U.S. patent number 3,589,370 [Application Number 04/734,975] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-29 for electronic muscle stimulator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Medical Biological Instrumentation Limited. Invention is credited to Michael McDonald.
United States Patent |
3,589,370 |
McDonald |
June 29, 1971 |
ELECTRONIC MUSCLE STIMULATOR
Abstract
An electric circuit arrangement for an electric muscle
stimulator comprising a surging waveform generator, a pulse
generator of higher frequency than the surging waveform generator,
and a gating circuit connected to the surging waveform generator
and the pulse generator and from which bursts of unidirectional
pulses are obtained, the repetition frequency of the bursts being
that of the surging waveform generator. A transformer has at least
one primary winding and at least one secondary winding, the latter
being connected to an electric muscle stimulator, and each burst of
pulses is applied to the primary winding so that each successive
pulse in each burst is an antiphase to its immediately preceding
pulse thereby producing bursts of bidirectional pulses in the
secondary winding.
Inventors: |
McDonald; Michael (Kent,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Medical Biological Instrumentation
Limited (Kent, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
34259833 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/734,975 |
Filed: |
June 6, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 9, 1967 [GB] |
|
|
26803/67 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
607/70;
331/113R |
Current CPC
Class: |
H03K
3/64 (20130101); A61N 1/36034 (20170801); A61N
1/36003 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61N
1/36 (20060101); H03K 3/00 (20060101); H03K
3/64 (20060101); A61n 001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/421,422,423 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A circuit arrangement for an electric muscle stimulator
including:
a. a surging waveform generator, an output to the surging waveform
generator;
b. a pulse generator of higher repetition frequency than said
surging waveform generator, and output to the pulse generator;
c. a bistable circuit connecting said pulse generator output, and
first and second outputs to said bistable circuit;
d. means for producing burst of unidirectional pulse generator
pulses, said means comprising first and second transistors; base
and collector electrodes to each transistor, the base electrode of
said first transistor connected to both said first bistable circuit
output and said pulse generator output, the base electrode of said
second transistor connected to both said second bistable circuit
output and said pulse generator output, said surging waveform
generator output connected to both said collector electrodes;
e. a pair of muscle-stimulating electrodes; and
f. a transformer having a primary winding in the form of first and
second parts connected in antiphase and a secondary winding
connected to said pair of electrodes, said first part connected to
said collector electrode of said first transistor, said second part
connected to said collector electrode of said second transistor,
whereby the output across said secondary winding comprises a train
of pulse generator pulses of alternate polarity whose amplitude is
controlled by the instantaneous amplitude of the output of the
surging waveform generator.
2. A circuit arrangement for an electric muscle stimulator,
including:
a. a surging waveform generator;
b. an output to said surging waveform generator;
c. a pulse generator;
d. first and second outputs to said pulse generator;
e. means connected to said surging waveform generator output and to
said first output for producing bursts of unidirectional pulse
generator pulses, the repetition frequency of the bursts being that
of the waveform generator;
f. a pair of muscle-stimulating electrodes;
g. an output transformer;
h. a primary winding and a secondary winding to the transformer,
said secondary winding being connected to said muscle-stimulating
electrodes; and
i. means for applying the pulses of each burst in antiphase to each
other to said primary winding comprising a double-pole,
double-throw switch, moving contacts of said switch connected to
said primary winding, fixed contacts of said switch connected to
said means for producing bursts of unidirectional pulses; and a
delay and switch control circuit connected to said second output of
the pulse generator, said delay and switch control circuit
controlling the actuation of said moving contacts in accordance
with the pulse generator output; whereby the output across said
secondary winding comprises a train of pulse generator pulses of
alternate polarity whose amplitude is controlled by the
instantaneous amplitude of the output of the surging waveform
generator.
