U.S. patent number 3,582,048 [Application Number 04/839,768] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-01 for inline fluid mixing device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Union Oil Company of California. Invention is credited to Amir M. Sarem.
United States Patent |
3,582,048 |
Sarem |
June 1, 1971 |
INLINE FLUID MIXING DEVICE
Abstract
A device for installation in a flow conduit for mixing fluids
flowing through the conduit. The device consists of an elongated
body member containing a plurality of longitudinally spaced
apertured mixing elements, the mixing elements being comprised of
solid plugs having lengths equal to at least one quarter of their
diameter and having a plurality of angularly disposed apertures
therethrough. The angle of the apertures can be reversed in
adjacent mixing elements to improve fluid mixing.
Inventors: |
Sarem; Amir M. (Yorba Linda,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Union Oil Company of California
(Los Angeles, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25280574 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/839,768 |
Filed: |
June 12, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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701617 |
Jun 30, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
366/340; 138/38;
138/42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
5/0688 (20130101); B01F 5/0644 (20130101); G05D
11/006 (20130101); B01F 5/0682 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01F
5/06 (20060101); G05D 11/00 (20060101); B01f
015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/4,18,36
;138/40,42,38 ;239/402,403 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Chi; James Kee
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
701,617, filed June 30, 1968, now abandoned.
Claims
Having now described my invention, I claim:
1. A fluid mixing device for installation in a fluid-carrying
conduit, which comprises:
an elongated housing having an inlet end and an outlet end;
connecting means at either end of said housing for fluid-tightly
connecting the device to a fluid conduit;
a plurality of apertured mixing elements positioned in
longitudinally spaced relationship within said housing, each of
said mixing elements comprising a solid body having a
cross-sectional configuration substantially conforming to the
interior shape of said housing, a length of at least about
one-fourth of its width, and having a plurality of angularly
disposed longitudinal apertures extending its length; and
means for maintaining said mixing elements in fixed longitudinal
positions within said housing.
2. The device defined in claim 1 including a fluid conduit
connection in the side of said elongated housing for connecting an
additional fluid conduit laterally into said housing.
3. The device defined in claim 2 wherein said side connection is
located intermediate the inlet end of said housing and said mixing
elements.
4. The device defined in claim 1 wherein said apertures in said
mixing elements are disposed at an angle of from about 30.degree.
to 75.degree. from the center longitudinal axis.
5. The device defined in claim 1 wherein said apertures in said
mixing elements are substantially uniformly disposed in said
elements.
6. The device defined in claim 1 wherein the apertures in adjacent
mixing elements are angularly displaced in opposite directions to
cause a reversal in the rotational direction of flow of fluids
passing therethrough.
7. A fluid mixing device for installation in a fluid-carrying
conduit, which comprises:
an elongated tubular housing having an inlet end and an outlet
end;
connecting means at either end of said housing for fluid-tightly
connecting the device to a fluid conduit;
a fluid conduit connection in the side of said elongated housing
for connecting an additional fluid conduit laterally into said
housing;
a plurality of apertured mixing elements positioned in
longitudinally spaced relationship within said housing, each of
said mixing elements comprising a solid cylinder adopted to fit
within said housing and having a length from about one-fourth of
its diameter to about equal to its diameter, said cylinder having a
plurality of uniformly disposed longitudinal apertures extending
the length thereof, said apertures being disposed at an angle of
from about 30.degree. to about 75.degree. from the center
longitudinal axis; and
means for maintaining said mixing elements in fixed longitudinal
positions within said housing.
8. The device defined in claim 7 wherein the apertures in adjacent
mixing elements are angularly displaced in opposite directions to
cause a reversal in the rotational direction of flow of the fluids
passing therethrough.
9. The device defined in claim 8 wherein each of said mixing
elements are of a length equal to about one-half of their diameter
and wherein said apertures are disposed at an angle of about
45.degree. from the center longitudinal axis.
10. A fluid mixing device for installation in a fluid-carrying
conduit, which comprises:
an elongated tubular housing having an inlet end and an outlet
end;
connecting means at either end of said housing for fluid-tightly
connecting the device to a fluid conduit;
a fluid conduit connection in the side of said elongated housing
for connecting an additional fluid conduit laterally into said
housing;
a plurality of apertured mixing elements positioned in
longitudinally spaced relationship within said housing, each of
said mixing elements comprising a solid cylinder adapted to fit
within said housing and having a length equal to about one-half of
its diameter, and having a plurality of longitudinal apertures,
extending the length of said cylinders, said apertures being
uniformly disposed at an angle of about 45.degree. from the center
longitudinal axis, and the apertures in adjacent mixing elements
being angularly displaced in opposite directions to cause a
reversal in the direction of rotation of the fluids flowing
therethrough; and
tubular spacers adapted to fit within said housing and placed
between said mixing elements to maintain said elements spaced apart
in said housing.
