U.S. patent number 3,584,770 [Application Number 04/794,635] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-15 for intravenous bottle having expandable inner receptacle.
Invention is credited to Philip Taylor.
United States Patent |
3,584,770 |
Taylor |
June 15, 1971 |
INTRAVENOUS BOTTLE HAVING EXPANDABLE INNER RECEPTACLE
Abstract
An intravenous bottle which dispenses intravenous fluids by
gravity feed. The bottle includes a sterile expandable receptacle
which is connected to the atmosphere via an inlet port. As the
fluid for intravenous injection is dispensed from the bottle, air
is drawn into the expandable receptacle. The expandable receptacle
acts to prevent the contact of the air from the atmosphere with the
fluid to prevent spoilage thereof.
Inventors: |
Taylor; Philip (Philadelphia,
PA) |
Family
ID: |
25163205 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/794,635 |
Filed: |
January 28, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/479; 604/141;
604/257; 604/199 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61J
1/05 (20130101); A61J 1/1487 (20150501); A61J
1/1406 (20130101); A61J 1/1462 (20130101); A61J
1/18 (20130101); A61M 5/14 (20130101); A61J
1/1468 (20150501) |
Current International
Class: |
A61J
1/00 (20060101); A61M 5/14 (20060101); B67d
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/DIG.12,214
;222/386.5,479 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tollberg; Stanley H.
Claims
What I claim as invention is:
1. In an intravenous bottle for dispensing fluids by gravity feed
in an intravenous injection and which fluids should not be exposed
to the atmosphere, said bottle having inflexible walls and being
atmospherically sealed, said bottle having a pair of ports, one of
said ports adapted for the removal of said liquid, an expandable
receptacle within said bottle, said expandable receptacle being
connected to the atmosphere via the other of said ports so that as
said fluid is dispensed, air is drawn into said expandable
receptacle; said receptacle is conformable to the shape of the
inner surface of said bottle as it expands and contacts the same
and prevents direct contact between the atmosphere and said fluid,
said receptacle adapted to expand to substantially replace the
dispensed fluid contents of said bottle.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein said receptacle is color coded
in accordance with the fluid dispensed.
3. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ports are provided in a
stopper at the neck of said bottle.
4. The invention of claim 1 wherein said receptacle comprises a
balloon.
5. The invention of claim 1 wherein said receptacle includes an
elastomeric wall which is of varying thickness to predetermine the
shape as said receptacle expands.
6. The invention of claim 1 wherein a regulating valve is connected
to said port adapted for the removal of said liquid and a
regulating valve is also connected to said port connected to the
atmosphere.
Description
This invention relates generally to intravenous injections and more
particularly to an intravenous bottle which prevents contamination
of the fluid therein during an intravenous injection.
When making injections of a dextrous solution or other fluids for
insertion into the bloodstream of a patient, an intravenous bottle
containing the fluid is conventionally suspended above and adjacent
to the patient. The intravenous bottle normally includes a stopper
at the neck of the bottle having an inlet and an outlet port. When
used in intravenous injection, the bottle is inverted so that the
outlet port is connected directly to the patient via an elongated
tube and the inlet port is connected to the atmosphere.
Consequently, as the fluid is dispensed through the outlet port,
air from the atmosphere is drawn into the inlet port in order to
take up the volume of liquid that has been removed from the
bottle.
In many intravenous injections, the fluid in the bottle is
dispensed over a relatively long period of time. During this
period, bacteria in the air can contaminate the fluid within the
bottle. In the case of dextrous solutions as well as fluids such as
blood, a host environment is provided which is extremely
susceptible to infection from the bacteria in the air. Even in the
most sterile environments, such as hospitals, when patients are
visited by friends, there is nothing to prevent the bacteria from a
harmless sneeze or cough of one of the visitors from ultimately
contaminating the fluid in the bottle.
One means that has been provided in order to reduce the
contamination of the fluid in the bottle is a cotton insert
provided at the inlet port of the intravenous bottle. There are,
however, disadvantages in using a medicated cotton. The first of
the disadvantages is that many forms of bacteria in the air are not
filterable. A second disadvantage is that where the cotton is
packed tightly, the flow of fluid can be completely inhibited
because the flow of air into the bottle is impeded which is
necessary to take up the volume of liquid which has been removed.
