U.S. patent number 3,589,588 [Application Number 04/841,307] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-29 for impact tool.
Invention is credited to George O. Vasku.
United States Patent |
3,589,588 |
Vasku |
June 29, 1971 |
IMPACT TOOL
Abstract
A hand-held impact tool usable, for example, as a nailing
machine is disclosed. The tool includes a hammer which is retracted
by means of an electric motor to compress a spring. A gear, driven
by the motor, is caused to disengage from the hammer upon
retraction thereof to permit forward movement of the hammer under
the pressure of the compressed spring. Switch means are provided to
prevent a repeat of the operating cycle except upon manual release
and depression of a trigger. A fastener-feeding structure is
detachably secured to the impact tool. Provision is made for
changing the hammer and fastener-feeder magazine to permit use of
different size and shape fasteners such as nails and staples.
Inventors: |
Vasku; George O. (Orchard Lake,
MI) |
Family
ID: |
25284533 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/841,307 |
Filed: |
July 14, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
227/132; 227/131;
227/109 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25C
1/06 (20130101); B25C 1/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25C
1/00 (20060101); B25C 1/06 (20060101); B25c
001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;227/109,131,132,146 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Custer, Jr.; Granville Y.
Claims
What I claim as my invention is:
1. An impact tool comprising a hammer reciprocably mounted to
deliver an operating blow, an electric motor, a drive train between
the motor and the hammer to move the hammer in a predetermined
hammer movement in one direction upon energization of the motor,
said drive train being disconnected from said hammer upon
completion of the movement of said hammer in said one direction,
spring means compressed by the hammer upon movement in said one
direction and effective to drive said hammer in the other direction
to deliver an operating blow when said drive train is disconnected
from said hammer, and switch means interposed between said hammer
and said motor and responsive to the movement of said hammer in
said other direction to deenergize the motor.
2. An impact tool as defined in claim 1, and further characterized
in that said drive train includes a gear having teeth for only a
portion of the periphery thereof, a gear rack connected to said
hammer and having teeth engageable with the teeth of said gear,
said gear being driven by said electric motor when the motor is
energized to engage the gear rack and move the hammer in said one
direction, the teeth of said gear disengaging the gear rack at the
end of said predetermined hammer movement in said one
direction.
3. An impact tool as defined in claim 2, and further characterized
in that said gear has two sets of diametrically opposed teeth on
the periphery thereof, a space being provided on said gear between
the beginning and end of each set of teeth.
4. An impact tool as defined in claim 2, and further characterized
in that said switch means comprises a limit switch placed in the
path of said rack, the limit switch having a plunger engageable
with said rack near the end of said predetermined hammer movement
and to be actuated to operate said limit switch and deenergize the
motor when said hammer is moved in said other direction.
5. An impact tool as defined in claim 4, and further characterized
in that said limit switch has a pair of sets of contacts, one set
of said contacts being closed by actuation of said plunger and the
other set of said contacts being opened thereby, a manually
actuable switch having a pair of sets of contacts and means to
manually open one set of said contacts and close the other set of
said contacts, one of each of said sets of contacts of each of said
switches being in series with one set of contacts of the other
switch and in parallel with the other set of contacts of said other
switch, and in series with said electric motor whereby said
electric motor is energized by closure of two sets of said contacts
which are in series and deenergized by opening the closed contacts
of the limit switch.
6. An impact tool as defined in claim 2, and further characterized
in the provision of a casing having a portion with a longitudinal
bore therethrough, said hammer, rack and spring being positioned in
said bore, said casing including a portion enclosing the motor and
gear train, opening means between said casing portions for ingress
of the teeth of said gear for engagement with the rack.
7. An impact tool as defined in claim 2 wherein a fastener feeder
structure is detachably connected thereto, said fastener feeder
structure including means to feed a fastener into the path of
movement of said hammer upon movement thereof in said one direction
and for driving contact with said hammer when the latter is moved
in said other direction.
8. An impact tool as defined in claim 7, and further characterized
in the provision of a casing enclosing said hammer and associated
structure, said fastener-feeding structure including a casing, and
detachable fastening means securing the two casings together.