Description
This invention is directed to fluid mixing, and more particularly
to an improved inline mixing device for installation in a flow
conduit that is adapted for mixing fluids flowing through the
conduit.
It is often desired to mix two or more fluids in a flow conduit so
as to obtain a uniformly admixed fluid mixture. In the simplest
mode of accomplishing this mixing, the fluids can be introduced
into the conduit and passed through a length of the conduit.
However, the effectiveness of the mixing obtained by this technique
is largely dependent upon the fluid properties and flow velocities
involved. Often, particularly with fluids which are not readily
miscible, the conduit must be unreasonably long to assure uniform
mixing. Accordingly, various devices have been proposed for
installation in the flow conduit to improve the efficiency of
mixing. However, the heretofore known inline mixing devices have
not provided satisfactory mixing in all applications and need
exists for an improved inline mixing device that is relatively
simple and economical to construct, that is compact and easy to
disassemble for cleaning, and that provides good mixing
performance. A further need for an improved inline mixing device
arises for admixing a small quantity of fluid material, such as an
inhibitor, catalyst, or dye, into a relatively large volume of
fluid flowing through a conduit.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a
device for installation in a flow conduit that effects mixing of
two or more fluids flowing through the conduit. Another object is
to provide an inline fluid mixing device that is relatively simple
and economical to construct. Still another object is to provide a
compact fluid mixing device. A yet further object is to provide an
efficient inline mixing device that is easily disassembled for
cleaning. A still further object is to provide an inline mixing
device particularly adapted for mixing a small amount of a fluid
into a relatively large volume of fluid flowing through a conduit.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from
the following description and appendant drawings, of which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken longitudinally through one
embodiment of the device of this invention.
FIG. 2 is an end view of the device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken longitudinally through another
embodiment of the device of this invention.
FIG. 4 is an end view of the apertured mixing element.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the apertured mixing element
showing the approximate configuration of apertures.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein there is illustrated one
embodiment of the invention comprising elongated body member or
housing 10 provided with end flanges 12 and 14 adapted to mate with
a flanged conduit, such as a conventional flanged piping system.
While it is to be recognized that the body 10 can be constructed
with any cross-sectional shape, in one convenient configuration the
body 10 is of tubular construction and has a circular cross
section. Thus, body 10 can comprise a relatively short flanged pipe
spool. The flanges 12 and 14 are respectively provided with a
number of holes 16 and 18 arranged about their circumferences to
accommodate the bolting of flanges 12 and 14 to the mating flanges
of the piping system. The flanges 12 and 14 can also be provided
with raised faces 20 and 22, respectively, to afford a gasket
surface. The gasket, not shown, is installed between the mating
flanges on assembly to afford a fluid-tight connection of the body
member 10 to the piping system.
The assembled mixing device has a plurality of apertured mixing
elements 30 positioned within the body 10, two such elements being
shown in the device illustrated in FIG. 1. The angularly disposed
apertures in the mixing elements impart rotational motion to the
fluids passing therethrough. Accordingly, improved mixing can be
effected by reversing the angle of rotation in adjacent mixing
elements so that the direction of rotation of the fluids is
reversed in passing through each of the mixing elements. The
apertured mixing elements 30 are maintained in a relatively fixed,
longitudinally spaced position within body 10 by means of spacers
32 placed between the elements and the threaded retainers 34, and
by similar spacers 32 placed between adjacent elements. Spacers 32
can comprise any form of structure that maintains the elements in a
fixed longitudinal position within the body 10 and that allows
fluid to flow through body 10. In one form, these spacers can
conveniently comprise short tubular sections having an outside
diameter slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the body 10
so that the spacers are easily assembled therewithin, and having an
unobstructed center flow passage to readily accommodate the passage
of fluid through the device.
