U.S. patent number 3,586,794 [Application Number 04/772,636] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-22 for earphone having sound detour path.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sennheiser Electronic. Invention is credited to Erhard Michaelis.
United States Patent |
3,586,794 |
Michaelis |
June 22, 1971 |
EARPHONE HAVING SOUND DETOUR PATH
Abstract
A dynamic acoustic transducer which is worn in the vicinity of
the ear, with sound outlets on both sides of the diaphragm, one of
them acting directly on the auditory canal, while one or more
others reach the entrance to the auditory canal only via detours is
shown. The resonant frequency of the diaphragm lies in the lower
transmission range. Means in the form of a spacer are provided
which prevent a sealing off of the entrance to the auditory canal
with respect to the air space surrounding the head and the acoustic
transducer. The spacer is made of acoustically damping material and
may be in the form of an acoustic foam cushion. The spacer may be
provided with one or more openings on its surface between the
diaphragm and the auditory canal. The sound outlet or outlets from
the side of the diaphragm facing away from the ear to the air space
surrounding the acoustic transducer and the head are conducted via
acoustic conduits which are terminated with their characteristic
impedance on the end discharging into the air space. The acoustic
conduits are so dimensioned that their characteristic impedance
coupled to the diaphragm damps the diaphragm.
Inventors: |
Michaelis; Erhard (Bissendorf,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Sennheiser Electronic
(Wennebostel, bei Bissendorf, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
7531977 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/772,636 |
Filed: |
November 1, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Nov 4, 1967 [DT] |
|
|
1,537,700.1 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
381/372; 381/354;
381/348; 181/129 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04R
1/225 (20130101); H04R 9/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04R
9/00 (20060101); H04R 1/22 (20060101); H04R
9/10 (20060101); H04r 001/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/17E ;1/18,23
;181/31A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cooper; William C.
Assistant Examiner: Kundert; Thomas L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A dynamic acoustic transducer, suitable for being used as an
earphone, comprising
a. a diaphragm having a resonant frequency in the lower
transmission range,
b. at least one front sound outlet on one side of said diaphragm
suitable for acting directly on the entrance to the auditory
canal,
c. at least one year sound outlet on the other side of said
diaphragm which provides a detour path for sound, and
d. acoustically damping spacer means for preventing the sealing off
of the entrance to the auditory canal with respect to the air space
surrounding the acoustic transducer, sound reaching said auditory
canal by a first path comprising said front sound outlet and
acoustically damping spacer means, and by a second path comprising
said rear sound outlet and said acoustically damping means.
2. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the
acoustic damping material is a foam material.
3. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 2, wherein the
acoustic damping material is an acoustic foam cushion.
4. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the
acoustically damping spacer means has at least one opening on its
surface between the diaphragm and the entrance to the auditory
canal.
5. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein at
least one rear sound outlet extends from the side of the diaphragm
away from the ear to the air space surrounding the acoustic
transducer via acoustic conduits which are terminated with their
characteristic impedance on the end discharging into the air
space.
6. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 5, wherein the
acoustic conduits are so dimensioned that their characteristic
impedance coupled to the diaphragm damps the diaphragm.
7. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, comprising a
plurality of rear sound outlets.
8. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 7, wherein the
plurality of rear sound outlets comprise four sound outlets.
9. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 7, wherein the
plurality of rear sound outlets are distributed substantially
uniformly over a circle.
10. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein
said acoustically damping spacer means covers the outward facing
surface of a cover member.
11. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein a
treble resonator is positioned between said diaphragm and said
acoustically damping spacer means.
12. A dynamic acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the
acoustically damping spacer means is removable from the earphone.
Description
The invention relates to acoustic transducers and, in particular,
to acoustic transducers suitable for use as earphones.
It is known that headphones, despite the use of dynamic systems,
are frequently only of limited quality, particularly at low
frequencies. In order to obtain a dependable, reproducible
frequency response, it is known to apply headphones in such a
manner to the ear or ears that the ears are sealed off well (cf.
High Fidelity Yearbook 1967/68, pages 87 and 88 ). The necessary
good closing off of the ears can, however, only be obtained by a
relatively strong pressure of the earphone against the ear. This
results in discomfort which makes the wearing of headphones for a
long time troublesome. As a result of this, the headband is often
bent apart so that the earphone rests loosely against the ear.
There are thus produced uncontrollable openings between the ear and
the earphone which affect the frequency response in uncontrolled
and unpredictable fashion.
In German Pat. Nos. 888,113 and 952,358 there are shown methods of
reducing this undesirable effect on this frequency response. The
basic principle of these solutions contemplates coupling the side
of the diaphragm facing away from the ear to the air space
surrounding the earphone and the head and then applying the
earphone only loosely to the ear. In this way, some improvement is
obtained in the low frequency transmission.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,157,750 discloses a similar proposal in which
openings are provided to the rear of an earphone. The openings
present an impedance which is more dependent on mass than friction
down to the base range. An unidentified opening is provided between
the earphone and the auricle of the ear.
These solutions, however, all have the disadvantage that the space
defined by the earphone, the auricle and the auditory canal form a
Helmholtz resonator with undefined openings formed by the
application of the earphone to the ear. It has varying resonance
frequencies, depending on the size of the volume and the size of
the openings. The frequency response of the earphone is, therefore,
once again undefined. The variations in the frequency response
produced by the resonator are very disturbing. They greatly falsify
the acoustic sound to be transmitted.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a dynamic
acoustic transducer which has a predictable frequency response.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a dynamic
acoustic transducer which may be worn comfortably against the
ear.