9. An impact tool as defined in claim 8, and further characterized
in that said fastener casing includes an elongated storage chamber
positioned at substantially right angles to the path of movement of
said hammer, a slot in said fastener casing in alignment with the
hammer to receive the hammer upon movement thereof towards the slot
to drive a fastener out of the fastener structure, and spring-urged
means to move fasteners contained within the storage chamber into
the slot.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Numerous impact tools for use in driving nails, staples and for
providing impact on workpieces, have been proposed in the past.
There has been a need for a versatile, safe and efficient
all-around impact tool which has not been supplied by the prior
art. One problem in the prior art has been repeat hammering, that
is, the hammer of the impact tool has operated continuously upon
actuation of switch means. The present invention provides a device
which avoids hammer repeat for the purpose of safety.
Another problem with prior art devices has been their complexity.
The present invention provides a structure which comprises a
simplified operating mechanism. The device is electrically powered
and is reliable in use.
One additional feature lacking in some prior art devices is
provision for change in the type of fastener-feeding structure
utilized with the device. The present invention provides a casing
structure and hammer head and magazine structure which permits
interchanging of different hammer head and magazine structure to
permit the impact tool to operate on nails and staples and the like
having different sizes, shapes and weights.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The impact tool comprises a hammer which is reciprocably mounted to
deliver an operating blow. An electric motor is operably connected
to a drive train which in turn is operably connected to the hammer
to move the hammer in one direction upon energization of the motor.
Spring means are compressed by the hammer upon movement of the
hammer in said one direction. Means are provided to disconnect the
hammer from the drive train at the end of the predetermined hammer
movement in said one direction, whereupon the hammer is driven in
the other direction by the spring means to deliver an operating
blow. Switch means are provided to deenergize the motor immediately
after the hammer is driven in said other direction.
The drive train includes a gear having teeth over only a portion of
the periphery thereof which mesh with the teeth of a rack connected
to the hammer. The gear teeth disengage the rack at the end of
hammer retraction to permit forward movement of the hammer under
the power of the spring means. Switching means are provided to
deenergize the motor immediately after the termination of hammer
movement and to prevent reenergization of the motor until positive
manual switching action has taken place. A fastener-feeding
structure is detachably secured to the impact tool. Various feeding
structures may be used depending upon the shape and size of the
fasteners to be driven.
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view partly in section of an impact
tool forming one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 2-2
of FIG. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows illustrating the
nail-feeding structure of the impact tool;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 3-3
of FIG. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows illustrating the
hammer of the impact tool after it has driven a nail into a pair of
wooden members;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the
line 4-4 of FIG. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows
illustrating the nail-feeding structure;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 5-5
of FIG. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows illustrating the
drive train of the impact tool;
FIG. 6 is a view taken substantially along the line 6-6 of FIG. 1
looking in the direction of the arrows illustrating the hammer
structure and drive train;
FIG. 7 is a view taken substantially along the line 7-7 of FIG. 1
looking in the direction of the arrows illustrating the drive
train;
FIG. 8 is a view in perspective of the type of nail utilized in the
present embodiment of the impact tool;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the electrical switch system
illustrated in one open position;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the electrical switching system
illustrating one closed position to supply power to the driving
motor; and
FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating the electrical switching
system in a second open position.
The impact tool 10 comprises a casing 12 which encloses an electric
motor 14, drive train 16 and hammer structure 18. A nail-feeding
structure 20 is detachably fastened to the forward end of the
casing 12.
The lower portion of the casing 12 is fashioned in the shape of a
pistol, having a hand-engageable pistol grip 22 with a trigger 24
for closing a circuit through the motor 14 to energize the motor
and actuate the device. An electric cord 26 is provided for
connection to a source of electric power. The cord 26 extends
through the grip 22 and is ultimately connected, through a
switching system, to the motor 14.
The output shaft 28 of the motor has secured thereto a helical gear
30. The gear 30 meshes with a gear 32 of smaller diameter which is
rotatably mounted on a shaft 34. As will be noted in FIG. 6, an
interior projection 36 is provided within the casing 12 for
mounting of the shafts which support the gears 30, 32.
