defining a plurality of spatial layers
therebetween, first sealing means sealingly bridging between and
extending along the margins of a first pair of adjacent plates to
thereby define a first passage in a first of said spatial layers;
second sealing means sealingly bridging between and extending along
the margins of a second pair of adjacent plates to thereby define a
second passage in a second of said spatial layers; means defining
an inlet to said first passage and an outlet from said second
passage at one end of said heat exchanger; means defining an outlet
from said first passage and an inlet to said second passage at the
other end of said heat exchanger; a header, the interior of which
is in fluid communication with one of said inlet and outlet of said
first passage and in fluid communication with said second sealing
means externally of said second passage; third sealing means
sealingly bridging between the plates of said second pair of plates
from a point on said second sealing means at one side of said
header to another point on said second sealing means at the other
side of said header to thereby define a barrier space in said
second spatial layer between said second passage and said
header.
4. The apparatus as defined by claim 3 including means for
detecting the passing of a fluid between at least one of said first
and second passages and said barrier space.
5. The apparatus as defined by claim 3 wherein a third of said
spatial layers is disposed intermediate said first and second pairs
of plates to thereby define a second barrier space between said
first and second spatial layers.
6. The apparatus as defined by claim 5 including a header in fluid
communication with said first and second barrier spaces.
7. The apparatus as defined by claim 6 including means for
detecting the passing of a fluid between at least one of said first
and second passages and said first and second spaces.
8. A plate-type countercurrent flow heat exchanger comprising a
plurality of metallic generally rectangular plates of similar
peripheral configuration contraposed in a substantially parallel
spaced relationship thereby defining a plurality of spatial layers
therebetween; a first series of closing bars sealingly bridging
between and extending along the margins of a first pair of adjacent
plates to thereby define a first passage in a first of said spacial
layers; a second series of closing bars sealingly bridging between
and extending along the margins of a second pair of adjacent plates
to thereby define a second passage in a second of said spacial
layers; the ends of said closing bars of said first series being
spaced to define an inlet and an outlet for said first passage; the
ends of said closing bars of said second series being spaced to
define an inlet and an outlet for said second passage; said first
passage inlet and said second passage outlet being adjacent and
disposed at one end of said heat exchanger and said first passage
outlet and said second passage inlet being adjacent and disposed at
the other end of said heat exchanger whereby the relative flow
between the fluids in said first and second passages is
countercurrent; a header, the interior of which is in fluid
communication with one of said inlet and outlet of said first
passage and in fluid communication with a side of said second
series of closing bars externally of said second passage; an inner
closing bar sealingly bridging between the plates of said second
pair of adjacent plates from a point on said second series of
closing bars at one side of said header to another point on said
second series of closing bars at the other side of said header to
thereby define a barrier spaced in said second spacial layer
between said second passage and said header.
9. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein one end of said
inner closing bar and one end of the closing bar of said second
series underlying said header are spaced to provide an opening to
said barrier space.
10. The apparatus as defined by claim 8 including fin packing
within said barrier space intermediate said header and said inner
closing bar.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to metallic plate-type heat exchangers of
brazed construction having fin packing within the passages thereof
for conducting heat and providing structural continuity to the heat
exchanger core. More specifically, this invention relates to a
countercurrent flow plate-type heat exchanger for first and second
heat exchange fluids wherein it is desired to maintain separation
of the first and second heat exchange fluids despite leaking of one
or both of the heat exchange fluid passages.
Heretofore heat exchangers have been provided with barrier spaces
and leak detection means. However, the known barrier and leak
detection means used on other types of heat exchangers are not
readily applicable to countercurrent heat exchangers of the plate
type.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The barrier spaces provided in the heat exchanger herein disclosed
have the additional function of providing structural continuity and
heat conductivity between the relatively thin but wide heat
exchange fluid passages. The instant invention is particularly
useful countercurrent flow plate-type heat exchangers.
It is thus an object of this invention to provide means for
receiving heat exchange fluids which may leak from either of the
heat exchange countercurrent flow passages and for preventing such
fluid from leaking into the other of said such heat exchange
passages. It is a further object of this invention to prevent leaks
from any of the heat exchange passages into the headers conducting
another heat exchange fluid.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide an
integral barrier system between the heat exchange passages that can
be incorporated into plate-type countercurrent flow heat exchanger
which is formed by furnace or bath brazing.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a barrier
system for a plate-type countercurrent flow heat exchanger which
system may be connected to similar systems of other plate-type heat
exchangers within a heat exchanger battery without the loss of
integrity of the barrier system .
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The structural means to achieve these objectives will be apparent
from the detailed description of the invention with the
accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective of a heat exchanger incorporating the
instant invention and wherein the barrier system thereof is
connected to a means for detecting the presence of heat exchange
fluid within the barrier spaces;
FIG. 2 is a vertical section through one of the heat exchange fluid
passages taken at line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section through another of the heat exchange
fluid passages taken at line 3-3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a vertical section through a barrier space intermediate
the heat exchange fluid passages of FIGS. 2 and 3 taken at line 4-4
of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a perspective of a portion of the heat exchanger of FIG.
