U.S. patent number 3,582,536 [Application Number 04/819,691] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-01 for corrugated coaxial cable.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Andrew Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert F. Miller.
United States Patent |
3,582,536 |
Miller |
June 1, 1971 |
CORRUGATED COAXIAL CABLE
Abstract
The bending life of coaxial cable with a helically corrugated
copper outer conductor is greatly increased, without impairment of
other important mechanical or electrical characteristics, by
employing specific relations of corrugation pitch and depth to each
other and to overall cable diameter.
Inventors: |
Miller; Robert F. (Chicago,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Andrew Corporation (Orland
Park, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25228786 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/819,691 |
Filed: |
April 28, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/102D;
138/121 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01B
11/1839 (20130101); H01B 11/1808 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01B
11/18 (20060101); H01b 011/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;174/102,102.6,106.6,36,28,29 ;138/121,122,128,114,173
;333/96,99 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
794,933 |
|
May 1958 |
|
GB |
|
939,399 |
|
Nov 1948 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Askin; Laramie E.
Assistant Examiner: Grimley; A. T.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. In a coaxial cable comprising an inner conductor, a foam
dielectric surrounding the inner conductor, and a helically
corrugated copper outer conductor surrounding the dielectric, the
improved construction having the ratio of the corrugation depth to
the corrugation pitch of the copper outer conductor substantially
in the range of 0.55 to 0.70 with the copper outer conductor having
a ratio of thickness to corrugation pitch between 0.05 and 0.20 and
having a ratio of outer diameter to pitch at least equal to 3.5,
and having an inner conductor of stranded wire.
2. The coaxial cable of claim 1 having the ratio of the outer
diameter to corrugation pitch between 3.5 and 4.5.
Description
This invention relates to coaxial cable of the type having a
helically corrugated copper outer conductor, and more particularly
to cables of this type having a foam dielectric.
Helically corrugated foam-dielectric cable, particularly of the
type of construction shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,173,990 of Robert P.
Lamons, is now in widespread use in many applications wherein older
types of cable, normally with braided outer conductors, were
previously employed. Because of the superior resistance to crushing
or other cross-sectional deformation, together with exclusion of
moisture and similar mechanical advantages which permit operation
under conditions which would produce prohibitive degradation of the
performance of older cables, the corrugated sheath of outer
conductor of solid copper provides substantially lower attenuation
and, at the same time, complete containment of leakage radiation.
Wherever high standards of cable performance are required,
particularly where conditions of use produce a hazard of crushing,
etc., the corrugated cable is normally advantageous. However, a
notable exception has heretofore existed in the type of use wherein
the cable is exposed to frequent flexing. In permanent fixed cable
installations, the corrugated cable is more or less freely
interchangeable with older types of cable, the flexibility being
generally fully adequate even though substantially less than that
of the braided cable. However, the corrugated cable known before
the present invention has not been suitable for applications
involving repeated bending, as in coupling items of equipment
frequently moved with respect to each other or in a movable test
equipment and similar uses wherein the required bending force and
the limited bending life which are of little significance in fixed
installations become important.
A typical corrugated foam cable is half-inch 50-ohm cable with a
dielectric of low-loss polyethylene foam. Such cable has been
manufactured for a number of years and is often used in fixed runs
where braided cable would have been previously used. Such cable,
however, had heretofore had very limited bending life. The outer
conductor of such cable normally fails after about a hundred or so
cycles of bending back and forth to a radius of the neighborhood of
5 inches on a mandrel. Such mandrel bending is of course not fully
representative of actual conditions of use, in which the end of the
cable is normally affixed to some item of equipment, and the
bending motion is some form of back-and-forth movement of a remote
portion of the cable, thus producing nonuniform bending which is
maximized at the point where the cable is secured, i.e., its point
of connection to an end connector. (The point of stress need not,
of course, be at the end of the cable, since passage through a
panel-mounted or wall-mounted feed-through bushing will have the
same effect). Accordingly, the bending life may be specified in
terms of a test more closely approximating actual use conditions
than cycles of "radius bends." One simple form of test "rocks" the
free end of a test specimen back and forth to apply reverse bending
about a rigidly clamped portion until the point of failure. Such a
test is readily automated by reciprocatory motion of a support ring
or fork about a central position aligned with the clamped portion
of the cable. A back-and-forth stroke of about 10 inches (5 inches
in each direction from the neutral position) at about 9 inches from
the point of clamping of the cable produces failure points (in
terms of full-bending cycles) fairly accurately predicting cable
performance under most conditions of use for a half-inch cable. The
corrugated cables of the prior art are found to fail after a number
of cycles of the same general magnitude as in the reverse mandrel
bending, i.e., of the order of 100 to 150 cycles.
It has been found that a large improvement can be effected in the
bending life of corrugated copper foam-dielectric cables previously
known by proper relation of the pitch of the helical corrugations
to their depth and to the overall cable diameter. Not only is this
improvement accompanied by no important loss or diminution of other
features of mechanical or electrical performance, but indeed the
performance features are substantially improved in a number of
respects beyond the increase in bending life. Resistance to
hydrostatic pressure is increased by a substantial factor and there
is also increase of the strength against impact. The cable is much
more flexible in terms of the force required for bending and the
minimum bending radius is substantially reduced.
The manner of achievement of these objects is best described in
connection with the drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a view, partially in side elevation and partially broken
away in longitudinal section, of the foam-dielectric cable of the
invention; and
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the cable.
Except for the dimensioning established by experimentation, the
illustrated cable is of conventional construction. The inner
conductor 12, of stranded wire, is surrounded by a foam-dielectric
sleeve 14 extruded thereon and the outer conductor 16, formed from
a strip and welded at 18, is helically corrugated, the root or
inner diameter 20 of the corrugation compressing the foam
dielectric, but the crest 22 being spaced from the dielectric. If
so desired, the void 24 thus formed may be provided with moisture
barriers (not illustrated) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,394,400
of Robert P. Lamons. The cable illustrated also employs, when so
desired, a suitable plastic jacket. Where such a jacket is applied
by extrusion, however, care must be used to insure that the plastic
does not extend to any substantial depth in the corrugations.
The primary object alteration of prior art constructions required
for achievement of the improved performance of the invention is,
shown by legend in the drawing, employment of a corrugation depth
d.sub.c and pitch P such that the ratio of the former to the latter
is between 0.55 and 0.70. The outer diameter D.sub.o is from 3.5 to
4.5 times the pitch, and the thickness T of the copper sheet
forming the outer conductor is between 0.05 P and 0.20 P.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention employs an inner conductor
12 of No. 8(AWG) seven-strand copper wire, of which is extruded a
foam polyethylene dielectric of approximately 0.325 outer diameter.
The outer conductor 16 is formed from copper strip of 0.010-inch
thickness and helically corrugated, with generally sinusoidal
corrugation configuration, to a depth of approximately 0.075 inch
with a helix pitch of approximately 0.120. The bending life of the
half-inch outer diameter cable is a large multiple of that of a
conventional corrugated half-inch cable. The simulated actual
use-test oscillation earlier described produced an average bending
life of well over 1500 cycles. The reverse bending on a 5-inch
radius produced no failures within the lifetime thus indicated by
the other test.
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