U.S. patent number 3,581,888 [Application Number 04/887,841] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-01 for position memory system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sphere Investments Limited. Invention is credited to Leonard Kelly, George R. Mounce.
United States Patent |
3,581,888 |
Kelly , et al. |
June 1, 1971 |
POSITION MEMORY SYSTEM
Abstract
A memory system for storing positional information of objects
moving through a zone. The zone has a number of imaginary channels,
and the system provides a number of modules which are fewer in
number than the number of imaginary channels. A scanning device
makes repeated scans across the zone and each module stores
information on one particular object being traversed by the scan. A
storage register is provided for each channel and a module actuates
one or more storage registers according to the lateral position and
extent of an object, to store a signal representing longitudinal
extent of an object. The storage registers advance at a rate
related to the rate of movement of the objects.
Inventors: |
Kelly; Leonard (Peterborough,
Ontario, CA), Mounce; George R. (Willowdale, Ontario,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Sphere Investments Limited
(Nassau, BA)
|
Family
ID: |
10487596 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/887,841 |
Filed: |
December 24, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 1968 [GB] |
|
|
61888/68 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
209/565; 209/587;
365/244; 209/639 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B07C
5/368 (20130101); B03B 13/02 (20130101); B07C
5/361 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B03B
13/00 (20060101); B03B 13/02 (20060101); B07C
5/36 (20060101); B07c 005/342 () |
Field of
Search: |
;209/73,74,111.7,111.8,75 ;340/146.2,172.5,173 (FF)/ ;340/168S |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Knowles; Allen N.
Claims
We claim:
1. A position memory system for storing information relating to the
position of randomly distributed objects as the objects move
through a zone having at least three arbitrarily defined imaginary
channels, comprising scanning means to scan across said channels
and to provide first signals representing objects traversed by the
scan, timing register means to provide second signals representing
the instant of time at which a scan traverses the boundaries of
said channels, a plurality of modules fewer in number than the
number of said channels, arranged in a predetermined sequence and
connected to receive said first and second signals, each module
being adapted to handle information relating to one object and to
remain associated with that object while the object moves past the
scan, whereby the first module in the sequence not handling
information related to an object will be receptive to signals
representing the next object encountered for the first time by the
scan, a number of storage register means equal in number to the
number of said channels and each associated with one of said
channels indicative of the lateral position thereof, each said
storage register means being connected to every module, each said
module being responsive to said first and second signals to select
appropriate storage register means representing the lateral
position and extent of the particular object being handled by the
module and to pass to said appropriate storage register means a
third signal representation of the longitudinal extent of the
particular object being handled by the module, said third signal
representation being retained in said storage register means and
advancing along said storage register means at a rate related to
the rate of movement of the particular object through said
zone.
2. A position memory system as defined in claim 1 in which the
objects are moved through said zone on a conveyor belt.
3. A position memory system as defined in claim 1 including reset
means to reset a module and make it available to associate with
another object once it has passed its information to one or more
storage register means.
4. A position memory system as defined in claim 1 in which the
scanning means is a light scanning means which includes a light
sensitive detector for receiving light reflected from objects
traversed by the scan and which provides said first signals
representative of the reflected light.
5. A position memory system as defined in claim 4 in which said
scanning means includes means to derive from the reflected light a
plurality of parameters and to provide information on said
parameters as part of said first signal.
6. A position memory system as defined in claim 5 in which each
module includes integrating means to integrate and store
information on said parameters relating to the object with which
the module is associated.
7. A sorting apparatus incorporating a position memory system as
defined in claim 6, and further including a rejection device for
each said channel, each rejection device being controlled by a
respective storage register means to accept or reject an object,
said modules each including means to compare said parameters in a
predetermined manner and to provide said third signal only when an
object is to be rejected, the representation of said third signal
as retained in said storage register means actuating a respective
rejection device to reject an object when said representation
advances to a point in said register corresponding to the object
moving past the rejection device.
8. A sorting apparatus as defined in claim 7 in which the rejection
devices are a series of airblast nozzles extending across the zone
in side-by-side relationship.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a memory system for storing the position
of objects as they move through a zone, and in particular it
relates to a memory system for storing information as to the
position of irregularly shaped objects with reference to
arbitrarily defined locations.
The memory system may conveniently be used in apparatus for sorting
ore to store information relating to the position of each piece of
ore, and if desired to store other information concerning each
piece of ore, as the pieces of ore move through a sorting zone. The
invention will be described with reference to the sorting of ore,
but it will be apparent that it could be used in other equipment
and apparatus where it is desired to store information on the
position of various objects passing through a zone.
A type of short term memory associated with a scan is known in a
counting system for counting particles. Here the field which is to
be scanned is stationary and the scan makes repeated sweeps across
the field as it slowly moves along the field in the manner of a
scan in a television receiver. As the scan encounters a particle it
stores this in a simple memory to ensure that if the succeeding
sweep or sweeps of the scan encounter the same particle it will be
counted only once. A particle is therefore counted only when the
scan has passed it. It will be seen that while the position of a
particle may be temporarily stored, the position of each and the
approximate size of each is not stored. The memory system according
to the present invention stores the lateral extend, lateral
position, longitudinal extent and longitudinal position of objects
as they move through a zone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a memory
system which stores the lateral position and extent and the
longitudinal position and extent of objects as they move through a
zone.
