U.S. patent number 3,589,058 [Application Number 04/886,336] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-29 for toy ground effect vehicle with adjustable stabilizing weight.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Societe d'Etudes Et De Developpement Des Aeroglisseurs Marins Ferrestres. Invention is credited to Ivan Pierre Andrew Labat.
United States Patent |
3,589,058 |
Labat |
June 29, 1971 |
TOY GROUND EFFECT VEHICLE WITH ADJUSTABLE STABILIZING WEIGHT
Abstract
A toy air cushion vehicle comprising a hull the lower portion of
which carries a skirt bounding the air cushion space, an
electrically driven lift fan having a substantially vertical axis,
at least one propulsion unit mounted on the hull and comprising an
electrically driven propeller, and at least one movable weight for
balancing the vehicle on its air cushion both in the transverse and
longitudinal directions. The skirt has parts subdividing the
cushion space. The hull has a compartment with a door automatically
closed by the lift fan through a pneumatic device. The propeller
may be a flexible member maintaining its shape partly by
centrifugal force and may have a torque limiter including a
magnetic or friction coupling.
Inventors: |
Labat; Ivan Pierre Andrew
(Paris, FR) |
Assignee: |
Societe d'Etudes Et De
Developpement Des Aeroglisseurs Marins Ferrestres (Paris,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
8658986 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/886,336 |
Filed: |
December 18, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 24, 1968 [FR] |
|
|
PV180460 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
446/179; 180/117;
180/116 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
17/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
17/00 (20060101); B60V 1/00 (20060101); A63h
017/00 (); A63h 029/16 (); A63h 033/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;46/1J,42,79,243M
;180/117,118,127 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Model Air Car of the Future" by R. L. Clough, POPULAR MECHANICS,
Jan. 1962, pages 160--163. A copy of these pages has been placed in
cl 46-1 J..
|
Primary Examiner: Shay; F. Barry
Claims
What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is:
1. A toy air cushion vehicle comprising a hull, skirt means carried
by said hull for bounding and defining an air cushion space below
said hull, a lift fan having a substantially vertical axis, duct
means affording communication between said lift fan and said air
cushion space, electrical driving means for said lift fan, at least
one propulsion unit mounted on said hull, said propulsion unit
comprising a propeller and electrical driving means for said
propeller, means comprising at least one movable weight for
balancing said vehicle on an air cushion generated in said air
cushion space by said lift fan, means mounting said weight on said
vehicle for movement both in the transverse and longitudinal
directions of the said vehicle to a selected fixed position in said
vehicle to a selected fixed position in said vehicle.
2. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 wherein said
mounting means includes a horizontal rod, means supporting said rod
for pivoting about a vertical axis, and said movable weight being
slidably mounted on said rod.
3. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 including control
means for moving said movable weight to control the direction of
motion of said vehicle.
4. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 in which said
skirt means comprises a main skirt bounding the periphery of said
air cushion space and secondary skirts which divide said air
cushion space into compartments disposed between said duct means
and said main skirt.
5. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 4 in which said
secondary skirts are connected to said main skirt to afford
mechanical support for said main skirt.
6. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 including wheels
mounted beneath said hull and adapted to support said vehicle when
said lift fan is inoperative.
7. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 including at
least one bellows, means connecting said bellows to said duct means
whereby said bellows is extended when said fan is operative, said
bellows being normally contracted when said fan is inoperative,
said toy also including a movable component and an operative
actuating connection between said bellows and said movable
component.
8. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 in which said
electrical driving means for said propeller of said propulsion unit
is a reversible electric motor.
9. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 in which said
propeller of said propulsion unit is made from flexible material
and is adapted to maintain its shape partly by centrifugal force
when said electrical driving means of said propulsion unit is
operating.
10. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 in which said
propulsion unit includes a torque limiter interposed between said
propeller and said electrical driving means of said propulsion
unit.
11. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 10 in which said
electrical driving means of said propulsion unit has a drive shaft
and said propeller has a hub and in which said torque limiter
comprises magnetically coupled washers one on said drive shaft and
the other on said propeller hub.
12. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 in which said
electrical driving means of said propulsion unit has a drive shaft
and in which there is an elastically deformable washer between said
drive shaft and said propeller of said propulsion unit.