The gear 32 meshes with a similar gear 38 fixedly secured to a
shaft 40 which is journaled for rotation between bearing structures
42, 44. The gear 38 meshes with a gear 39 fixedly mounted on a
shaft 41 journaled in bearings 43, 45. The shaft 41 has fixedly
mounted thereon a worm 46 which engages and drives worm wheel 48.
The worm wheel 48 is fixedly mounted on a shaft 50 which is
journaled in bearing structures 52, 54 provided on oppositely
disposed casing sidewalls 56, 57 as may be noted in FIG. 5.
The shaft 50 also fixedly carries a spur-type gear 60 adjacent to
the worm wheel 48. The gear 60 has a set of oppositely disposed
teeth 62, 64 each of which sets extends over an arc of
approximately 90.degree.. The sets of teeth 62, 64 are designed to
alternately engage the teeth of a slidable rack 66 as the shaft 50
is rotated. The rack 66 is slidably mounted in a bore 68 provided
in the upper barrellike portion 70 of the casing 12. A cylindrical
metallic sleeve 72 is provided to line the interior of the bore 68
and acts as a bearing surface. A notch 74 is cut into the portion
70 to provide access for contact of the rack 66 and teeth 62,
64.
The rack 66 has a central recess 76 therein to receive one end of a
coil spring 78. The other end of the spring 78 is received in bore
portion 80 which is of reduced diameter with respect to the bore
68. When the rack 66 is driven rearwardly of the device as viewed
in FIG. 1, the spring 78 is compressed to store energy for forward
driving of the rack-and-hammer structure 18.
The hammer structure 18 includes a hammer 82 comprising an enlarged
circular or round head 84 having extending therefrom an elongated
flat strip element 86 of rectangular cross section as shown in FIG.
2. The head 84 is received in a reentrant groove 88 provided in the
forward wall 90 of the rack 66. As will be noted in FIGS. 3 and 6,
the strip 86 which is of rectangular cross section engages the
sidewalls of slot portion 92 formed in the forward wall of rack 66.
The strip 86 extends from the rack 66 into an elongated
rectangular-shaped slot 94 formed in the feeding structure 20, as
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, with the surfaces of the strip 86 in
contact with the surfaces defining the slot 94. As will be
appreciated, upon movement of the rack 66 rearwardly, the strip 86
is moved rearwardly in the slot 94 to permit loading of a nail
thereinto for driving purposes. Upon completion of the rearward
movement of rack 66, the strip 86 of hammer 82 is still in
engagement with the surfaces defining slot portion 92 and slot 94
thereby preventing rack 66 from turning.
The nail-feeding structure 20 is best illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and
4. The nail-feeding structure 20 comprises a fixed substantially
U-shaped casing portion 96 which is secured to the forward portion
of the casing 12 and a pivotal casing portion 98 which is also
substantially U-shaped. The pivotal casing portion 98 is secured to
the fixed casing 96 by means of a pin 100. The pivotal casing
portion 98 may be pivoted downwardly as shown in FIG. 1 for loading
of nails thereinto.
The pivotal casing portion 98 is configured to receive a nail such
as the nail 102 shown in FIG. 8. The nail 102 comprises an
elongated portion 104 which is driven into a wood piece by means of
the impact tool 10. A bentover portion 106 forms the nail head. The
nails 102 are received in the pivotal portion 98 with the elongated
portion 104 extending for substantially the width of the casing and
the head 106 oriented to be received within the recess defined by
angular walls 108, 110 provided along the rearward side of the
pivotal casing portion 98.
The fixed casing portion 96 has one relatively wide sidewall 112
which overlaps the pivotal casing portion 98. The other sidewall
114 extends up to the angular wall 110. A right-angle portion 116
extends therefrom to overlap the wall 110.
A roller 118 is provided within the casing portion 96 adjacent to
the upper end thereof. An elongated tension-spring element 120
extends around the roller 118. One leg 122 of the spring 120 is
fixedly attached to a projection 124 provided adjacent the lower
end of the casing. The other leg 126 is attached to a projection
128 which extends from a pusher element 130 which is slidably
received within the pivotal casing portion 98. As will be noted in
FIG. 4, oppositely disposed grooves are provided in the sidewalls
of the casing portion 98 to receive projections 132, 134 of the
pusher element 130 to guide the pusher element up and down within
the casing. A front wall portion 136 of the pusher element is bent
over to be received in the same recess as the nail heads for the
purpose of guiding the pusher element. In operation, the spring 120
constantly urges the pusher element 130 upwardly to position nails
within the slot 94 for action thereupon by the hammer 82.