Another important disadvantage is that the use of cotton can
prevent higher flow rates of the liquid into the bloodstream where
it is desired or required.
It is therefore an object of the invention to overcome the
aforementioned disadvantages.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
intravenous bottle having a sterile expandable receptacle connected
to the inlet port thereof to prevent the contact of air from the
atmosphere with the fluid contained in the bottle.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
intravenous bottle which maintains the sterility of the fluid
therein during the dispensing thereof.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
intravenous bottle which can maintain sterility of the fluid
therein while dispensing the fluid quickly by gravity feed.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a new and
improved intravenous bottle having a safety means for preventing
too fast a flow of fluid into the blood system of a patient.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a new and
improved intravenous bottle having a sterile expandable insert to
prevent contamination of the fluid therein, said receptacle acting
to identify the fluid being dispensed.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by providing
a vessel for dispensing fluids which easily spoil during exposure
to the atmosphere. The vessel is atmospherically sealed and
includes a pair of ports. One of the ports is adapted for the
removal of the liquid therein. An expandable receptacle is provided
which is connected to the atmosphere via the other of the ports so
that as the fluid is dispensed, air is drawn into the expandable
receptacle. The receptacle prevents direct contact between the
atmosphere and the fluid.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this
invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better
understood by reference to the following detailed description when
considered in connection with the accompanying drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an intravenous bottle
embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the intravenous
bottle;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 wherein a portion of the fluid
in the intravenous bottle has been dispensed;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of an alternate intravenous
bottle embodying the invention with portions thereof shown in
section for purposes of clarity; and
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a second alternate intravenous
bottle embodying the invention.
Referring now in greater detail to the various figures of the
drawing wherein similar reference characters refer to similar
parts, a liquid dispenser embodying the invention is shown
generally at 20 in FIG. 1.
The intravenous bottle 20 is a conventional glass vessel having a
bracket 22 connected about the periphery adjacent the bottom
thereof which is connected to a wire 24 for suspension of the
intravenous bottle in an inverted position.
As best seen in FIG. 2, at the opposite end of the intravenous
bottle 20, a neck 26 of the bottle is provided with a rubber
stopper 28 therein. Stopper 28 preferably includes a pair of ports
which extend vertically through the stopper. A first port is
utilized to receive a substantially rigid tube 30, which is
connected via conventional intravenous tubing to the bloodstream of
a patient. The stopper 28 may also comprise a stopper of the
self-sealing type with the ports developed by use of an entry
spike.
As best seen in FIG. 1, tube 30 is connected via a bulb 32 to
flexible tubing 34 which extends to the patient. The flow through
the tubing 34 is regulated by a suitable plastic pinch valve 36
which varies the opening in the tubing 34 to regulate flow. The
bulb 32 enables the user to visually determine the rate of flow of
fluid out of the bottle into the bloodstream.
As best seen in FIG. 3, the tube 30 is terminated at 38 so that the
edge thereof is inclined. The inclination of edge 38 produces a
sharp edge which is utilized in insertion of the tube 30 to
penetrate the seal in the port of the stopper of the bottle which
is provided for sealing the contents thereof. In the second of the
ports, a tube 40 is provided which extends substantially centrally
of the bottle. The tube 40 includes a nipple 42 at the end thereof
to which an expandable receptacle 44 is attached.
The expandable receptacle 44 is basically comprised of a sterilized
flexible elastomeric material and suitably comprises a balloon. The
tube 40 is preferably permanently secured in the stopper 28 and
terminates at the outer surface of the stopper. The port in the
stopper connected to tube 40 may include a breakable seal. The seal
is optional, however, since the expandable receptacle 44 is
provided at the opposite end of the tube 40 and therefore seals the
contents of the bottle 20 from the atmosphere.
The stopper 28 is placed into the bottle 20 after a predetermined
amount of liquid is placed into the bottle. The stopper 28 normally
includes a seal over the first port which is penetrable by the end
38 of the outlet tube 30.
The expandable receptacle 44 may also take the form of a
collapsible or folded bag which has flexible but inelastic walls.