13. A toy air cushion vehicle according to claim 1 in which said
hull has a superstructure defining apertures constituting air
inlets for said lift fan.
Description
This invention relates to toy air cushion vehicles.
Air cushion vehicles which can travel over land or water have now
gone beyond the prototype test stage and are going into regular
commercial use.
It is an object of the invention to provide a toy which also
operates on air cushion and which is a replica of the real air
cushion vehicle. A toy which reproduces the external appearance of
a real vehicle on a reduced scale exercises great fascination for
children, and there is particular interest in a toy which can move
equally well over a floor indoors or in a yard or playground
outdoors, the toy being self-propelled and requiring no track or
specially prepared surface for its movement.
A toy of this kind cannot just be a reduced model of the actual
vehicle, even in a simplified form, and it is a further object of
this invention to provide a number of original technical solutions
to the problems to which the construction of such a toy gives
rise.
According to the present invention a toy air cushion vehicle
comprises a hull the lower portion of which carries skirt means
bounding the air cushion space, an electrically driven lift fan
having a substantially vertical axis, at least one propulsion unit
mounted on the hull and comprising an electrically driven
propeller, and at least one movable weight for balancing the
vehicle on its air cushion both in the transverse and longitudinal
directions.
Preferably the electric motors for the fan and for the propulsion
unit or units are supplied from a distance from a suitable source,
such as a battery, through an agency of a flexible multiconductor
supply cable. In such cases the vehicle may be controlled by
varying the current supplied to the various motors. In a variant,
the batteries may be mounted in the hull. In some expensive toys a
radio-control unit may be used.
The movable weight may be mounted slidably on a horizontal rod
adapted to pivot about a vertical axis. Thus, by swinging the
horizontal rod to one side or the other, the center of gravity of
the vehicle can be shifted laterally. By adjusting the position of
the weight along the rod the center of gravity can also be adjusted
in the direction of the length of the rod, i.e. longitudinally when
the rod is substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle. Adjustment of the position of the center of gravity
enables the toy vehicle to be properly balanced on its air cushion
when stationary. By introducing unbalance when the vehicle is in
motion, the direction of motion can be further controlled.
Preferably, therefore, the position of the weight is adjustable by
external means, e.g. by a remote control mechanism.
The skirt means may comprise a main skirt disposed around the
periphery of the lower portion of the hull bounding the air cushion
space and secondary skirts which divide the air cushion space into
compartments between the lift fan outlet and the main skirt. These
secondary skirts may also afford mechanical support for the main
skirt.
Wheels may be provided beneath the hull on which the toy can be
rolled over the ground when the lift fan is inoperative, without
damaging the skirt or skirts. When the fan is operative the air
cushion raises the vehicle sufficiently to lift wheels well clear
of the ground.
There may be at least one bellows connected to the lift fan outlet
so that the bellows expands or contracts as the lift fan is, or is
not, in operation, which bellows actuates a movable component of
the toy, for example, a door which is opened and closed by the
bellows.
For safety reasons the propeller or propellers are preferably made
from a flexible material and maintain their shape partly by
centrifugal force when the propulsion units are operating. For the
same reasons, each propeller may be driven by its electric motor
through a torque limiter. Thus, if the propeller meets an
obstruction it will stop even though its driving motor continues to
turn.
The invention may be performed in various ways and a specific
embodiment, with a modification, will now be described by way of
example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a toy air cushion vehicle
embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the toy showing the skirt
system;
FIG. 3 is a cross section on the line III-III in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross section on the line IV-IV in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the movable weight system;
FIG. 6 is a variant of FIG. 5 wherein the weight is connected to a
directional control system;
FIG. 7 is an axial section showing the assembly of a propeller on a
propulsion unit using a magnetic torque limiter;
FIG. 8 shows two half-sections similar to FIG. 7 for two
embodiments in which the propeller twist is obtained by clamping a
flat propeller shape;
FIG. 9 is a section on the line IX-IX in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a view in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 8;
and
FIG. 11 is a section on the line XI-XI in FIG. 10.
The toy air cushion vehicle or hovercraft shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3
and 4 is externally a reduced-scale copy of an actual hovercraft.
