U.S. patent number 3,585,978 [Application Number 04/720,920] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-22 for centrifugally operated ball projecting device.
Invention is credited to Paul Hurlimann.
United States Patent |
3,585,978 |
Hurlimann |
June 22, 1971 |
CENTRIFUGALLY OPERATED BALL PROJECTING DEVICE
Abstract
Apparatus for throwing tennis balls or the like comprises a
barrel rotatable about a horizontal axis which intersects the
barrel axis. The barrel has an inlet whose center is located on the
horizontal axis. A blocking device in the barrel is actuated at
variable intervals to permit a ball which enters the barrel by way
of the inlet to issue from one end of the barrel by centrifugal
force. The barrel is turnable about a vertical axis to change the
planes of trajectories of balls and is rotated by a variable-speed
drive so that the operator can change the trajectories
independently of the angular position of the barrel during ejection
of balls.
Inventors: |
Hurlimann; Paul (CH 5430
Wettingen, CH) |
Family
ID: |
4296069 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/720,920 |
Filed: |
April 12, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 19, 1967 [CH] |
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5587/67 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
124/6; 124/53;
124/31 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
69/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
69/40 (20060101); F41b 003/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;124/9,8,7,6,32,31,45,41,49,50 |
Foreign Patent Documents
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125,597 |
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May 1919 |
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GB |
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984,066 |
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Feb 1965 |
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GB |
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70,530 |
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Nov 1915 |
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DT |
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Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Browne; William R.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for throwing balls or other types of projectiles,
comprising a tubular barrel having an outlet at least at one end
thereof and a projectile admitting inlet intermediate its ends;
drive means for rotating said barrel about an axis of rotation
which is inclined with reference to the axis of the barrel;
blocking means having a portion movable into the barrel to a
blocking position between said outlet and said axis of rotation to
thus hold a projectile against ejection by centrifugal force and to
a retracted position in which it allows a projectile to issue from
the barrel by way of said outlet; and intercepting means arranged
in said barrel between said inlet and said blocking means and
movable with said blocking means between an operative and
inoperative position to respectively intercept movement of the
projectile toward said outlet when said blocking means is in the
retracted position and to permit passage of said intercepted
projectile toward said outlet and engagement thereof with said
portion of said blocking means when the latter is in said blocking
position so that said projectile may then be ejected from said
outlet upon said movement of said blocking means to said retracted
position.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said drive means
comprises means for changing the rotational speed of said
barrel.
3. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising control
means for moving said portion of said blocking means between said
blocking and retracted positions.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said axis of rotation
is substantially horizontal and wherein said control means
comprises means for effecting movement of said portion of said
blocking means to retracted position in different positions of
inclination of said barrel with reference to a horizontal plane to
thereby change the trajectories of projectiles issuing by way of
said outlet.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said axis of rotation
is a substantially horizontal axis; and further comprising means
for moving the barrel about a substantially vertical axis to
thereby change the planes of trajectories of projectiles issuing by
way of said outlet.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising control
means including means for effecting movement of said portion of
said blocking means to retracted position at predetermined
intervals and means for immediately returning said portion of said
blocking means to blocking position.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said axis of rotation
is a substantially horizontal axis and wherein said barrel is
turnable about a substantially vertical axis to change the planes
of trajectories of projectiles issuing by way of said outlet, and
further comprising first adjustable control means for effecting
movement of said portion of said blocking means to retracted
position at variable intervals, second adjustable control means for
turning said barrel about said vertical axis, and regulating means
for adjusting said first and second control means.
8. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said barrel is an
elongated cylinder and wherein said axis of rotation is normal to
and intersects the axis of said cylinder.
9. Apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein said axis of rotation
intersects the axis of said cylinder midway between the ends of
said barrel.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 8, further comprising stop means
provided in said barrel to block the travel of projectiles toward
the other end of the barrel, said stop means being disposed between
said other end and said inlet.
11. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said inlet has a
center located on said axis of rotation.
12. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said portion of said
blocking means is movable to blocking position by way of said
outlet.
13. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said axis of rotation
is a substantially horizontal axis and wherein said barrel has two
outlets, one at each end thereof, and further comprising second
blocking means having a portion movable into the barrel to a
blocking position in which it holds a projectile intermediate said
inlet and said other end and to a retracted position in which the
projectile is free to issue from the barrel by centrifugal force by
way of said other end.