According to one embodiment of the invention there is provided a
position memory system for storing information relating to the
position of randomly distributed objects as the objects move
through a sorting zone having at least three arbitrarily defined
imaginary channels, comprising scanning means to scan across said
channels and to provide first signals representing objects
traversed by the scan, timing register means to provide second
signals representing the instant of time at which a scan traverses
the boundaries of said channels, a plurality of modules fewer in
number than the number of said channels, arranged in a
predetermined sequence and connected to receive said first and
second signals, each module being adapted to handle information
relating to one object and to remain associated with that object
while the object moves past the scan, whereby the first module in
the sequence not handling information related to an object will be
receptive to signals representing the next object encountered for
the first time by the scan, a number of storage register means
equal in number to the number of said channels and each associated
with one of said channels indicative of the lateral position
thereof, each said storage register means being connected to every
module, each said module being responsive to said first and second
signals to select appropriate storage register means representing
the lateral position and extent of the particular object being
handled by the module and to pass to said appropriate storage
register means a third signal representation of the longitudinal
extent of the particular object being handled by the module, said
third signal representation being retained in said storage register
means and advancing along said storage register means at a rate
related to the rate of movement of the particular object through
said zone.
In another embodiment of the invention the position memory system
is incorporated in a sorting apparatus and it stores not only the
position of the objects being sorted but also information on
several parameters associated with each object so that the
parameters may be assessed for each object, a decision made on
whether to accept or reject the object, and a control signal passed
to a rejection means to reject a particular object in a certain
position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a sorting apparatus with which the
invention may conveniently be used,
FIG. 2 is a partial end view of the apparatus of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram indicating the layout or manner in which
FIGS. 5 to 8 may be read together,
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram useful in describing one
embodiment of the invention in general terms, and
FIGS. 5 to 8 are schematic diagrams showing an embodiment of the
invention in more detail.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
For convenience in the following description, the term "pieces of
rock" will be considered to refer to pieces or fragments which may
be undesirable waste pieces, to pieces or fragments which may be
desirable or valuable, or to pieces or fragments which contain both
waste and a valuable constituent. Also in the following description
the words "white," "whiter" and related words are used, and the
words "black," "blacker" and related words are used. These words
are used in connection with pieces of rock to denote relatively
lighter and darker surfaces. In other words, a colored surface may
be referred to as having whiter areas and blacker areas, although
the areas are not technically white or black.
In FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown, in simplified form, a side view
and an end view of a sorting apparatus with which the position
memory system of this invention may be used. This type of sorting
apparatus is known, and a description may be found in U.S. Pat.
application, Ser. No. 789,999. A brief description of the apparatus
will be given here to serve as a background for describing the
present invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a hopper 10 is shown holding pieces of
rock indicated at 11. The pieces of rock move downwards under the
influence of gravity and are discharged onto a vibrating table 12
driven by a motor 14. Vibrating table feeders are well known.
Pieces of rock move along the surface of table 12 and are
discharged at the end onto a second vibrating table 15 driven by a
motor 16. The pieces of rock move along the surface of table 15 and
are discharged at the end onto a slide plate 17.
The speeds of vibration of tables 12 and 15 are preferably
independently adjustable for greater control of the feed. The
tables are preferably adjusted to provide a closely packed but
single layer of pieces of rock towards the discharge end of table
15. This will give an optimum rate of sorting.
The pieces of rock accelerate as they slide down plate 17 and are
discharged onto a moving belt 18. The belt is moving at a speed
greater than the speed of the pieces of rock being placed on it,
and this serves to increase the spacing between individual pieces
of rock. The belt 18 is supported by idler rollers 20 between a
head roller 21 and a drive roller 22, and is cleaned by a spray 23
and rotating brush 24.
The pieces of rock 11 are moved by belt 18 past a scanning device
25 which makes repeated scans across the width of the belt and
detects light reflected by the pieces of rock in the path of the
scan. The apparatus assesses the reflected light and makes a
decision which of the pieces are to be rejected. As the pieces of
rock reach the head roller 21 they are discharged in a free fall
trajectory past a rejection device 26. The rejection device 26 is
shown as consisting of 20 airblast nozzles 27 in side-by-side
relationship extending across the width of the path followed by the
pieces of rock. Depending on the decision reached, one or more
airblast nozzles may be actuated to direct a blast of air at a
piece of rock and deflect it. The pieces of rock that are deflected
by an airblast fall onto a belt 30 and the pieces of rock that are
not deflected fall onto belt 31.
It is necessary to isolate the scanning device 25 from the
rejection device 26, and it is desirable that they be spaced or
separated by a distance of several feet. A separation of several
feet is desirable because airblast rejection generates some splash
and mist which could interfere with the optical scanning.
It will be apparent that some means must be provided to remember
the position of each piece of rock as it is scanned and to store
this position as the rocks move along the belt and past the
rejection device in order that the correct airblast nozzles may be
actuated and actuated at the appropriate time. It might be possible
to have one memory associated with each airblast nozzle. This would
require 20 separate memories with associated equipment for the
apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2. In such a system the output from the
optical scan would be electrically divided into 20 portions. Each
portion would be associated with an imaginary channel defined by
one of the rejection devices whereby a piece of rock passing the
scanning device and lying in one of the imaginary channels would
remain in that channel until it passed the respective rejection
device. Thus, in such a system there would be a common optical
scanning device, 20 devices to assess a portion of the scan, 20
devices to decide whether or not a piece of rock should be
rejected, 20 devices to remember the position of a piece of rock,
and 20 devices to reject a piece of rock. It is doubtful that such
a system would accurately handle the sorting of rocks which
occupied two or more channels. In addition, such a system would be
undesirable because the circuitry and apparatus is complex and
expensive. It is desirable to keep the circuitry and the number of
components to a minimum.