3. A circuit arrangement for an electric muscle stimulator,
including:
a. a surging waveform generator;
b. an output to said surging waveform generator;
c. a pulse generator;
d. first and second outputs to pulse generator;
e. means connected to said surging waveform generator output and to
said first output for producing bursts of unidirectional pulse
generator pulses, the repetition frequency of the bursts being that
of the waveform generator;
f. a pair of muscle-stimulating electrodes;
g. an output of transformer;
h. a primary winding comprising two parts connected in antiphase
and a secondary winding to the transformer; said secondary winding
connected to said muscle-stimulating electrodes;
i. means for applying the pulses on each burst in antiphase to each
other and to said primary winding comprising a delay circuit
connected to said second output of the pulse generator, a switch
connected to said means for producing said bursts of unidirectional
pulses and to said delay circuit, and first and second outputs of
said switch connected to respective parts of said primary winding;
whereby the output across said secondary winding comprises a train
of pulse generator pulses of alternate polarity whose amplitude is
controlled by the instantaneous amplitude of the output of the
surging waveform generator.
4. An electric circuit arrangement for developing signals for use
with an electric muscle stimulator, comprising, in combination:
a. a surging waveform generator;
b. an output to said surging waveform generator;
c. a pulse generator for producing unidirectional pulses;
d. a first output to said pulse generator;
e. means connected to said surging waveform generator output and to
said first output for producing bursts of unidirectional pulse
generator pulses, the repetition frequency of the bursts being that
of the surging waveform generator;
f. a pair of muscle-stimulating electrodes;
g. an output transformer;
h. at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding
to the transformer, said secondary winding connected to said
muscle-stimulating electrodes; and
i. means for applying each burst of pulses to said primary winding
so that each successive pulse in each burst is in antiphase to its
immediately preceding pulse thereby producing burst of
bidirectional pulses in said secondary winding.
5. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 4, further comprising
a second output to said pulse generator, and a bistable circuit
connected to said second output of the pulse generator and to said
means for producing bursts of unidirectional pulses.
6. A circuit arrangement as claimed in claim 5, in which said means
for producing bursts of unidirectional pulses comprises a gating
circuit having two outputs, and in which the primary winding
comprises two parts connected in antiphase to the outputs of the
gating circuit.
Description
This invention relates to electric circuit arrangements for
developing signals which may be used in an apparatus for
stimulating muscles. These signals may be used therapeutically to
stimulate muscles causing them to contract, as in normal exercise,
and hence eventually to improve their "tone" or condition.
The degree of contraction of muscles thus stimulated depends to
some extent upon the polarity of the signals applied to them and it
is possible for a condition to arise when the stimulating signal is
applied symmetrically from a pair of electrodes in which the
contractions which are produced are not symmetrical, due it is
believed, to a kind of polarizing effect.
The present invention is concerned with the provision of circuit
arrangements, the use of which makes the occurrence of this
condition less likely.
According to the present invention there is provided a circuit
arrangement for an electric muscle stimulator including a surging
waveform generator, a pulse generator, a gating circuit, a
connection between the output from each of the two generators to
the gating circuit, an output transformer, and a connection to the
input of the transformer from the output from the gating circuit,
the gating circuit being controlled by the surging waveform
generator in such a way that the output from the gating circuit
includes signals at the pulse generator frequency in bursts which
are controlled in accordance with the output of the surging
waveform generator, and the transformer being so arranged and
connected that the output from the transformer includes alternate
pulses of opposite polarity at the pulse generator frequency.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference
to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a block schematic diagram of one circuit
arrangement;
FIG. 2 shows the waveforms of signals occurring at various points
in the arrangement of FIG. 1;
FIG, 3 shows the detailed circuit of a part of the arrangement
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows the waveforms of signals occurring at various points
in the circuit of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 shows a block schematic diagram of another circuit
arrangement;
FIG. 6 shows a detailed circuit of the arrangement illustrated in
FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows the waveform of signals occurring at various points in
the circuit of FIG. 6; and
FIG. 8 shows a block schematic diagram of a further circuit
arrangement.
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a surging waveform generator 1
the output of which is applied to a mixer stage 2 via a lead 3. An
output from a square wave generator 4 is also applied to the mixer
stage 2 via a lead 5. The output from the mixer stage is applied
via a lead 6 to an output stage 7. Referring to FIG. 2 there is
shown at (a) the output from the surging waveform generator 1 and
at (b), to a much larger scale, the output from the square wave
generator 4. The output from the output stage 7, which is shown at
(c) in FIG. 2, is unidirectional and when applied to muscles in
this form it can result in the production of contractions which are
not symmetrical.