14. Apparatus as defined in claim 13, further comprising a pair of
control means for respectively moving said portions of said
blocking means between blocking and retracted positions.
15. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said portion of said
blocking means is remote from said outlet in the blocking position
thereof and wherein said projectiles are spheres which are caused
by the barrel to spin during travel toward said outlet on movement
of said portion of blocking means to retracted position.
16. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said intercepting
means is coupled to said blocking means to intercept a projectile
in the blocking position of said portion.
17. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said intercepting
means comprises a two-armed lever one arm of which can hold a
projectile on entry into the barrel by way of said inlet in the
inoperative position of said intercepting means and the other arm
of which can hold said projectile immediately upstream of said
portion of said blocking means in the operative position of said
intercepting means.
18. Apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein said one arm in said
operative position of said intercepting means intercepts movement
of one projectile toward said inlet while said blocking means at
the same time prevents movement of said one projectile out of said
outlet of the barrel.
19. Apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising an upright
column supporting said barrel and said drive means for angular
movement about a vertical axis.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to apparatus for throwing
projectiles. More particularly, the invention relates to apparatus
which can be utilized for throwing or casting of spherical,
disc-shaped or other types of objects, especially for throwing
objects which are utilized in various types of games, e.g., tennis
balls, baseballs, soft balls, clay pigeons or the like.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of my invention to provide an apparatus which can
throw balls or other types of projectiles in different planes, at
different speeds and/or in different trajectories.
Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which is
particularly suited for use as a practicing machine by tennis,
baseball or softball players or in other games wherein a ball must
be caught, thrown and/or batted in a number of ways and under
different circumstances.
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus
wherein the speed, rate and/or sequence in which the projectiles
are thrown or catapulted can be varied at will so as to select the
operation of the apparatus in accordance with the ability or
progress of the person using it and to render it possible to throw
projectiles in a manner closely resembling various situations which
arise in a game.
An additional object of the invention is to provide an apparatus
whose operation can be regulated automatically in accordance with a
predetermined program and/or by hand.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus
which can propel spherical or otherwise configurated projectiles
with or without spin.
An ancillary object of the invention is to provide the apparatus
with means for preventing simultaneous ejection of two or more
projectiles.
The apparatus comprises basically a tubular barrel which has an
outlet or muzzle at least at one of its ends and an inlet
intermediate its ends, drive means for rotating the barrel about a
preferably horizontal axis of rotation which is inclined with
reference to the axis of the barrel and preferably intersects the
latter axis at right angles midway between the ends of the barrel,
and blocking means provided on the barrel and having a portion
movable into the barrel to a blocking position to thus hold a
projectile against ejection by centrifugal force and to a retracted
position in which it allows a projectile to issue from the barrel
by way of the outlet.
The apparatus preferably comprises adjustable control means for
operating the blocking means in a desired sequence and at desired
intervals so as to determine the exact moment of discharge of a
projectile as a function of the inclination of the barrel axis with
reference to a horizontal plane and to thus select the trajectories
of projectiles. The apparatus is preferably further provided with
second adjustable control means for swiveling the barrel about a
substantially vertical axis and for thus selecting the planes of
trajectories. The drive means for the barrel preferably comprises a
variable-speed motor or a variable-speed transmission enabling the
operator to change the speed at which the barrel rotates and to
thus determine the distances which the projectiles can cover in air
on ejection by way of the outlet in a predetermined position of
inclination of the barrel with reference to a horizontal plane.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
improved apparatus itself, however, both as to its construction and
its mode of operation, together with additional features and
advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal of the
following detailed description of certain specific embodiments with
reference to the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an apparatus which embodies one form
of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the apparatus as seen in the
direction of arrow II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view of the apparatus as seen in the
direction of arrow III in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the barrel as seen in the
direction of arrows from the line IV-IV of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary end elevational view as seen in the
direction of arrow V in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of a second apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the second
apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary rear elevational view of a third
apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a view of a detail as seen in the direction of arrow IX
in FIG. 8; and
FIG. 10 is an axial sectional view of a modified barrel which can
be utilized in the apparatus of FIGS. 1--5, 6--7 or 8--9.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 4, there is shown an apparatus which
can be used by tennis players to practice their game. The function
of the apparatus is to dispense tennis balls in different
directions, at different frequencies, at different angles and
within an area of desired size. The apparatus comprises an
elongated tubular barrel 1 which resembles a hollow cylinder of
constant circular cross section and is provided with an axially
parallel slot 2. The median portion of the barrel 1 is fixedly
mounted in a cylindrical bore machined into a block-shaped holder
or socket 3 which is secured to one end of a horizontal drive shaft
4. The axis 17 of the drive shaft 4 intersects and makes an angle
of 90.degree. with the axis of the barrel 1. The shaft 4 is
rotatably mounted in an adjustable support 5 which is traversed by
a vertical sleeve 6 of circular cylindrical outline. The lower end
portion of this sleeve is rigid with a platform or base 7 which has
a bore 8 for an upright column or post 9. The latter extends
through and upwardly beyond the sleeve 6 and its lower end portion
is fixedly mounted in the ground or in another stationary structure
and has a collar 10 serving as an abutment for the platform 7. The
parts 5, 6 and 7 form a rigid unit which can turn or swivel about
the column 9 and rests on the collar 10.