The present invention reduces the number of components by providing
a series of modules, less than the number of imaginary channels, to
assess and remember the position of each piece of rock. The number
of modules required for a particular set of circumstances may be
calculated. For example, from the anticipated range of rock sizes,
belt speeds, rock spacing and scan speed it may be calculated that
no more than eight rocks will ever be encountered in one scan, and
therefore eight modules would be required for those conditions.
In the following description, reference will be made generally to
the various edges of a piece of rock. To avoid confusion the terms
"leading edge" and "trailing edge" will not be used. Instead, using
the direction of movement of the pieces of rock as a reference
direction, the edges of the rock in the longitudinal direction or
direction of movement will be referred to as the front edge and the
back edge. As the pieces of rock move they are scanned and the path
of the scan traverses the pieces of rock substantially at right
angles to the direction of movement. As the scan traverses the
pieces of rock it will be assumed to move on to a piece of rock at
its left edge and leave at its right edge. That is, looking at the
apparatus as seen in FIG. 2, the scan moves from left to right.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a simplified schematic
block diagram of a sorting apparatus using the position memory
system of this invention. A light detector and amplifier 32
receives reflected light from objects in the path of repeated scans
across belt 18 as carried out by scanning device 25 (FIG. 1). A
suitable scanning device is described in aforementioned U.S. Pat.
application, Ser. No. 789,999. The output from the light detector
and amplifier 32 is applied to a signal development circuit 34. A
timing register 33 has a pair of photodiodes which are positioned
in the path of the scan and provide a signal as the scan starts
across the moving belt and a signal as the scan leaves the moving
belt. In the simplified schematic the register 33 is shown
providing two outputs. One output represents the time period when
the scan is traversing a region where useful information may be
derived, and this output is applied to signal development circuit
34 to actuate it only during the desired time period. The other
output consists of 20 signals, each representing one-twentieth of
the actual belt scan. This output, in effect, divides the path of
movement of the pieces of rock into 20 imaginary channels
corresponding to the 20 airblast nozzles 27. These 20 signals
representing, in effect, the channel boundaries are on individual
conductors in a cable 35 and are applied to a series of eight
modules 37--44. The modules 37--44 are identical and form part of
the position memory system.
The signal development circuit 34 receives a signal representing
the time period of the useful scan and a signal representing the
reflected light received by the light detector. The signal
development circuit is actuated during the scan to provide a
plurality of outputs, each output being a parameter of the signal
representing reflected light. Six parameters are shown and will be
described briefly hereinafter. The outputs representing the six
parameters are connected to selector switches 45 which enable an
operator to put any desired output signal representing a particular
parameter on any one or more of the six conductors 46 connected to
modules 37--44.
A rock timing circuit 47 receives a signal from signal development
circuit 34 and it provides two signals-- one representing the left
edge and one representing the right edge of each piece of rock
traversed by the scan. These two signals are applied to each of the
modules 37--44.
The modules 37--44 will be described more fully in the subsequent
detailed description. Very briefly, as the scan sweeps across the
belt 18 it will at some time traverse a first piece of rock. Module
37 will, in effect, lock onto this first piece of rock and will
accumulate the values of the input signals from conductors 46 that
are associated with the first piece of rock. That is, the values of
the input signals from conductors 46 will be accumulated as each
repeated scan traverses that first piece of rock. If the scan
encounters a second piece of rock while module 37 is locked onto
the first piece of rock, then the signals representing the second
piece of rock are passed to module 38 which locks onto the second
piece of rock. If the scan encountered a third piece of rock the
signals would be handled by module 39 and so on. When the first
piece of rock has completely passed the scan, and module 37 has
finished processing the signals associated with the first piece of
rock, then module 37 is released and will lock onto the next piece
of rock.
Thus, one of the functions the modules 37--44 carry out is to lock
onto a piece of rock and integrate the values of the input signals
representing the parameters for that rock. When the back edge of
the piece of rock passes the scan, the module concerned compares
the integrated values of the parameters in a predetermined manner,
and based on the comparison makes a decision whether or not the
piece of rock should be accepted or rejected. In addition, each
module 37--44 includes a memory capable of storing information
representing the length of the piece of rock from front edge to
back edge (i.e., the longitudinal extent), and of course
information representing the size of the piece of rock from left
edge to right edge (i.e., the lateral extent). It will be seen that
the information in the memory may be used to represent the length
and width (or longitudinal and lateral extent) of each piece of
rock. Because each module also receives timing pulses related to
the scan, it is possible to determine the position of each piece of
rock. If a piece of rock being handled by a particular module is to
be accepted, the module does not provide any output signal. If the
piece of rock is to be rejected, that module provides two output
signals. One output signal from a module is directed to a
particular one or more (depending on the lateral extent of the
piece of rock) of the gate systems 48. There are 20 gate systems
48, one for each airblast nozzle, but only three are shown to
simplify the drawing. This output signal represents the lateral
position and extent of the piece of rock. The other output signal
from the same module is applied to each of the gate systems 48 and
represents the longitudinal extent and longitudinal position of the
same piece of rock.
When one of the gate systems 48 receives two signals, it actuates a
respective memory 50 which is a type of a delay system or register.