Flanges 12 and 14 are internally threaded to receive the similarly
threaded annular retainers 34. The use of standard Acme threads in
this service allows the retainers to be readily removed to permit
dismantling of the mixing assembly for cleaning and replacement of
the mixing elements. The interior opening of the threaded retainers
can be constructed with a hexagonal or other polygonical shape to
permit insertion of an appropriate tool for engaging and
disengaging the threaded retainers. Alternatively, instead of
employing a threaded retainer 34 at each end of the device, one
flange can be provided with an internal shoulder, or other fixed
retainer means, and the other of the flanges provided with a
threaded retainer.
In this embodiment of the invention, two or more fluids are
introduced into a fluid conduit upstream of the mixing device and
the fluids mixed upon passing through the device. The number of
mixing elements, and the size and configuration of the apertures
can be varied, depending upon the physical properties of the
fluids, to effect optimum mixing of the fluids. Alternatively, the
device can be provided with one or more additional fluid inlets, as
will be hereinafter more fully described, so that additional fluids
can be introduced into the device and admixed with the main fluid
stream passing therethrough.
Another embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. 3, that is
particularly suited for smaller size installations, comprises a
mixing device having an elongated body member 60, such as a
relatively short section of pipe or other conduit internally
threaded at 62 and 64 adjacent either end to receive similarly
threaded annular retainers 66. Retainers 66 are provided with
hexagonal or other polygonical shaped heads 68 to facilitate
assembly and disassembly of the device, and are internally threaded
at 70 for attachment of a conduit, such as a threaded pipe. Since
it is preferred that the threads 62 and 64 are of the Acme type to
facilitate insertion and removal of the retainers, retainer 66 is
provided with circumferential groove 72 adapted to receive O-ring
74 to provide a fluid-tight joint. Also, the internal diameter of
the body 60 can be increased in diameter in the threaded sections
62 and 64 to facilitate insertion of the mixing elements and
spacers.
As in the hereinbefore described embodiment of the invention, a
plurality of perforate mixing elements 30 are positioned within
body 60, the device illustrated in FIG. 3 having three such
elements 30 maintained in a relatively fixed, spaced longitudinal
relationship by spacers 32 as hereinbefore described.
Also, the mixing device shown in FIG. 3 illustrates means for
introducing a second fluid directly into the mixing device. In this
embodiment, body member 60 is provided with lateral inlet
connection 76 at a point on the inlet side, or upstream, of the
first mixing element. The main fluid enters axially onto the body
member 60 and passes longitudinally therethrough, and a second
fluid enters body member 60 through side connection 76, these
fluids being admixed in passage through the downstream mixing
elements. The spacer 32 juxtaposed to the inlet 76 is apertured at
78 to permit entry of the fluid. Alternatively, fluid inlet 76 can
be located between two of the mixing elements 30 so that the second
fluid is admixed at an intermediate point. Also, other lateral
inlet connections can be provided in the body member 60 to permit
the introduction of additional fluids at intermediate points in the
device.
The mixing elements 30 are preferably constructed of a solid plug
of metal, or of a plastic, such as Teflon, having a cross-sectional
size and configuration adapted to provide a slip fit in the body
member. Thus, for use with the preferred tubular body members,
mixing element 30 is constructed of a solid cylindrical plug. The
mixing performance of the device depends at least in part on the
respective configuration of the individual mixing elements, it
having been found that superior performance is obtained with a
device employing elements that have a length at least about
one-fourth of their width, i.e., the longitudinal dimension of the
mixing element as assembled in the device is at least about
one-fourth of the transverse dimension. While the element 30 can be
of any length in excess of this critical dimension, it is preferred
that the element be no less than about one-fourth of its width or
diameter and no greater than about equal to this dimension. In an
even more preferred embodiment, the length of the element 30 is
maintained at about one-half of its width or diameter. Thus, in a
device employing a tubular housing, the individual mixing elements
each comprise short solid cylinders having a length of from about
one-fourth of its diameter to about equal to its diameter, and
preferably having a length equal to about one-half of its
diameter.
As more specifically illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, mixing element
30 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal apertures 80
circumferentially disposed about the element and extending its
length, the apertures being disposed at an angle from the center
axis of the element. The apertures 80 can be conveniently formed by
drilling through the plug at an angle with the longitudinal axis,
the apertures preferably being disposed at an angle of about
30.degree. to about 60.degree., and even more preferably at an
angle of about 45 degrees. Accordingly, the apertures 80 originate
at one face of mixing element 30 and extend the length of the
element, preferably terminating at the opposite face at a point an
equal radial distance from the longitudinal axis as the origin, but
angularly displaced therefrom. The apertures 80 are arranged so
that flow is not blocked by the spacers 32. Rotational flow
direction is imparted to the fluids passing through the angularly
disposed apertures. Improved mixing is achieved by reversing the
angular displacement of the apertures in adjacent mixing elements,
thereby causing the rotational direction of flow of the fluids to
be reversed on passing through each mixing element.