The drive shaft 4 carries a pulley 11 which is adjacent to the
socket 3 and is coplanar with a smaller pulley 13 on the output
shaft 14 of an electric motor 15 mounted on the platform 7. An
endless V-belt 12 is trained around the pulleys 11, 13 to drive the
shaft 4 and the barrel 1 when the circuit of the motor 15 is
completed. The transmission including the pulleys 11, 13 and belt
12 can be replaced by a sprocket and chain transmission. The parts
4 and 11--15 together constitute a drive means which can rotate the
barrel 1 in a vertical plane.
The median portion of the barrel 1 is provided with a circular
inlet 36 which can admit a succession of projectiles, here shown as
tennis balls 19. Both ends of the barrel 1 are open; however, only
the left-hand end (as viewed in FIG. 4) constitutes a muzzle or
outlet 36a for balls 19 because the barrel 1 accommodates a
removable stop in the form of a bracket 16 which is fixed to its
internal surface and whose tip prevents the balls which enter by
way of the inlet 36 from moving in a direction to the right, as
viewed in FIG. 4.
The barrel 1 carries an intermittently operated blocking device 18
serving to normally prevent the ejection of balls 19 by way of the
outlet 36a. This blocking device 18 has a portion or arm 20 which
normally extends into the interior of the barrel 1 in the region
between the outlet 36a and inlet 36 to hold the foremost ball 19
against ejection by centrifugal force when the barrel 1 rotates
about the axis 17, i.e., when the circuit of the motor 15 is
completed. The arm 20 is of arcuate shape and its curvature
conforms substantially to that of a ball 19. As shown, the arm 20
is fulcrumed on a horizontal pin 22 which is parallel to the axis
17 and is mounted in two bearing eyes 23 affixed to the external
surface of the barrel 1. The arrangement is such that the arm 20
can pivot in a plane which includes the axially parallel slot 2 and
the axis of the barrel 1. The front end of the arm 20 carries a
pair of laterally extending vanes or extensions 21 which can enter
the barrel 1 by way of the outlet 36a when the arm 20 is pivoted in
a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 4, to move from the
phantom-line retracted to the solid-line blocking position. The arm
20 of the blocking device 18 is normally held in the solid-line
blocking position by a swingable locking lever 24 which is
pivotable about the axis of a horizontal shaft 25. When in locking
position, the lever 24 extends substantially at right angles to the
adjoining portion of the arm 20. The locking lever 24 is rigid with
the shaft 25 and the latter is oscillatable in bearing eyes 26
mounted externally on the barrel 1 between the bearing eyes 23 and
the outlet 36a. The inoperative position of the locking lever 24 is
shown in FIG. 4 by phantom lines; the lever 24 then permits the
foremost ball 19 to pivot the arm 20 to the phantom-line retracted
position and to issue from the barrel by way of the outlet 36a
under the action of centrifugal force to be propelled a distance
which depends on the angular position of the barrel at the time the
extensions 21 expose the outlet 36a as well as on the rotational
speed of the drive shaft 4. The locking lever 24 is biased to
locking position by a helical torsion spring 27 one end of which is
anchored in the shaft 25 and the other end of which is anchored in
the adjoining bearing eye 26. One end portion 25a of the shaft 25
is bent, as best shown in FIG. 1, and can be engaged by a motion
transmitting projection or trip 30 to move the locking lever 24 to
inoperative position while the barrel 1 rotates about the axis 17
of the drive shaft 4.