For example, memory 50 may be a register in which the signal
representing the length of the rock actuates a number of units
corresponding to length, and this representation is passed down the
register to an output. The rate of movement of the register may be
controlled by and related to the rate of movement of the piece of
rock on the moving belt. Thus, the gate systems 48 and the memories
50 which may be referred to as a storage register means, carries or
provides information on the lateral extent, lateral position,
longitudinal extent and position longitudinally in the zone for
each piece of rock to be rejected. It will be apparent that the
system could be adapted to carry or provide information on the
position of each piece of rock if it was desired to use it for a
purpose other than sorting. When used as described for sorting the
memories 50 provide an output to a respective airblast control 51
at a time when the respective piece of rock will be passing in
front of the respective one of the airblast nozzles 27.
Suppose, for example, there is a small piece of rock being scanned
and it is in such a position on the moving belt that it occupies
only one of the imaginary channels, say the second channel from the
left as shown in FIG. 2. That is, this piece of rock will
subsequently fall from the end of the moving belt in front of the
second from the left of the airblast nozzles 27 as shown in FIGS. 2
and 4. Suppose further that this piece of rock is of such a
composition that it will be rejected. Now, still with reference to
FIG. 4, as the back edge of the piece of rock passes the scan, the
module handling that rock reaches a decision to reject the rock and
the module provides two output signals. One of the output signals
goes only to the input of the gate systems 48 of the channel second
from the left and therefore represents a rock which does not extend
beyond the imaginary boundaries of this channel. The other output
signal goes to all the gate systems 48 and is of such a nature that
the length of the rock is defined. Only the second from the left of
the gate systems 48 has the necessary combination of input signals,
and therefore only this gate opens and places the length of rock
information in the respective memory 50. As the piece of rock falls
in front of the second airblast nozzle from the left, the
respective control 51 actuates the airblast nozzle to deflect the
piece of rock.
It will be apparent that most pieces of rock will not be wholly
within one of the imaginary channels as defined by the airblast
nozzles 27. That is, most rocks will be of a lateral size or width
(left edge to right edge) that they will have at least portions
which pass in front of adjacent airblast nozzles. This does not
affect the operation. If such a piece of rock is to be rejected,
the output from the module locked onto that piece of rock will be
applied to an appropriate number of adjacent gate systems 48 to
cause an airblast from adjacent airblast nozzles 27 extending over
the width of the rock.
It is believed that the preceding description provides a general
understanding of the invention. A more detailed description will
follow with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8. FIG. 6a shows a minor
variation of the circuitry of FIG. 6. The FIGS. 5--8 together form
a schematic of one embodiment of the invention and they may be
considered together as indicated in the layout of FIG. 3. For ease
of reading from one figure to an adjacent figure, terminals have
been indicated at the appropriate edges of the circuitry of the
various figures.
Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a simplified block diagram of a
portion of a sorting apparatus which develops the signals
subsequently used by the position memory system of this invention.
The circuitry shown in FIG. 5 is similar to circuitry described in
the aforementioned U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 789,999. A light
detector 32a provides an electrical output representing the diffuse
light reflected by pieces of rock and the moving belt supporting
them as the scan moves across the scanning zone. The light detector
32a also provides an output as the scan traverses a white reference
reflector (not shown). The light detector output signal is
amplified by DC amplifier 32b and is applied to an area
discriminator and squarer 52, a black swing discriminator and
squarer 53, a white swing discriminator and squarer 54, a white
discriminator 55 and a black discriminator 56.
A timing register 33 has a pair of photodiodes which receive light
at the beginning and end of each scan or other means may be used to
provide a signal at the beginning and end of each scan. The timing
register 33 provides three general sets of signals as outputs. The
first set of signals consists of 20 gate signals each on separate
conductors in cable 57. These gate signals are consecutive in time,
and each gate signal represents one-twentieth of the scan. The
cable 57 goes to terminal A and continues on the next figure of
drawings. The second set of signals is a train of timing pulses
which are related to the gate pulses. For example, there may be
eight pulses for each of the 20 gates plus a number of pulses to
provide for timing of functions which occur before or after the
scan. That is, the pulse train may include 160 pulses for the
scanning period plus 24 additional pulses. The number of pulses is
not significant as long as they provide suitable timing. The timing
pulses are on conductor 58 and are available at terminal 0. The
third set of signals from timing register 33 are gating signals
which are applied to gate timing circuit 60 and amplifier
stabilization circuit 61. The gate timing circuit 60 provides a
gate pulse to area discriminator and squarer 52 to gate it on for a
time period corresponding to the time of the useful scan. The
amplifier stabilization circuit 61 is connected to the light
detector 32a and it is actuated as the scan passes a standard
reflector positioned outside the range of the scan across the
moving belt. It includes an automatic gain control circuit which
stabilizes the peak white level of the light detector. The
amplifier stabilization circuit is also connected to DC amplifier
32b and the amplifier is gated on when the light detector 32a
should be receiving no reflected light. It includes a black clamp
circuit which stabilizes the baseline or reference level of the DC
amplifier 32b.
A belt speed sensor 68 develops signals proportional to belt speed
and these are available at terminal R for use in circuitry which
will be described hereinafter. For example, the belt speed sensor
68 may be connected to the drive roller or drive motor. Preferably,
the belt speed sensor 68 may be a magnetic pickup adjacent a
portion of the belt, such as an edge of the belt, to detect the
passing of slugs of magnetic material fastened at spaced intervals
to the belt. The output of sensor 68 would, in this case, be a
series of pulses proportional to belt speed.