Two or more fluids, introduced into and passing through the
above-described mixing device are admixed sufficiently that the
fluid discharged from the device is substantially uniformly mixed.
While the mixing device of the invention can be used to admix any
fluid materials, it is particularly adapted for admixing a small
amount of a second fluid into a main fluid stream flowing through a
conduit. The device of this application has particular application
in adding small volumes, such as one percent, or less, of an
inhibitor, catalyst, dye, or other fluid agent into a main fluid
stream passing through a conduit.
The improved mixing obtained with the device of this invention and
the effect of the dimensions of the mixing plugs on mixer
performance is demonstrated by a comparative mixing test in which
kerosene and water are admixed with the mixing device of this
invention and with a similar mixing device employing plug elements
having lengths less than the critical length, i.e., having lengths
less than one-fourth of its diameters. The mixing device is
assembled substantially as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 of the
drawings. Outer housing 60 and tubular spacers 32 are constructed
of transparent plastic tubing so that the mixing action at various
locations within the device can be viewed during the test. Three
plug elements 32 are mounted in longitudinally spaced relationship
within the housing 60 so as to define an inlet chamber upstream of
the first plug element, an intermediate chamber between the first
and second plug elements, a second intermediate chamber between the
second and third plug elements, and an exit chamber downstream of
the last plug element.
In this test, kerosene and water are contained in separate closed
reservoirs. The kerosene is dyed green and the water is dyed red to
facilitate observation of the mixing action within the mixing
device. Air under regulated pressure is introduced from a common
air conduit into the top of each reservoir above the liquid surface
to force the kerosene and water, respectively, from the reservoirs
and through separate conduits to the mixing device. The liquids are
introduced separately into the inlet chamber of the mixing device,
are contacted as they pass through the device, and the admixed
liquid effluent is collected in a graduated cylinder and the
collected volume measured at various time periods. The liquid flow
rate through the mixing device is controlled by adjusting the
pressure maintained in the liquid reservoirs. Since air is supplied
to the reservoir from a common source, each reservoir is maintained
at the same pressure, and the relative proportion of kerosene and
water admixed is substantially constant throughout the test.
A first series of test runs are made at different flow rates
employing a mixing device in which the three mixing elements 30 are
constructed of flat plates having a diameter of 1 inch and a
thickness of one-sixteenth inch. Thus, the length of the plug
elements employed in these test runs is one-sixteenth of the
diameter, which is less than the critical value of one-fourth of
the diameter. Each plug element has five small longitudinal
apertures uniformly disposed at an angle of about 45.degree. from
the center longitudinal axis substantially as illustrated in FIGS.
4 and 5 of the drawings. The angular displacement of the apertures
is reversed in adjacent plug elements to reverse the direction of
rotation of the liquids passing through successive plug elements.
Test runs are made at reservoir pressures of 10, 20, 40 and 60
p.s.i.g. to determine mixing performance at various flow rates. The
appearance of the liquid in both of the intermediate chambers and
in the exit chamber of the device is noted at each flow rate and
compared with a standard to establish the degree of mixing obtained
in each mixing stage. The admixed liquid exiting the mixing device
readily separates into two phases in the collection vessel.
A second series of test runs at similar flow rates is made
employing a mixing device in which the three mixing elements 30 are
constructed of cylinders having a diameter of about 1 inch and a
length of one-half inch. The length of the plug elements employed
in these test runs is one-half of the diameter, which is in
accordance with the configuration of this invention. Each plug
element has five small longitudinal apertures uniformly disposed at
an angle of about 45.degree. from the center longitudinal axis
substantially as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. The angular
displacement of the apertures in adjacent plug elements is
reversed. The degree of mixing of the liquids after passage through
each plug element is determined, as before. It is observed that the
degree of mixing of the liquids obtained with the mixing device of
this invention is superior at all flow rates tested than that
obtained with the mixing device employing mixing elements having a
length less than one-fourth of their diameter. The results of this
comparative mixing test are reported in table 1. ##SPC1##
Various embodiments and modifications of this invention have been
disclosed in the foregoing description and the attendant drawings,
and further modifications and revisions will be apparent to those
skilled in the art. Such modifications and changes are included
within the scope of this invention as defined by the following
claims.
* * * * *