The toy is manufactured from a lightweight material, e.g.
polystyrene or polyethylene. It comprises a hollow hull 1 at the
bottom of which a skirt system 20 is disposed. Two compartments 2
and 3 are provided at the two ends of the hull to receive toy
automobiles, the compartments being closed at both ends by doors
2a, 3a, pivotable about bottom horizontal axes 2b, 3b, so that they
can serve as access ramps. The hull 1 also has a compartment 5 to
receive a movable weight, as will be described hereinafter. The
central part of the hull has a vertical duct 6 for the blowing of
lift air, the duct containing a four-blade lift fan 7 driven by an
electric motor 8. The superstructure at the top of the hull
comprises a cover 9 simulating a cabin with lateral apertures 9a
representing windows and a pilot's station 10. On each side of the
cabin 9, level with the central duct 6, two left and right
propulsion units 11 are mounted on supports 11a, each propulsion
unit comprising a reversible electric motor 12 driving a propeller
13. Two rudders 14 are disposed at the rear of the
superstructure.
As well as being a replica of the external features of the actual
hovercraft, the toy behaves in a similar way. When the lift fan 7
is started, it draws in air through the apertures in the
superstructure (and more particularly the windows 9a ) and blows it
down through the duct 6 so that the entire toy lifts on the
pressure air cushion thus formed beneath the hull and bounded by
the skirts 20. In this position, rotation of the propellers 13 will
cause the toy to move. If the two motors 12 rotate at the same
speed, the toy will move in a straight line. It will turn on itself
if the speeds of rotation differ. Because the motors 12 are
reversible, a very rapid turning movement can be obtained by
rotating the two propellers 13 in opposite directions to one
another.
The various motors receive their supply from electric batteries.
These are preferably part of a unit which is separate from the toy
itself, connection to the motors being via a flexible
multiconductor cable. In such cases the toy can be very easily
controlled from a control unit incorporating a switch for the
supply circuit to the lift motor 8 and two rheostats for
controlling the two reversible propeller motors 12.
In a variant, the batteries may be incorporated in the toy and the
control may be a radio-control, a radio-control receiver unit being
incorporated in the toy and the transmitter unit being available
for the user.
As will be more apparent from FIG. 2, the skirt system 20 comprises
an outer peripheral or main skirt 21 around the bottom part of the
hull 1. Between the outlet of the central duct 6 and the main skirt
21 are disposed two longitudinal skirts 22 and 23 formed with
communicating apertures 22a, 23a, and two "front" and "rear"
transverse skirts 24 and 25, the central part of each skirt 22 and
23 also being connected to the sides of the main skirt 21 by skirt
partitions 26 and 27. The inner skirts 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27
preferably have a height less than that of the main skirt 21, as
will be apparent from FIGS. 3 and 4. The various skirts are
preferably made from a flexible and noncreasing impermeable fabric.
The arrangement of the skirt system to form compartments has two
advantages. First, the inner skirts help to support the main skirt
so that the skirt system has satisfactory mechanical
characteristics having regard to the weight of the toy and the
flexibility of the skirt material. Second, the compartmentalization
of the lift air cushion improves the stability of the toy. The air
leaving the duct 6 passes from a central cushion compartment to
lateral cushion compartments via communicating apertures, such as
22a, 23a, and free passages formed beneath the bottom edge of the
inner skirts which are shorter than the main skirt.
To enable the toy to be rolled over the ground without damage to
the skirts when the lift fan is not in operation, the hull is
provided with wheels, namely a front pivoting wheel 30 and two rear
nonpivoting wheels 31.
An auxiliary duct 40 extends through the hull slightly to the rear
of the central duct 6 and in it is mounted a bellows 41 closed by a
plate 42 mounted to pivot about an axis 42a (FIG. 1). The end of
the plate 42 which is remote from the pivot 42a is connected by two
wires 43 to the rear door 3a which is mounted to pivot about an
axis 3b. When the lift fan 7 is in operation, the air emerging from
the duct 6 inflates the bellows so that the plate 42 pivoting about
the pivot 42a passes from a bottom position (which it occupies when
the fan is not operating) into a top position. During this
movement, as a result of the connection by the wires 43, the door
3a pivots about the pivot 3b between an open position and a closed
position. In other words, it is the operation of the lift fan which
causes the door to close. Small magnets may be used in known manner
to lock the doors. Of course a bellows such as 41 could be used to
control the movement of any other movable component.