The area discriminator and squarer 52, which is gated on only
during the scan across the moving belt, receives the main video
signal from amplifier 32b and produces a square-shaped pulse
representing the time period between the scan moving onto a piece
of rock and the scan leaving the same piece of rock. That is, the
output pulse represents the lateral dimension or width of the piece
of rock at the scan, and the sum of these pulses for one piece of
rock would represent the scanned area of that rock. The edge of the
pulse which represents the left edge of a piece of rock is delayed
slightly in the area discriminator and squarer 52. This serves to
have the apparatus ignore small chips, and in addition the delay is
useful in a circuit to be described subsequently.
The output from the area discriminator and squarer 52 is shown
applied as one input to each of the black swing discriminator and
squarer 53, white swing discriminator and squarer 54, white
discriminator 55 and black discriminator 56, and also to rock
timing circuit 47 and one terminal of each of the selector switches
45.
The four circuits 53--56 are discriminator type circuits whose
level of discrimination may be individually set. As shown the
discriminator circuits 53--56 are connected to the output of area
discriminator and squarer 52 to provide a gating signal to the
circuits 53--56 to gate them on for the time the scan is passing
over a piece of rock. While it may be convenient to have the four
circuits 53--56 gated, it will be seen from the subsequent
description that it is not essential in practice to gate all the
four circuits. Each of the circuits 53--56 has applied thereto as
an input the main scanning or video signal from DC amplifier
32b.
The black discriminator 56 produces an output whenever the signal
representing reflected light is blacker than a predetermined level.
The output is a linear function of the blackness of the piece of
rock and may be referred to as the black linear signal. The output
from discriminator 56 is available on conductor 63 and thus at one
terminal of each of the selector switches 45 and is also applied to
squarer 62 which produces constant amplitude pulses corresponding
to widths of portions of rock being scanned which are darker than
the discriminator level. The output from squarer 62, which may be
referred to as the black-squared signal, is available on conductor
64 and thus at one of the terminals of each of the selector
switches 45.
Similarly, the white discriminator 55 produces an output whenever
the signal representing reflected light has a value above a
predetermined level, that is whenever the signal is whiter than a
predetermined level. It should be remembered that the white
discriminator 55 is gated on only when the scan is actually
traversing a piece of rock. The output from discriminator 55 is a
linear function of the whiteness of the rock and may be referred to
as the white linear signal. The output from discriminator 55 is
available on conductor 65 and thus at one terminal of each of the
selector switches 45 and is also applied to squarer 66 which
produces constant amplitude pulses corresponding to widths of
portions of rock being scanned which are lighter than the
discriminator level. The output from squarer 66, which may be
referred to as the white-squared signal, is available on conductor
67 and thus at one of the terminals of each of the selector
switches 45.
The white swing discriminator and squarer 54 operates in the same
manner as the combination of white discriminator 55 and squarer 66.
The level at which the discriminator is set may, of course, be
different so that the outputs are not necessarily identical.
Similarly, the black swing discriminator and squarer 53 operates in
the same manner as the combination of black discriminator 56 and
squarer 62.
It was previously mentioned that it is not essential in practice to
gate all the discriminator circuits 53--56. For example, the black
swing discriminator and squarer 53 produces an output whenever the
signal representing reflected light is blacker than a predetermined
level. As the belt is white no output will be produced while the
scan is on the belt. Therefore, there is no need to gate the black
swing discriminator and squarer 53 when a white belt is used, and
likewise there would be no need to gate black discriminator 56.
Obviously the reverse is true for the white swing discriminator and
squarer 54 and white discriminator and squarer 55 and these must be
gated with a signal from the area discriminator and squarer 52.
Similarly, it is essential in practice to gate the black
discriminators 53 and 56 when a black belt is used.
The outputs of swing discriminators and squarers 53 and 54 are fed
to variable stretch circuits 70 and 71 respectively. These stretch
circuits extend the pulse duration by an amount which may be set
into the stretch circuits. The outputs of stretch circuits 70 and
71 are applied as inputs to AND gate 72 which provides an output
only when there is a pulse present at both inputs. In other words,
there is an output from AND gate 72 only when the main video signal
swings from a predetermined black level to a predetermined white
level within the stretch time, or from the same white level to the
same black level within the stretch time. The rate of change from
black to white, or vice versa, which will produce an output from
AND gate 72 may be altered by changing the stretch time. The output
from AND gate 72 is therefore a number of pulses representing a
"count" of the times the main signal swings from black to white and
vice versa with a transition time less than the stretch time.
It will be apparent, for example, that when a black piece of rock
is on a white belt, there would normally be a count at the
beginning and at the end of the scan across the piece of rock.
Neither of these counts represents changes of the reflectivity or
color on the surface of the rock, and it would be desirable to
eliminate these two counts. The count which occurs as the scan
swings from belt white to the black of the rock presents little
difficulty. The swing discriminator 54 is gated by area
discriminator and squarer 52, and the swing discriminator 53 may be
similarly gated or acts in the same manner as has been described.