The aforementioned projection or trip 30 forms part of an
adjustable control unit and is mounted on an angularly adjustable
disc-shaped carrier 28 of the control unit. As shown in FIG. 5, the
carrier 28 has a bore or hole 29 through which the projection 30
extends. This projection 30 has a circumferential groove 31 which
can receive the pallet of a pawl 31a so that the pawl then holds
the projection in idle or inoperative position shown in FIGS. 1 and
5 by solid lines. When the projection 30 assumes such idle
position, it can be bypassed by the bent over end portion 25a of
the shaft 25 so that the spring 27 is then free to maintain the
lever 24 in locking position in which this lever prevents the arm
20 of the blocking device 18 from leaving the interior of the
barrel 1. A helical spring 32 operates between a collar on the
projection 30 (FIG. 5) and the rear wall of a small housing or
retainer 33 which is affixed to the carrier 28. The purpose of the
spring 32 is to bias the projection 30 to operative or extended
position which is shown in FIG. 1 by phantom lines. The projection
30 then engages the end portion 25a of the shaft 25 during each
revolution of the barrel 1 about the axis 17. The pawl 31a
constitutes the armature of an electromagnet E which is energizable
to withdraw the pallet of the pawl from the groove 31 and to thus
permit the spring 32 to move the projection 30 to extended
position. The pawl 31a is biased to the position of FIG. 5 by a
suitable spring (not shown) which becomes effective as soon as the
electromagnet E is deenergized. The pallet of the pawl 31a is then
free to snap into the groove 31 and to hold the projection 30 in
retracted position as soon as the projection is depressed against
the opposition of the spring 32. Such depression of the projection
30 is carried out in a fully automatic way in response to rotation
of the barrel 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the barrel 1 carries an
arcuate resetting ramp or cam 41 which strikes against and
depresses the projection 30 against the opposition of the spring 32
shortly after the end portion 25a moves beyond this projection. The
resetting cam 41 is necessary in order to insure that the barrel 1
does not discharge a ball 19 during each of its revolutions,
particularly when the shaft 4 rotates at a high speed.
The electromagnet E is connected in an electric circuit 34 which
further includes a source V of electrical energy and a master
switch 35.
The position of the projection 30 along the path of the end portion
25a of the shaft 25 determines the inclination of the barrel 1 at
the time the barrel discharges a ball 19, i.e., the angle which the
longitudinal axis of the barrel 1 makes with a horizontal plane.
Such position of the projection 30 also determines the maximum
distance which the balls 19 cover in flight. If the angular
position of the carrier 28 remains unchanged, i.e., if the position
of the projection 30 remains unchanged, each successive ball 19
defines the same trajectory and lands at the same distance from the
outlet 36a provided, of course, that the rotational speed of the
barrel 1 remains unchanged.
The inlet 36 of the barrel 1 has a diameter which exceeds slightly
the diameter of a ball 19. The center of this inlet is located on
the axis 17 and the apparatus can be furnished with a magazine
(e.g., with a chute, not shown) which supplies to the inlet 36
balls 19 by gravity feed. In order to prevent simultaneous ejection
of two balls 19, the barrel 1 is further provided with an
intercepting device which comprises a two-armed lever 37 best shown
in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. The lever 37 is mounted on a horizontal shaft
39 which is journaled in bearing eyes 38 carried by the external
surface of the barrel 1. One arm 37b of the lever 37 extends
through a loop 40 at the rear end of the arm 20. If the arm 20
assumes the blocking position which is shown in FIG. 4 by solid
lines, its loop 40 maintains the intercepting lever 37 in a
position in which the second arm 37a of the lever 37 prevents a
freshly admitted ball 19a from moving toward the extensions 21 of
the blocking lever 20. Thus, the ball 19a is then located between
the stop 16 and the arm 37a. If the arm 20 is then moved to the
phantom-line retracted position of FIG. 4, the loop 40 pivots the
intercepting lever 37 to the phantom-line second position of FIG. 4
so that the ball 19a can move to the position 19b in which it
dwells by abutting against the arm 37b. Thus, the barrel 1 can
discharge only one ball at a time. When the arm 20 thereupon
returns to the solid-line blocking position of FIG. 4, its loop 40
returns the intercepting lever 37 to the solid-line first position
and the arm 37b releases the ball 19a (in the position 19b) for
movement toward the extensions 21 so that such ball 19a takes the
position previously occupied by the ejected ball 19. At the same
time, the second arm 37a returns to the solid-line position of FIG.