1 showing a portion of the corrugated metallic porous sheet
material which is disposed within the heat exchanger fluid passages
and barrier spaces.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings it will be seen that countercurrent
flow heat exchanger 10 has a core 12 comprised of a plurality of
metallic plate 14 of the same peripheral rectangular configuration
and contraposed in spaced parallel relationship.
The spaces 16 between certain plates 14 are bound at the edges of
plates 14 by a top closing bar 18, a first side closing bar 20, a
second side closing bar 22 and a bottom closing bar 24 as most
clearly seen in FIG. 2. The adjacent ends of bars 18 and 20 are
spaced to define a first fluid inlet 26 to space 16. The adjacent
ends of bars 22 and 24 are spaced to define a first fluid outlet 28
from space 16. Disposed within space 16 adjacent each of inlet 26
and outlet 28 is a small triangular section 30 of porous corrugated
metallic sheet fin material 32 having crests extending vertically.
Disposed laterally of each triangular section 30 is a larger
triangular section 34 of corrugated metallic sheet fin material 32
having crests extending diagonally. A large rectangular section 36
of corrugated metallic sheet fin material 32 having crests
extending vertically is disposed between triangular sections
34.
Disposed within the space bounded by closing bars 18, 20, 24, and
22 is an inner closing bar 38 extending along the upper edge of
upper triangular fin section 34 between the upper end of side
closing bar 22 and the end of top closing bar 18 adjacent inlet
opening 26. A triangular section 40 of corrugated metallic sheet
fin material 32 having crests extending horizontally is disposed
within the space 16 intermediate inner closing bar 38 and top
closing bar 18. Closing bars 18 and 38 are spaced at their ends
adjacent the upper end of closing bar 22 to provide an opening 42
communicating with the space 44 between closing bars 18 and 38.
Disposed within the space bounded by closing bars 18, 20, 24, and
22 is an inner closing bar 46 extending along the lower edge of
lower triangular fin section 34 between the lower end of side
closing bar 20 and the end of bottom closing bar 24 adjacent outlet
opening 28. A triangular section 48 of corrugated metallic sheet
fin material 32 having crests extending horizontally is disposed
within the space 16 intermediate inner closing bar 46 and bottom
closing bar 24. Closing bars 24 and 46 are spaced at their ends
adjacent the lower end of closing bar 20 to provide an opening 50
communicating with the space 52 between closing bars 24 and 46.
The spaces 17 between certain plates 14 are bound at the edges of
plates 14 by a top closing bar 19, a first side closing bar 21, a
second side closing bar 23 and a bottom closing bar 25 as most
clearly seen in FIG. 3. The adjacent ends of bars 19 and 21 are
spaced to define a second fluid outlet 27 to space 17. The adjacent
ends of bars 23 and 25 are spaced to define a second fluid inlet 29
from space 17. Disposed within space 17 adjacent each of outlet 27
and inlet 29 is a small triangular section 31 of corrugated
metallic sheet fin material 32 having crests extending vertically.
Disposed laterally of each triangular section 31 is a larger
triangular section 33 of corrugated metallic sheet fin material 32
having crests extending diagonally. A large rectangular section 35
of corrugated metallic sheet fin material 32 having crests
extending vertically is disposed between triangular sections
33.
Disposed within the space bounded by closing bars 19, 21, 25, and
23 is an inner closing bar 37 extending along the upper edge of
upper triangular fin section 33 between the upper end of side
closing bar 23 and the end of top closing bar 19 adjacent outlet
opening 27. A triangular section 39 of corrugated metallic sheet
fin material 32 having crests extending horizontally is disposed
within the space 17 intermediate interclosing bar 37 and top
closing bar 19. Closing bars 19 and 37 are spaced at their ends
adjacent the upper end of closing bar 23 to provide an opening 41
communicating with the space 43 between closing bars 19 and 37.
Disposed within the space bounded by closing bars 19, 21, 25, and
23 is an inner closing bar 45 extending along the lower edge of
lower triangular fin section 33 between the lower end of side
closing bar 21 and the end of bottom closing bar 25 adjacent inlet
opening 29. A triangular section 47 of corrugated metallic sheet
fin material 32 having crests extending horizontally is disposed
within the space 17 intermediate inner closing bar 45 and bottom
closing bar 25. Closing bars 25 and 45 are spaced at their ends
adjacent the lower end of closing bar 21 to provide an opening 49
communicating with the space 51 between closing bars 25 and 45.