It will be recalled there is a small delay in the edge of the gate
signal from circuit 52 representing the left edge of a piece of
rock. Thus, the white swing discriminator and squarer 54 is not
gated on at the instant the scan passes from the belt onto the
piece of rock. Consequently there will be no count when the scan
moves from the white belt onto a black piece of rock. However, this
is not the case when the scan leaves the piece of rock, i.e., when
the scan passes from a black piece of rock to belt white. There
will be a definite interval between the time when the main video
signal is dropping at the rock edge but is still above the white
swing discriminator level and the time when the signal from the
area discriminator and squarer 52 cuts off the white discriminator
and squarer 54. Thus, as the scan passes from a black rock onto the
white belt, the AND gate 72 will receive a stretched black pulse
and a stretched white pulse. This will produce an output or a
count. The output from AND gate 72 is fed to a gated pulse delay
circuit 73 which is gated by the area signal from the area
discriminator and squarer 52. The delay in the gated pulse delay
circuit 73 is adjustable and is set so that the count caused by the
scan moving from a dark rock onto a white belt occurs just after
the end of the gate signal from area discriminator and squarer 52.
This serves to inhibit the count generated as the scan leaves a
piece of rock. For each valid count a pulse is issued by the gated
pulse delay circuit 73 and is available on conductor 74 and one
terminal of each of the selector switches 45.
It will be seen that there are six signals representing parameters
of the rock being scanned and each is available at one of the
terminals of the selector switches 45. The center or common
terminal of each selector switch 45 is connected to the manually
operable selector arm which may be moved to a terminal carrying any
one of the six signals. The selector switches are set so that the
desired signal is available at terminals B, C, D, E, F and G. The
same signal may, of course, be available at more than one of these
terminals if desired.
As was previously explained, terminal A has available twenty
separate signals on separate conductors of a cable and these
signals represent consecutive gates for 20 channels. The terminal 0
has available a timing pulse train. Terminals H and I carry signals
representing the left edge and right edge of a piece of rock as
seen by a scan.
FIG. 5 shows circuitry which is common, that is only one is
required in a sorting apparatus. FIGS. 6, 7 and part of 8 show
circuitry in one of the eight modules. That is, the embodiment
described would include eight similar groups of circuits but only
one is shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and part of 8 for ease of
illustration.
Referring now to FIG. 6, it will be seen that the signals at
terminals represented by A, H, I and O are not used in this portion
of the circuit and are carried through to FIG. 7. The signals at
terminals B, C, D, E, F and G, which represent the selected
parameters, are applied respectively to variable gated integrators
80--85. Each integrator 80--85 is gated on and off by signals
applied over cable 86 from terminals J and K. To simplify the
drawing a cable 86 has been used representing the conductors from
terminals J and K. The signal at terminal J is an enabling pulse
signal corresponding to the scan time across a piece of rock, that
is representing the time of scan from left edge to right edge of a
piece of rock being scanned where the module shown is locked onto
that piece of rock. The signal at terminal K represents the right
edge and may be used to ensure integration is complete. The source
of the signals at terminals J and K as well as those at terminals
L, M and N will be described in connection with FIG. 7.
The integrators 80--85 sum or integrate the signals at terminals
B-G for a particular piece of rock. The outputs from integrators
80--85 are signals proportional to the integrated input signals,
and these are applied to comparators 87, 88 and 89. Comparator 87
receives the signals from integrators 80 and 81, comparator 88
receives the signals from integrators 82 and 83, and comparator 89
receives the signals from integrators 84 and 85. After a piece of
rock has been completely scanned a signal from terminal L via
conductor 90 initiates a resetting of the integrators 80--85 so
that they are ready for another integrating operation. The
comparators 87--89 compare their input signals in a predetermined
manner and this is, of course, completed before the integrators
80--85 reset.
Each of the comparators may be set to provide an output when (a )
one input is greater than the other, (b ) the ratio of one input to
the other exceeds or is less than a predetermined value, and (c )
the sum or difference of the inputs is greater or less than a
predetermined value. It is more difficult and more expensive to
compare the ratio of two inputs and consequently the type of
comparator indicated at (b ) is not preferred in practice. The
comparators are set for a particular ore being sorted with levels
being chosen experimentally. The comparator outputs may be in a
mode providing a simple on or off, for example, with reference to
(a ) above, the comparator could provide an output of a fixed
predetermined level if a first input was greater than a second
input and no output if the first input was less than the second.
Alternately, the comparator may be arranged in a variable mode
where the output is variable, for example, with reference to (a )
above, the comparator could provide an output depending on the
amount by which a first input exceeds a second and a low reference
level if the first input does not exceed the second input. Thus,
all the comparators may be arranged in a mode to provide outputs
which are simple on/off outputs or they may be arranged to provide
continuously variable outputs with reference to (b ) or (c) as
indicated above for (a).
The outputs from comparators 87, 88 and 89 are applied to
comparators 91 and 92 as shown. Comparators 91 and 92 are similar
to comparators 87--89, they may be set in the same manner and
operate in the same manner. It will, of course, be apparent that if
comparators 87--89 are set to work in the on/off or digital mode,
then comparators 91 and 92 must work in the same mode. However, the
outputs from comparators 87--89 may be in a continuously variable
mode while comparators 91 and 92 are arranged to provide outputs in
a digital mode.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the comparators 91 and 92 are
followed by AND gates 93 and 94 as will be described. The AND gates
are suited to handling signals of a digital nature and
consequently, in this embodiment the outputs from comparators 91
and 92 should be digital in nature. It should be emphasized that
many arrangements of integrators and comparators may be made and
this is a feature of the apparatus. It can be readily adapted to
the characteristics of any ore and waste.