4 and prevents the next-following ball from leaving the position
previously occupied by the ball 19a.
When the motor 15 drives the shaft 4 and the barrel 1 at a constant
speed, the frequency at which the barrel discharges balls 19
depends on the frequency at which the master switch 35 completes
the electric circuit 34 for the electromagnet E. All balls travel
the same distance (i.e., they define identical trajectories) as
long as the angular position of the projection 30 remains
unchanged. Furthermore, all balls travel in the same vertical plane
as long as the angular position of the support 5 with reference to
the vertical axis of the column 9 remains unchanged.
The aforementioned control unit comprises means for changing the
angular position of the barrel 1 during discharge of balls 19. Such
means includes a device which can change the angular position of
the carrier 28. In this way, the apparatus can change the angle
between a horizontal plane and the axis of the barrel 1 from 0 to
90.degree.. As stated before, the carrier 28 is turnable on the
drive shaft 4. An arm 42 on the carrier 28 is turnable about the
axis of a pivot pin 43 and its free end is coupled to a one-armed
lever 45 by a ball-and-socket joint 44 (see FIG. 1). The lever 45
is pivotally secured to the support 5 by a pin 46 and carries a
roller follower 47 which tracks the face of a disc-shaped cam 48. A
helical spring 49 which operates between the carrier 28 and support
5 serves to bias the follower 47 against the face of the cam 48.
This cam is affixed to a shaft 50 which is rotatable in the support
5. The lower end of the shaft 50 extends beyond the underside of
the support 5 and carries a gear 51 meshing with a gear 52 on a
vertical shaft 53 which is rotatable in the support 5 and in a
bearing 54 provided on the platform 7 (see particularly FIG. 3).
The shaft 53 is rigid with a worm wheel 55 which meshes with a worm
56 on the output shaft 14 of the motor 15. Thus, when the circuit
of the motor 15 is completed, the output shaft 14 drives the shafts
53, 50 by way of the worm 56, worm wheel 55 and gears 52, 51
whereby the shaft 50 rotates the cam 48 and causes the roller
follower 47 to periodically change the angular position of the
carrier 28 and projection 30. Depending on the configuration of the
face on the cam 48, the follower 47 can move the carrier 28 and the
projection 30 between two spaced end positions, for example,
between the two end positions which are shown in FIG. 2 by phantom
lines. The apparatus is preferably furnished with two or more cams
48 each of which can be rapidly attached to and detached from the
shaft 50 so that the player or another person operating the
apparatus can select the extent of angular displacement of the
projection 30 about the axis 17 of the shaft 4. The configuration
of faces on the individual cams 48 of a set is selected in such a
way that each thereof establishes a training program which presents
a different series of problems to the player. Thus, the trainer can
select the cams 48 in accordance with the ability and progress of a
particular player.
The shaft 53 extends upwardly beyond the support 5 and carries an
actuating cam 57 having a lobe 58 which can engage a movable
contact 35a of the master switch 35 to complete the circuit 34 and
to energize the electromagnet E once during each revolution of the
shaft 53. Thus, the frequency at which the barrel 1 discharges
balls 19 depends on the rotational speed of the shaft 53, i.e., on
the ratio of the transmission 55, 56 between the output shaft 14
and the shaft 53. Such frequency can be changed by replacing the
cam 57 with a cam having two or more lobes 58.
The heretofore described parts of the apparatus render it possible
to select the frequency at which the barrel 1 discharges tennis
balls, the configuration of the trajectories defined by balls
subsequent to discharge from the barrel, and hence the distance
which the balls cover during travel in air, it being assumed that
the drive shaft 4 rotates the barrel at a constant speed.