The spaces 53 between certain plates 14 are bound at the edges of
plates 14 by a top closing bar 54, a first side closing bar 55, a
second side closing bar 56, and a bottom closing bar 57, as most
clearly seen in FIG. 4. The adjacent ends of closing bars 54 and
55, 54 and 56, 55 and 57, and 56 and 57 are spaced to define
openings 58, 59, 60, and 61 respectively into space 53. Disposed
adjacent each of openings 58, 59, 60, and 61 is a triangular
section 62 of corrugated metallic sheet fin material 32 having
crests extending horizontally. Disposed immediately below each
upper pair of triangular sections 62 and immediately above each
pair of lower triangular sections 62 is a large triangular section
63 of corrugated metallic sheet fin material 32 having crests
extending vertically. Intermediate upper fin section 63 and lower
fin section 63 is a large rectangular section 64 of corrugated
metallic sheet fin material 32.
The heat exchanger 10 has a first fluid inlet header 65 overlying
inlet openings 26 and a first fluid outlet header 66 underlying
outlet openings 28 to permit passage of a first heat exchange fluid
to and from the core 12. Heat exchanger 10 also has a second fluid
inlet header 67 underlying inlet openings 29 and a second fluid
outlet header 68 overlying outlet openings 27. Heat exchanger 10
has a first leak detection side header 69 overlying openings 42 and
59, a second leak detection side header 70 overlying openings 41
and 58, a third leak detection side header 71 overlying openings 49
and 61, and a fourth leak detection side header 72 overlying
openings 50 and 60.
The aforedescribed closing bars, sections of porous corrugated
metallic fin material and headers are brazed together as an
integral unit. The closing bars thus sealingly bridge between
adjacent plates 14 while the corrugated fin material provide
structural and thermal ligaments connecting between adjacent
plates. The corrugated fin material also provides a thermal path
from the spaces 16 and 17 to the adjacent plates.
Thus during operation a first heat exchange fluid is passed from
header 65 into inlet openings 26 through a first passage 73
including upper fin section 30, upper fin section 34, rectangular
fin section 36, lower fin section 34, and lower fin section 30 from
whence the first heat exchange fluid is discharged from outlet
openings 28 into header 66. A second heat exchange fluid is
conducted from header 67 through inlet openings 29 through a second
passage 74 including lower fin section 31, lower fin section 33,
rectangular fin section 35, upper fin section 33, and upper fin
section 31 from whence the second heat exchange fluid is discharged
through outlet openings 27 into outlet header 68. The first and
second heat exchange passages are separated by a space 53. However,
heat is exchanged between the first and second passages via a path
including rectangular fin section 36, a first of plates 14, a
rectangular section 64, a second of plates 14, and rectangular
section 35.
Spaces 43, 44, 51, and 52 are substantially inactive areas isolated
from the paths of the heat exchange fluids through the heat
exchanger inner closing bars 37, 38, 45, and 46 respectively. Since
these areas are not within the direct flow path between the inlet
and outlet of their respective passage, it is difficult to remove
residual brazing flux from these areas. Residual brazing flux in
certain types of heat exchangers such as those constructed of
aluminum, can cause sufficient corrosion so that the heat exchanger
may develop leaks between the passages after a period of use. These
leak passages, whatever their cause, may extend through the plates
14 or simply around a closing bar such as 18, 24, 19, or 25; to a
header such as 68, 67, 65, or 66 respectfully.
In order to detect any interpassage leaks, that is leaks between
the first passage 73 and the second passage 74, the heat exchanger
10 is provided with a complete interpassage leak barrier system.
Thus it will be apparent from the structure herein disclosed that
the interpassage spaces 53 are in fluid communication with the
spaces 44 via header 69, with the spaces 43 via header 70, with the
spaces 52 via header 72, and with the spaces 51 via header 71.
Conversely, all of the spaces barrier 43, 44, 51, and 52 are in
fluid communication with barrier space 53 which in turn is in fluid
communication with conduit 75 via header 71.
Thus either of the heat exchange fluids which might leak into the
barrier spaces is conducted through conduit 75 and pumped by pump
76 to a vessel 77 provided with a float switch 78. As the leaking
fluid fills the vessel, float switch 78 is closed to energize an
electric circuit including in series a potential source 79 an
indicator light 80 and a switch 78. Leaking of either of the heat
exchange fluids into the other of the heat exchange fluids is
prevented and internal leaking from one of the passages will be
indicated by light 80.
While I have disclosed only a simple leak-sensing means, it should
be appreciated that the pump 76, vessel 77, float switch 78 and
circuit including potential source 79 and light 80 may be replaced
by any device capable of sensing the presence of one or both of the
particular heat exchange fluids being conducted through heat
exchanger 10.
In the alternative it will be appreciated that a fluid under higher
pressure than either of the heat exchange fluids may be maintained
in the barrier spaces. Leakage of this barrier space fluid into
either of the heat exchange fluids may be detected by conventional
means.
* * * * *