The output from comparator 91 is applied as one input to AND gate
93 and the output from comparator 92 is applied as one input to AND
gate 94. The other input to each of the AND gates 93 and 94 is via
conductor 95 from terminal M. The signal at terminal M is a
decision signal as will be described in connection with FIG. 7. The
decision signal available at terminal M enables the AND gates 93
and 94 at a time when a decision is required whether or not to
reject the piece of rock being handled by that module. The outputs
from AND gates 93 and 94 are applied as inputs to a final
comparator 96 which may, in this embodiment, be an OR gate or an
AND gate. Comparator 96 provides an output signal on conductor 97
if the piece of rock is to be rejected. The output signal on
conductor 97 may be referred to as the blast signal, and it is
available at terminal N.
It should be noted that many types of ore will not require six
parameters as the basis for making a decision as to the value of
each piece. In the majority of cases, four parameters will be
sufficient, and in some cases three will be sufficient. It will be
apparent that the number of components could be reduced where fewer
parameters were used. For example, if four parameters were to be
used there would be four signals representing these parameters
which could be integrated by integrators 80--83, and the outputs
could be compared on comparators 87 and 88 with their outputs going
to one final comparison stage 91. The blast signal would then be
available as the output from the gate 93. Many variations are
possible as a parameter may be used more than once in the
comparison stages.
Referring briefly to FIG. 6a, an alternative circuit arrangement is
shown where the outputs from comparators 91 and 92 are applied
directly to comparator 96a. The output from comparator 96a is in
digital form and is applied to an AND gate 98 which is enabled by
the decision signal from terminal M. As before the blast signal,
which is the output from AND gate 98, is available at terminal
N.
As an aid to understanding FIG. 7, the signals will be referred to
by using a "0 level" or a "1 level, " that is a binary-type
representation for a low signal level and a high signal level. It
will, of course, be apparent that many alternative arrangements are
possible in the circuitry of this invention, and particularly in
the circuitry of FIG. 7.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown the circuitry which enables
a module to lock onto a piece of rock and which provides the
signals referred to previously with reference to terminals J, K, L,
M and N. It is believed FIG. 7 may best be described by considering
its action and operation as signals are applied to it under
different conditions.
A module may be in one of three conditions at the instant the scan
moves onto a rock at the left edge, as follows:
1. The module may be locked onto another piece of rock and
consequently not available.
2. The module may be resting and waiting to lock onto the next
available piece of rock if it is given the opportunity to do
so.
3. The module may be already locked onto this piece of rock and be
waiting for the information from the scan across its surface which
is just beginning.
The circuitry will be described with reference to each of the above
conditions. The signals which are available are the timing pulses
at terminal O; a signal representing the scan leaving each piece of
rock, i.e., representing the right edge at terminal I; and a signal
representing the scan starting across each piece of rock, i.e.,
representing the left edge, at terminal H. The signals at upper
terminal A, representing the 20 channel signals, are not used by
this portion of the circuit and are carried by a cable to the lower
terminal A and thence to the circuitry of FIG. 8.
In condition (1 ) referred to above, the module is locked onto
another piece of rock. As the scan reaches the left edge of the
piece of rock in question, there will be a signal at terminal H.
This signal passes through all the modules in order as is indicated
by block 100, shown in a broken line, representing the preceding
module. The signal is passed through the preceding module and
appears on conductor 101. The signal may be in the form of a pulse
going from 0 to 1 and back to 0. It will be seen that the signal on
conductor 101 is applied as one input to AND gate 102, as one input
to AND gate 103, and as one input to AND gate 104.
A single-shot multivibrator or SSM, shown as 105 has one output
(indicated as the "one" output) connected as an input to AND gate
102 via conductor 130 and the other output (indicated as the "zero"
output) connected as an input to AND gate 103 via conductor 129.
SSM 105 is in its untriggered or rest state, as will be
subsequently described, because the module is locked onto another
piece of rock. Therefore, there is no signal (i.e., a 0 level) on
conductor 130 while there is a signal (i.e., a 1 level) on
conductor 129. Thus, when a signal representing the left edge of a
rock appears on conductor 101 it does not alter the condition of
AND gate 102 and the output from AND gate 102 will remain at 0
level. However, AND gate 103 has enabling signals at two of its
three inputs as has been described, that is one representing the
rock edge from conductor 101 and the other from SSM 105. The third
input to AND gate 103 comes from the output of NAND gate 106. The
purpose of NAND gate 106 is to ensure that the module does not lock
onto a piece of rock if another module has locked onto it. Also
NAND gate 106 is part of a circuit which prevents this module from
locking onto another piece of rock while it is still making a
decision or resetting itself after handling a piece of rock. This
will be explained subsequently. Because the module is locked onto
another piece of rock the NAND gate 106 is in such a condition that
an enabling signal (i.e., a 1 level) is provided at the third input
of AND gate 103. Consequently AND gate 103 is enabled and the
signal representing the left edge of a piece of rock passes along
conductor 107 to the next module.
In condition (2 ) referred to previously, the module is available
and ready to lock onto a rock. It is assumed that the module
described is the first available one and will be the one which
locks onto the new piece of rock.
The SSM 105 has not been triggered and remains in its rest
condition. There is consequently a 0 level on conductor 130
connected to AND gate 102 and AND gate 102 does not pass the left
edge of rock signal on conductor 101. However, the condition or
state of NAND gate 106 has changed from that described in
connection with (1 ) because the module is ready to lock onto a
piece of rock. The output of NAND gate 106 is 0 and there is no
enabling signal from it at the third input of and gate 103.
Therefore AND gate 103 does not pass the left edge of rock signal.