The apparatus further comprises a second control unit for changing
the vertical plane in which the balls travel from the outlet 36a.
This second control unit comprises a device which can change the
angular position of the support 5 with reference to the axis of the
column 9. Such device comprises a two-armed lever 59 which is
rigidly secured to the column 9 (see FIG. 1) and one arm of which
carries a roller follower 62 tracking the face of a disc-shaped cam
63 on the shaft 50. The other arm of the lever 59 is connected to a
helical spring 60 which is coupled to a retainer 61 on the support
5. The spring 60 maintains the follower 62 in engagement with the
face of the cam 63 and, as the shaft 50 drives the cam 63, the
support 5 swivels back and forth about the axis of the column 9 in
dependency on the configuration of the cam face. The cam 63 is
replaceable in the same way as the cam 48 so that the player can
select a cam of desired configuration in order to determine the
sequence and the extent to which the support 5 swivels on the
column 9. The cam 63 determines the limits of swiveling movement of
the support 5 (and hence of the barrel 1) as well as a number of
desired intermediate positions within such limits. The selection of
an appropriate cam 63 depends on the ability and on the experience
of the player.
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a portion of a slightly modified apparatus
having a regulating device for the two control units. This
regulating device comprises a variable-speed transmission serving
to change the speed at which the barrel 1 can swivel about the
column 9 and the rate at which the inclination of the barrel with
reference to a horizontal plane can be changed during ejection of
successive balls while the motor 15 is on. The variable-speed
transmission can also lengthen or shorten the intervals at which
the barrel 1 discharges successive balls. The worm 56 of FIG. 3 is
replaced by a pulley 64 which is fixed to the output shaft 14 of
the motor 15. An adjustable second pulley 66 is mounted on a shaft
68 and an endless belt 65 is trained around the pulleys 64, 66. The
pulley 66 has two flanges one of which is rigid with the shaft 68
and the other of which is movable axially of the shaft 68 toward
and away from the fixed flange. The shaft 68 is mounted in a frame
67 which comprises two sidewalls 69, 70 pivotable on trunnions 71,
72 provided at the axial ends of an elongated worm 73 which meshes
with the worm wheel 55, the latter being mounted on the vertical
shaft 53. The upper ends of the sidewalls 69, 70 are connected with
stubs at the axial ends of a rod 74 which is rotatable with
reference to the side arms. The trunnions 71, 72 of the worm 73 are
rotatable in bearing brackets 75, 76 which are rigid with the
platform 7. The angular position of the frame 67 can be adjusted by
a feed screw 77 which is rotatable in a frame member 78 secured to
the platform 7 and is provided with a hand wheel 79. The feed screw
77 meshes with the rod 74, i.e., the latter performs the function
of a spindle nut and is moved toward or away from the frame member
78, depending on the direction of rotation of the hand wheel 79.
The aforementioned axially movable flange of the pulley 66 is
biased against the fixed flange by a helical spring 80 which
surrounds the shaft 68 and bears against the sidewall 69 of the
frame 67. When the hand wheel 79 is rotated in a sense to move the
rod 74 toward the frame member 78, the belt 65 causes the movable
flange of the pulley 66 to move away from the fixed flange against
the opposition of the helical spring 80 so that the belt 65 then
drives the shaft 68 at a higher speed. The shaft 68 carries a
further pulley 81 for a belt 82 which drives a pulley 83 on the
trunnion 72 of the worm 73. Thus, by rotating the hand wheel 79,
the operator can change the transmission ratio between the output
shaft 14 and worm 73. It is clear that the regulating device shown
in FIG. 7 comprises means for permitting some swiveling of the feed
screw 77 with reference to the frame member 78 so as to compensate
for changes in the level of the rod 74 when the hand wheel 79 is
rotated in a sense to move the rod toward or away from the frame
member.