As the air enters the bag, the bag unfolds and expands to
accommodate the intake of air. Moreover, the receptacle 44 is
suitably colored to identify the solution in the bottle that is
being dispensed. Not only are different colored receptacles
contemplated, but also different patterns (i.e. stripes, dots,
etc.).
As best seen in FIG. 3, during the use of the bottle, the tube 30
is inserted in the first port of stopper 28. After the intravenous
fluid is emitted via tube 30, air from the atmosphere enters tube
40 via the second port and is drawn into the expandable receptacle
44. The air which is drawn into the balloon is equal in volume to
the volume of liquid 46 that has been dispensed through the tube
30.
The receptacle 44 is expanded automatically as the fluid is
dispensed by gravity feed because the removal of the fluid causes
the air in the vessel to occupy a larger space and thereby cause a
reduced pressure therein. The atmospheric pressure in tube 40 is
then larger and causes the receptacle to increase until the
pressure in the bottle and the atmospheric pressure are
substantially equal.
It can therefore be seen that a new and improved intravenous bottle
has been provided. The inlet portion to the bottle is connected to
an expandable receptacle which is expanded as the fluid is
dispensed from the intravenous bottle. Since the receptacle 44 is
air tight, the air cannot make contact with the fluid 46. Thus, no
matter how contaminated the air about the intravenous bottle 20,
the fluid 46 remains sterile throughout thereby preventing any
bacterial or other infections from entering the bloodstream of the
patient. Moreover, the use of colored patterns on the receptacles
44 enables quick identification of the fluid dispensed.
FIG. 4 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention. The
intravenous bottle 20 shown therein includes an alternate form of
expandable receptacle 50. The intravenous bottle 20 is otherwise
similar to bottle 20 shown in FIG. 1. The expandable receptacle 50
is connected to the second port of the stopper 28 via a shorter
tube 52 than tube 40 in FIG. 1 so that the expandable receptacle is
located closer to the stopper of the bottle. The receptacle 50
basically differs from receptacle 44 in that the receptacle
includes a wall of varying thickness. That is, the uppermost
portion 54 of the wall of the receptacle 50 comprises a very thin
and elastic membrane which is more easily expandable than the
remaining portion 56 of the wall of the receptacle. In this manner,
it assures the receptacle of expanding at the top thereof so that
the expansion of the receptacle cannot preclude fluid from reaching
the port of the stopper 28.
In FIG. 4, the receptacle 50 is shown in full line in an
intermediately expanded condition. The portion shown in phantom
shows the receptacle expanded when the fluid has reached the level
of dotted line 58 shown therein. The receptacle 40 facilitates the
complete removal of fluid from the intravenous bottle. That is,
where the intravenous bottle 20 is completely filled, there is the
chance that as the fluid is completely removed in the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1, the receptacle 44 may be broken because of its
deformation about a rigid tube 40. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
4, the receptacle 50 more easily conforms to the shape of the
bottle 20 as the fluid is dispensed.
Referring now to FIG. 5, an intravenous bottle 20 is shown
utilizing an alternate inlet tube 100. The inlet tube 100 is
flexible so that a pinch valve 102 may be utilized to regulate the
flow of air to the receptacle 44. The valve 102 supplements valve
36 so that if either valve 36 or 102 should be inadvertently
removed, the flow of fluid out of the bottle cannot be greatly
increased and thereby provide a hazard to the patient. The
provision of the flexible tube 100 having a pinch valve 102 is
enabled by the provision of having an expandable receptacle 44
provided within the intravenous bottle 20.
That is, where the expandable insert is not provided, it is
necessary to filter the incoming air by means of cotton or other
purifying filters. Thus, the flow of air therethrough is not
regulatable except by compacting or loosening the cotton.
It should also be understood that the size of the port in the
stopper 28 may be increased to increase the flow of fluid out of
the intravenous bottle. In such a case, there is still no problem
of contaminating the fluid within the bottle in that the receptacle
44 maintains a barrier between the air from the atmosphere and the
fluid.
Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully illustrate
my invention that others may, by applying current or future
knowledge, readily adapt the same for use under various conditions
of service.
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