In the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 however, the output from the
stage 7 is connected via a lead 8 to a switch 9 controlled by a
signal from the square wave generator 4 applied via a lead 10, a
delay circuit 11 and a lead 12. The output from the switch 9 is
then applied via a lead 14 to an output transformer 15 whose output
is connected to electrodes 16.
Referring to FIG. 3 there is shown a detailed circuit including the
delay circuit 11, switch 9 indicated by the dotted lines, and
output transformer 15. Considering the circuit of FIG. 3 in
conjunction with the voltage waveforms shown in FIG. 4, which
waveforms are drawn against an exaggerated time scale in order that
their relationship may be more clearly seen, waveform (a)
represents the square wave signal which is received on lead 10 at
the input to the delay circuit 11 from the generator 4. This signal
is applied to a differentiating network formed by a capacitor 18
and a resistor 19 and the negative trailing edge of the
differentiated signal is passed by a diode 20 to a monostable
multivibrator including a transistor 21 and a transistor 22. The
output from the collector of the transistor 22 and thus from the
delay circuit is indicated at (b) in FIG. 4 and it can be seen that
the signal has been delayed with respect to that which was received
by the delay circuit on lead 10 and is indicated at (a).
The output from the delay circuit is applied over the lead 12 to
the switch 9 having a bistable multivibrator circuit which includes
transistors 23 and 24. This bistable circuit is switched by the
trailing edges of the pulses from the monostable multivibrator in
the delay circuit 11 and consequently the transistors conduct
alternately for periods of time which are equal and comparatively
long with respect to the periods of conduction of the transistors
in the monostable multivibrator in the delay circuit 11. The switch
further includes a transistor 26, a diode 27 and a transistor 28
connected to the output of the transistor 23, and a transistor 30,
and a diode 31 and a transistor 32 connected to the output of the
transistor 24. At (c) in FIG. 4 there is shown the voltage waveform
of the signal appearing at the collector of the transistor 24 and
from this it can be seen that there is a voltage rise when the
transistor is switched off at the end of the output pulse from the
delay circuit and a voltage fall when the transistor is switched on
at the end of the next pulse received from the delay circuit.
During the period when the transistor 24 is switched on the
transistor 23 is nonconducting and vice versa. The transistor 28 is
switched on while the transistor 23 is nonconducting and the
transistor 32 is switched on while the transistor 24 is
nonconducting. The emitters of the transistors 28 and 32 are
connected to the output signal, illustrated at (c) in FIG. 2,
obtained from the stage 7 via the lead 8. This signal on the lead 8
includes pulses, within the envelope defined by the output from the
surging waveform generator, which are in phase with the output from
the square wave generator. The transistor 28 is connected in series
with one primary winding 33 of the output transformer 15, and the
transistor 32 is connected in series with another primary winding
34 of the output transformer 15.
At (d) in FIG. 4 there are shown the voltage pulses appearing at
the collector of the transistor 32 and at (e) in the same FIG.
there are shown the voltage pulses appearing at the collector of
the transistor 28 both of which result from the switching of the
transistors 28 and 32 by the signals applied from the bistable
multivibrator to their respective bases and the voltage pulses
applied via the lead 8 to their emitters. The two primary windings
33 and 34 are wound in antiphase and the switching signals applied
to the bases are delayed with respect to the signals on the
emitters so that switching does not take place during the
appearance of a voltage pulse on the lead 8. There are thus
produced at the outputs of the secondary windings of the
transformer 15 alternate pulses of opposite polarity as shown at
(f) in FIG. 4. These pulses appear within the shape of the envelope
of the output from the surging waveform generator as shown at (c)
but both above and below the zero line. Signals applied to muscles
via a pair of electrodes connected to any one of the secondary
windings may thus be used to produce symmetrical contractions of
the muscles.
Referring to FIG. 5 there is shown a block schematic diagram of an
arrangement which includes a surging waveform generator 36 having
an output similar to that shown at (a) in FIG. 2 which is applied
to a gate circuit 37 via a lead 40. The output from a square wave
generator 38 is shown connected via a lead 41, a bistable
multivibrator 39 and a lead 42 to the gate circuit 37 and the
output from the square wave generator 38 is also shown connected
directly to the gate circuit 37 via a lead 43. Outputs from the
gate 37 are applied via an output stage 45 to an output transformer
46.