By changing the speed of the worm 73, the operator changes the
speed of the shaft 53 and hence the speed of the shaft 50 (FIG. 3)
and cams 48, 63 and 57. Thus, the operator can change the angular
position of the support 5 on the column 9, the intervals between
successive ejections of balls and the length of paths along which
the balls travel (i.e., the inclination of the barrel 1 at the
moment of ball discharge). However, and as long as the speed of the
motor 15 remains constant, the operator cannot change the distance
which the ball covers in air in a predetermined angular position of
the barrel 1 with reference to the horizontal plane. In other
words, the operator cannot change the speed at which the balls
issue from the outlet 36a if the speed of the motor 15 is constant.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a variable-speed drive which can change
the rotational speed of the barrel 1 about the axis 17 of the drive
shaft 4. In this embodiment of the invention, the sleeve 6 is not
rigid with the platform 7, i.e., the latter is movable axially of
the sleeve 6 and column 9. The sleeve has a radial arm 84 for a
vertical feed screw 85 which is provided with a hand wheel and
meshes with the platform 7. Thus, by rotating the screw 85, the
operator can raise and lower the platform 7 with reference to the
collar 10 which supports the sleeve 6. The pulley 13 of FIG. 3 is
replaced by an adjustable pulley or sheave 113 one flange of which
is rigid with the output shaft 14 and the other flange of which is
biased toward the one flange by a helical spring 185 bearing
against a collar on the output shaft 14. The support 5 is rigid
with the sleeve 6; therefore, when the feed screw 85 is rotated in
a sense to move the platform 7 downwardly, the belt 165 (which
replaces the belt 12 or the belt 65) penetrates deeper between the
flanges of the pulley 113 and the rotational speed of the shaft 4
is reduced accordingly. The rotational speed of the shaft 4 is
increased when the platform 7 is caused to move upwardly. In this
embodiment of the invention, the shaft 153 which replaces the shaft
53 comprises two sections which are telescoped into each other so
that the effective length of the shaft between the gear 52 and worm
wheel 55 increases or decreases in response to displacement of the
platform 7 along the sleeve 6. As shown in FIG. 8, the shaft 153
comprises two sections of polygonal cross-sectional outline so that
the lower section can transmit torque to the upper section. It is
clear that the arrangement shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be dispensed
with if the motor 15 is replaced by a variable-speed motor or if
the shaft 14 is driven by a variable-speed transmission which
receives motion from the motor 15. By adjusting the axial position
of the feed screw 85, the operator can change the distance which
the balls 19 cover on ejection from the barrel 1 while the
inclination of the barrel with reference to the horizontal plane of
the platform 7 remains unchanged.
Referring finally to FIG. 10, there is shown a portion of an
apparatus which can impart to the balls a spinning motion or
"English". This is achieved by causing the balls to roll in the
barrel 1 prior to discharge from the respective outlet or muzzle.
In other words, the distance between the blocking device for the
foremost ball in the barrel 1 and the outlet of the barrel must be
selected in such a way that the ball rolls in the barrel prior to
issuing from the outlet. The resulting spin does not disappear
while the ball travels in air so that the player can practice
return strokes by hitting the balls while the balls spin. It is
further desirable to construct the apparatus in such a way that the
balls may be caused to spin at the will of the operator or player,
i.e., that the barrel 1 can discharge balls with or without
"English". It is to be understood, however, that the apparatus can
be furnished with two barrels one of which discharges balls with
and the other of which discharges balls without spin and that the
two barrels can be used interchangeably.
The barrel 1 of FIG. 10 comprises all of the parts which are shown
in the left-hand portion of FIG. 4 but the stop 16 is removed so
that the balls can also be discharged from the right-hand outlet or
muzzle 36b of the barrel. The stop 16 is replaced by a second
arcuate blocking arm 200 which forms part of a second blocking
device 180 and is pivotable on a shaft 220 mounted in bearing eyes
230. A locking lever 240 for the arm 200 is fixed to a shaft 250
which has a bent over end portion 250a corresponding to the end
portion 25a of shaft 25. The distance between the blocking arm 200
and the second outlet 36b exceeds the distance between the arm 20
and outlet 36a. Thus, when the arm 200 releases a ball 19c, such
ball must roll in the barrel 1 on its way toward the outlet 36b and
receives a spin which remains during flight of the ball.