The present invention eliminates the undesirable and unpredictable
frequency response caused by the undefinable application of an
earphone against the ear as provided by the prior art. The
application is made more specific by mechanical means while the
earphone nevertheless rests only loosely against the ear. A
deformation of the auricle and change in the size of the auditory
canal is practically entirely avoided. The mechanical means which
define the position of the earphone against the ear at the same
time, in accordance with the present invention, determines the size
of the coupling opening of the Helmholtz resonator and, by the
acoustic impedance of the material forming the mechanical means,
dampen the effect of the resonator. As a further development, the
invention improves the transfer constant of the earphone.
The present invention is a dynamic acoustic transducer which is
worn in the vicinity of the ear, with sound outlets on both sides
of the diaphragm, one of them acting directly on the auditory
canal, while the other reaches the entrance to the auditory canal
only via detours, and in connection with which the resonant
frequency of the diaphragm lies in the lower transmission range.
Mechanical means are provided which prevent a sealing off of the
entrance to the auditory canal with respect to the air space
surrounding the head and the acoustic transducer.
The mechanical means is made of acoustic damping material and
preferably is an acoustic foam cushion.
The advantages and features of the present invention will become
readily apparent as the following detailed description of a
preferred embodiment of the invention is read with reference to the
accompanying drawing.
The sole FIGURE in the drawing shows one embodiment of an earphone
constructed in accordance with the present invention. A plastic
housing 10 which consists of the cylinder 11, rear cover 12 and
front cover 13 is provided. The housing 10 holds within it a magnet
system consisting of the core magnet 20, ferromagnetic bottom
member 21, core pole shoe 22, annular pole shoe 23 and yoke member
24. A nonmagnetic insert 25 which may be made of plastic forms, in
known manner, together with the inner wall of yoke member 24,
channels 26 which may be, for instance, approximately round or
square in cross section. The channels 26 are conducted through the
ferromagnetic bottom member 21 and the rear cover 12 into the air
space surrounding the earphone. They are connected at their end
with the acoustic impedance members 27. The channels 26 form
acoustic conduits which are terminated at their end with their
characteristic impedance by the acoustic impedance members 27.
Their opposite end opens in known manner in flat bottomed space 28
below airgap 29. The moving coil, not shown, of diaphragm 30 is
located in the airgap. Between the diaphragm 30 and the front cover
13 there is a resonator volume 40 which, via the openings 14 in the
cover 13 and spacer 50, in accordance with the present invention,
lead the sound into the auditory canal 61 of the ear. The spacer 50
consists, in this example, of a very soft acoustic resistance
material, for instance an acoustic foam cushion made of cellular
foam plastic. The resonator volume of the Helmholtz resonator
defined by the auditory canal 61, the auricle 60 and the front
cover 13 is coupled in a strongly damped manner, in accordance with
the concept of the invention, by the sound permeable thin cross
section of the spacer 50 to the space surrounding the earphone and
the ear. In this way, the resonant frequency of the resonator is
damped.
The sound coming from the rear side of the diaphragm passes through
the airgap to the acoustic conduits 26 which may be, for instance,
four in number. The conduits 26 are distributed substantially
uniformly over a circle. They form a path for the rearward sound to
the air space surrounding the earphone. The rearward sound emerging
through the characteristic-impedance termination provided by
impedance members 27 is damped greatly in amplitude by the great
distance from impedances 27 around the housing 10 to the spacer 50.
It then, again damped by the spacer 50, reaches the inlet to the
auditory canal 61. In this way, as a result of the invention, the
undesirable attenuation of low frequencies otherwise present in the
case of transducers which are open at the rear is substantially
reduced.
The acoustic conduits 26 and their characteristic impedance
terminations provided by members 27 are so dimensioned that they
serve as damping for the diaphragm. Extensive tests with earphones
constructed in accordance with the present invention using a large
number of test subjects have shown that the damping of the
Helmholtz resonator and the strong damping of the rear sound of the
diaphragm before its entrance into the auditory canal brought about
a decisive advance in the state of the art. The previously known
disturbances in resonance by Helmholtz resonators are practically
completely eliminated and the phones show substantially improved
transmission of low frequencies as compared with the previously
known prior art.
Among possible modifications of the earphone are the addition of a
treble resonator between the diaphragm and the spacer means formed
of acoustic damping material. The resonator could be substituted
for front cover 13. Such an arrangement with a diaphragm cap would
define an annular horn space between the diaphragm and the spacer
means. The acoustic damping material used for resistive impedance
members 27 and for forming the spacer means 50 can advantageously
be made removable from the earphone. Various types of acoustic
damping material can be utilized. Ordinary plastic foam material,
foam material such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,328, and
felt, as well as other textile materials, would be suitable. The
acoustic damping impedance members 27 can, if desired, be combined
into a single member held against the back of channels 26 by a
portion of the housing and one or more slots provided in the
housing for coupling the single member to the air.
The above described acoustic transducer is a preferred specific
embodiment of the present invention, and many modifications may be
made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention which is defined in the claims.
* * * * *