In FIG. 6 the main circuit features described with reference to
FIG. 5 are indicated by similarly referenced dotted lines.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7 the surging waveform generator 36 is
free running and includes transistors 47 and 48. The on-off periods
of the transistors are determined by the values of the capacitors
49 and 50 and their associated resistors. The output from this
generator is applied via a transistor 52 to give current gain over
lead 40 to the gate 37. The square wave generator, which includes
transistors 53 and 54, is also free running and its output is
applied via the lead 41 to trigger a bistable multivibrator which
includes transistors 55 and 56. The output voltage of the square
wave generator 38 on the lead 41 is shown at (a) in FIG. 7.
The output signal from the transistor 55, which is shown at (b) in
FIG. 7, is applied to the base of a transistor 57, acting as a
gate, together with the signal on the lead 41 obtained from the
output of the square wave generator, and applied via the lead
43.
The output signal from the transistor 56, which is shown at (c) in
FIG. 7, is applied to the base of a transistor 58, acting as a
gate, together with the signal on the lead 41 obtained from the
output of the square wave generator and applied via the lead
43.
The voltage applied to the collector electrodes of the transistors
57 and 58 is the surging waveform signal generated by the generator
36 and applied via the lead 40.
The output from the collector of the transistor 57 is shown at (d)
in FIG. 7 and the output from the collector of the transistor 58 is
shown at (e) in FIG. 7. From these outputs waveforms it can be seen
that square wave pulses are produced alternately from these
transistors, the amplitudes of the pulses being controlled by the
amplitude of the output from the surging waveform generator at the
time.
The output from the collector of the transistor 57 is applied via
amplifying stages, including transistors 60 and 61, to one half 62
of the center-tapped primary winding of the output transformer 46;
and the output from the collector of the transistor 58 is applied
via amplifying stages, including transistors 63 and 64 to the other
half 65 of the primary winding of the output transformer 46.
The resultant output from the secondary winding of the transformer
46 is thus a train of pulses of alternate polarity, as indicated at
(f) in FIG. 7, whose amplitude is controlled by the instantaneous
amplitude of the output from the surging waveform generator 36.
Referring to FIG. 8 there is shown schematically a further
arrangement by means of which there is obtained an output
containing alternate square wave pulses of opposite polarity, the
amplitudes of which are controlled by the instantaneous amplitude
of an output from a surging waveform generator. The output from a
surging waveform generator 68 is applied via a lead 69 to a mixer
stage 70 and an output from a square wave generator 71 is applied
via a lead 72 to the mixer 70. A second output from the square wave
generator 71 is applied via a lead 73 to a delay and switch control
circuit 74. The output from the mixer 70 is applied via a lead 75
to an output stage 76 and the output from the stage 76 is applied
to the primary winding 77 of an output transformer a double-pole
double-throw switch 78. The contacts of the switch may be operated
by an electrical relay controlled, as indicated by the dotted line
79, by the control circuit 74. The load 81 is connected to a
high-voltage source and an output is obtained from the secondary
winding 80.
In operation the circuit is similar to that described with
reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 the electrical switch arrangement
being replaced by a mechanical switch and the double wound primary
winding being replaced by a single primary winding. It would be
within the scope of the present invention to replace the mechanical
switch by an equivalent electronic switch.
It is not essential that the generators 4, 38 and 71 should produce
square wave pulses. It is possible to employ pulses having
waveforms of other shapes.
It may be noted that the circuit is such that either of the pulse
generators may be free running, although it is not essential that
the generators should be of this type. They could be of the
controlled type that is caused to operate in accordance with one
condition of a switch and to be inoperative when the switch is in
another condition.
The output of the surging waveform generator is arranged to have a
leading edge which increases gradually in the way shown at (a) in
FIG. 2 in order to provide an acceptable output signal and this
waveshape may be controlled in a well-known manner by means of a
resistor and capacitor connected in the generator circuit.
In a preferred embodiment the pulse generator has an "onto-off" or
"mark-to-space" ratio of less than 1.
As may be seen from FIG. 3 the output transformer normally has a
plurality of secondary windings and the output from each of these
windings may be connected to a pad of electrically conducting
material which then applied to the body of a person conducts the
output signals from the transformer to the body in order to
stimulate particular muscles of the person.
* * * * *