The manner in which the end portion 250a of the shaft 250 for the
locking lever 240 is controlled is the same as described for the
lever 24 and shaft 25. Thus, the carrier 28 is provided with a
second projection 30 (not shown) which can be moved into or away
from the path of the end portion 250a in order to effect movement
of the blocking arm 200 to the retracted position which is shown in
FIG. 10 by phantom lines. The arm 200 can but need not be moved to
retracted position when the left-hand portion of the barrel 1 is
empty and when the intercepting lever 37 assumes the operative
position shown in FIG. 10. The arm 37a of the lever 37 then
performs the same function as the stop 16 of FIG. 4 with the
exception that it prevents successively admitted balls from
travelling toward the arm 20. The shaft 53 of the apparatus which
embodies the structure of FIG. 10 is provided with a second cam 57
which controls a second master switch in a second electric circuit
to intermittently energize a second electromagnet which can release
the projection for the end portion 250a of the shaft 250 at desired
intervals and in desired angular positions of the barrel. The paths
of the end portions 25a, 250a are preferably concentric so that the
two projections (namely, the projection 30 for the end portion 25a
and the nonillustrated second projection for the end portion 250a)
can be mounted at different radial distances from the axis of the
carrier 28. The projection 30 is invariably retracted when the
projection for the end portion 250a is in extended position, and
vice versa.
The operation of the apparatus including the structure of FIG. 10
is as follows:
At the start, the barrel 1 is empty. When the first ball 19a enters
the barrel by way of the inlet 36, it engages the arm 37a of the
intercepting lever 37 which is held in operative position.
Centrifugal force which acts upon the ball 19a while the barrel 1
rotates about the axis 17 causes it to move against the arm 200 of
the blocking device 180 which is held in operative or blocking
position as shown by solid lines. The leftmost portion 190c of the
thus displaced ball 19a in the position 19c then performs the
function of the stop 16 and cooperates with the arm 37a of the
intercepting lever 37. If the lobe 58 of the cam 57 then closes the
master switch 35 to energize the electromagnet E for the pawl 31a,
the projection 30 causes the arm 20 to move to the retracted
position which is shown by phantom lines and the ball whose entry
was blocked by the portion 190c of the ball 19a in the position 19c
and by the arm 37a of the intercepting lever 37 is free to move to
the position 19b and to the position 19 upon repeated closing of
the switch 35. On third closing of the switch 35, the arm 20 allows
the ball to issue from the outlet 36a. The ball 19c simply remains
in abutment with the blocking arm 200 as long as the corresponding
second circuit remains open. In this way, the barrel 1 of FIG. 10
can discharge a succession of balls 19 without spin.
If the player thereupon decides to practice hitting balls which
arrive with a spinning motion, the cam 57 is removed or the circuit
34 is opened by an auxiliary switch, not shown, and the operator
attaches a different cam 57 (or the same cam) in a position in
which the lobe or lobes of such different cam can complete the
circuit for the projection which acts upon the end portion 250a.
The intercepting lever 37 remains in the position which is shown in
FIG. 10 so that it does not allow balls entering via inlet 36 to
move to the position 19b and from such position into abutment with
the arm 20. Thus, a ball which enters by way of the inlet 36 is
free to move to the position 19c as soon as the arm 200 moves to
blocking position which is shown by solid lines. The arm 200
performs the function of the arm 20 and that of the lever 37
because it can prevent movement of balls from the position 19a to
the position 19c when it is held in retracted position and permits
movement of balls 19a to the position 19c when in the solid-line
blocking position. The locking lever 240 is permanently biased to
locking position by a torsion spring which is similar to the spring
27 so that it normally tends to assume the solid-line position of
FIG. 10. The ejection of balls with a spinning motion is repeated
as often as necessary, i.e., as long as the second projection
continues to strike against the end portion 250a of the shaft 250
for the locking lever 240. The arrangement may be such that the
operator of the apparatus can rapidly shift from ejection of balls
without spin to ejection of balls with spin and vice versa so that
the player can practice under circumstances closely resembling
situations which arise during a game.
As stated before, the improved apparatus can be used with equal
advantage for throwing of other types of projectile, for example,
for throwing of baseballs, soft balls or clay pigeons. When used by
baseball players, the apparatus can throw balls to be caught by
outfielders or it can serve as a pitching machine.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the
gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current
knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without
omitting features which fairly constitute essential characteristics
of the generic and specific aspects of my contribution to the art
and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be
comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the
claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters
Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
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