As already mentioned, the hull compartment 5 contains a movable
weight, as will be seen more clearly in FIG. 5. It has been found
from a number of tests that it is essential to provide the toy with
a movable weight which can be displaced both laterally and
longitudinally in order to provide accurate balance when the fan
lifts the toy on its skirt without any movement. To this end (FIG.
5), a weight 50 is mounted slidably on a horizontal rod 51 which is
mounted to pivot about a vertical axis by means of a vertical rod
52 rigidly connected to the rod 51 and mounted in a bearing 53
secured to the hull on the rear wall of the compartment 5. The
vertical rod 52 terminates in a milled head 52a which is readily
accessible from outside and can be turned by the edge of a coin.
The weight 50 may be secured in position on the horizontal rod 51
by a locking screw 50a. The end 51a of the rod 51 cooperates with a
toothed circular segment 53 concentric with the vertical axis of
the rod 52. With this arrangement, the position of the weight 50 on
the rod 51 can be adjusted and the orientation of the rod 51 can be
changed by turning the vertical rod 52, the orientation being
maintained by cooperation of the end 51a with the notches between
the teeth of the segment 53.
In the variant shown in FIG. 6, the provision of a movable weight
system is used to control yawing. To this end, the vertical rod 52
is connected to a reduction gear 60 driven by reversible electric
motor 61. The angular travel of the horizontal rod 51 connected to
the vertical rod 52 is advantageously limited by adjustable stops
(not shown) which can be fitted by screws to apertures 62a formed
on a support 62 which itself incorporates fixed stops 62b. The
motor is controlled from the control station by the lever 65 of a
reversing switch connected to the motor 61 by leads 66, for
reversing the direction of operation. The unbalance voluntarily
produced by movement of the weight causes the toy to move over a
circular or other nonrectilinear path. By moving the weight
alternately to the left and to the right of the toy by means of the
switch lever 65, a yawing motion is obtained.
Additionally, the rod 52 may be associated with a rocking lever 70
which can be connected by two wires 71 to two external aerodynamic
rudders.
The propeller assemblies should be designed to minimize the risk of
accident to children. To this end it is advantageous to limit the
speed of rotation of the propellers, to provide propeller blades
made from a flexible material, such blades assuming their operative
shape partly as a result of centrifugal force, and to connect the
propellers to the shaft of the motors of assembly, units through
torque limiting devices.
FIG. 7 shows a magnetic torque limiting device. The propeller 80 is
mounted on the shaft 12a of its motor 12 as follows: a bush of
plastic material 81 is force-fitted on the shaft 12a, a metal
washer 81a being rigidly secured to the bush. A magnetized washer
82 is secured to the hub of the propeller. On assembly, the
propeller is engaged over the bush 81, the magnetized washer 82
being applied against the metal washer 81a. A thrust washer 83 and
a lock washer 84 cooperating with a notch in the bush 81 complete
the assembly. The propeller is not clamped tightly on the shaft,
and the main connection between the shaft and the propeller being a
magnetic connection which limits the torque transmission. As a
result the propeller can be stopped manually without harm.
FIGS. 8 (top half-section), 9, 10 and 11 illustrate a friction
torque limiting system.
The propeller 90 is made from a flat blank of flexible plastic
material and the twist of the blade of this propeller results from
the clamping of the blank between inclined surfaces 92a and 93a of
plates 92 and 93. The assembly is held together by a locking member
91 introduced into a cutout 91c in the plates 92 and 93. The
locking member 91 is given a quarter of a turn to bring it into its
locking position in which it fits into notches 91a and 91b formed
in the plates 92 and 93. The assembly formed by the parts 90, 91,
92 and 93 is fitted over a bush 12'a which is force-fitted onto the
shaft 12. The assembly 90, 91, 92, 93 rotates freely on the bush
12a. A friction washer of elastic foam 95 is put into place and is
held in position by a plate 94 which is secured to the bush 12a by
a pin 96 which fits into a notch 94a in the plate 94.
A variant comprises replacing the resilient washer 95 by a magnetic
washer 95a, as shown in the bottom half-section in FIG. 8.
A propeller cowling 97 is fixed over the plate 92 to protect the
complete assembly and also improve appearance.
* * * * *