FIG. 9, 10 and 11 illustrate the electrical circuitry for
energizing and deenergizing the electric motor 14 in operation of
the impact tool 10. A pair of leads 138, 140 extend from the motor
14 to a source of electrical power. Two double-throw, double-pole
switches 142, l44 are placed in parallel in leads 146, 148 having
common connection points 150, 152 to lead 140. One set of contacts
154 of the switch 142 is placed in series with one set of contacts
156 of the switch 144 in the lead 146. The other set of contacts
158 of the switch 142 is placed in series with the other set of
contacts 160 of the switch 144 in lead 148. The switch 142 is
operated by the trigger 24. The switch 144, which is a limit
switch, is actuated by the rack 66 immediately after reaching the
end of its rearward stroke. As will be noted in FIG. 1, the plunger
162 is in registry with the rack 66 and is depressed thereby at the
end of the rearward stroke of the rack at which time the last tooth
62 of gear 60 is disengaged from the rack 66. As a result the rack
66 is urged by spring 78 in its forward stroke and the plunger 162,
previously depressed, is released upon the forward movement or
stroke of rack 66 to actuate the switch 144.
In operation, when the motor 14 is deenergized, the contacts of the
switches 142, 144 which are in series are not closed. For example,
as shown in FIG. 9, the contacts 154 of switch 142 are closed while
the contacts 160 of switch 144 are closed. As a consequence, one
side of the motor 14 is not connected to power and the motor is
deenergized. Upon actuation of the trigger 24, the contacts 158 of
the switch 142 will be closed (FIG. 10) thus completing a circuit
through the motor 14 to energize the motor. The motor, upon being
energized, will cause the rack 66 to be moved rearwardly as a
result of the rotation of the gear 60. Upon rearward movement of
the rack, the spring 78 is compressed. At the same time, the hammer
82 is moved rearwardly in the slot 94 as explained previously
thereby permitting a nail to be injected into the slot 94 from the
nail-feeding structure 20.
The rack 66, upon reaching the end of its stroke, will depress the
plunger 162. Simultaneously, with depression of the plunger 162,
the last tooth of the set of teeth 62 will disengage from the rack
66, leaving the rack free for forward travel. The spring 78 will
then drive the rack forwardly with great power. Immediately after
the rack starts its forward stroke, the plunger 162 is released
thereby opening the contacts 160 and closing the contacts 156 of
the switch 144 (FIG. 11). This causes deenergization of the motor
14. The hammer 82 will drive the nail 102 out of the slot 94 and
into the parts 164, 166 to be nailed together as illustrated in
FIG. 3.
In order to repeat the process, the trigger 24 must be released and
depressed again in order to close the contacts 154 of switch 142
which are in series with the closed contacts 156 of the switch
144.
Means are provided for quickly and efficiently changing the
nail-feeding structure 20 so that different sizes of nails or
staples may be utilized with the impact tool 10. In order to remove
the nail-feeding structure illustrated, a setscrew 168, as shown in
FIG. 1, which is provided in a threaded opening in the forward
portion of the casing portion 70, is threaded into engagement with
the teeth of the rack 66 thus holding the rack in place. The screws
170 (FIG. 2) are then unthreaded. The nail-feeding structure 20
(including the hammer 82) may then be slid out of engagement with
the casing 12. A new feeding structure is then engaged and the
screws 170 rethreaded to secure the unit in place. The setscrew 168
is then unthreaded to disengage the rack 66. The impact tool 10 is
then ready for use with the new feeding structure.
The impact tool 10 has been described specifically in connection
with use as a means for automatically driving nails. However, the
impact tool may be used to drive other fastening devices.
Alternately, the hammer portion of the impact tool may be used for
any purpose in which it is desired to strike a powerful hammer blow
on a workpiece.
* * * * *