An inverter 110 is connected to NAND gate 106 and provides an
enabling signal (i.e., a 1 level) at one input of AND gate 104. The
other input of AND gate 104 carries the pulse signal representing
the left edge of a piece of rock. The AND gate 104 is enabled and
its output goes from 0 to 1 and back to 0 in accordance with the
pulse representing the left edge. It should be noted that the
signal on conductor 101 and the resulting change of output of AND
gate 104 at this time represents two things. It represents the left
edge of a piece of rock being traversed by the scan, but because it
is the first scan which traversed any portion of this piece of rock
it also represents the front edge of the piece of rock. Thus, the
output of AND gate 104, which is available at terminal P, may be
used to represent the front edge of a piece of rock.
The output from AND gate 104 is applied as one input to OR gate
111. There is a 0 input from AND gate 102 and a pulse from AND gate
104 which causes a pulse output from OR gate 111 going from 0 to 1
and back to 0. The output is applied to flip-flop 114, flip-flop
115, and OR gate 116 via conductor 117. This output serves to
trigger flip-flops 114 and 115 to their "set" condition, i.e., it
sets flip-flops 114 and 115. When flip-flop 114 is set it provides
a 1 level output on conductor 118, and this is available as an
enabling signal on one input of AND gate 120.
The flip-flop 115 when in the set condition provides an output at
terminal J and when it is in its reset condition provides an output
at terminal K. The flip-flop 115 is switched to its reset condition
by a pulse signal from terminal I over conductor 122 which is
common to all modules. The signal on conductor 122, as was
previously discussed, represents the right edge of a piece of rock.
Thus, the length of time that flip-flop 115 is in its set condition
represents the time that the scan spends traversing the particular
piece of rock to which the module is locked, and it is the time
interval for which the signals representing the various parameters
should be integrated. The integrate signal is available at terminal
J for use in the FIG. 6 circuitry as previously described, and for
use in the FIG. 8 circuitry. A signal representing the end of the
scan across the piece of rock (i.e., the right edge signal) is
available, if desired, at terminal K for the circuitry of FIG. 6 to
ensure integration is complete.
Returning now to OR gate 116, it will be recalled that a signal was
applied over conductor 117 which goes from 0 to 1 and back to 0.
This serves to inject one count into a counter 123 which is
arranged to be actuated by a single count after being reset.
Counter 123 when actuated by a count provides a signal (i.e., a 1
level) on conductor 124 to AND gate 120. The two signals on
conductors 118 and 124 permit the train of timing pulses, available
at terminal 0, to pass through gate 120. The train of timing pulses
pass through OR gate 116 to counter 123. It will be recalled that
the number of timing pulses have a fixed relationship with the
scan. The counter 123 is arranged to count a predetermined number
of the timing pulses and then provide an output to trigger SSM 105.
The number of pulses counted is set so that the scan has started
its next sweep and is almost to the same lateral position where it
encountered the left edge of the piece of rock on the previous
sweep. Thus SSM 105 is triggered slightly before the scan reaches
the position where it encountered the left edge of the piece of
rock on the previous scan, and the time that SSM 105 stays in its
triggered position is adjusted so that it returns to its
untriggered state slightly after the position where the left edge
of the piece of rock was encountered on its previous scan. In
effect, SSM 105 provides a short time period during which that
module may receive the pulse representing the left edge of the same
piece of rock on the next scan, and in this manner locks the module
onto that piece of rock. During the time SSM 105 is triggered it
provides an output at its terminal connected to conductor 130. This
is inverted by inverter 125 to provide a 0 level signal on
conductor 126. Conductor 126 is connected to conductor 127 which is
common to all the modules, and when a low level or 0 signal is on
conductor 127 all the other modules are inhibited from capturing
(i.e., handling) any signal on conductor 101. The conductor 127 may
be said to carry a capture inhibit signal.
A capture inhibit signal or low level signal on conductor 127
inhibits other modules from capturing a pulse signal on conductor
101 because it is applied over conductor 128 to NAND gate 106. A 0
on any input to NAND gate 106 will cause a 1 output which is
applied as an enabling signal to AND gate 103. Unless SSM 105 is
triggered there will be another enabling signal at AND gate 103 and
a pulse signal on conductor 101 will be passed, in effect, through
that module to the next.
Now to refer to previously mentioned condition (3), it will be
recalled the module is locked onto a piece of rock and waiting for
the next scan across the surface of that piece of rock. Counter 123
has just finished counting and it then simultaneously resets and
provides a signal to trigger SSM 105 and a 0 level on conductor
124. The 0 signal on conductor 124 ensures that the AND gate 120 is
not enabled and does not pass the pulse train signal from terminal
0. With SSM 105 in its triggered state there is a capture inhibit
signal provided on conductors 126 and 127 and there is an enabling
signal (i.e., a 1 level) applied to AND gate 102 over conductor
130. Thus, the pulse representing the left edge of the piece of
rock, when it arrives, will pass AND gate 102 and be applied to OR
gate 111. Thus, the OR gate 111 has a 0 at the input connected to
AND gate 104 and the pulse signal representing the left edge of a
piece of rock at the other input. A pulse signal is therefore
provided on conductor 117 to start the counting once more, and to
trigger flip-flop 115 to its set condition. The flip-flop 114 is,
of course, still in its set condition and remains there.
Now let us consider that portion of the circuit provided to handle
the situation when the piece of rock to which the module is locked
passes the scan. Suppose the module is in condition (1) where it is
locked on to another rock and is counting the timing pulses. The
module being locked to another rock is not responsive to this
particular piece of rock passing the scanning zone. Its operation
is as before. That is, there is a 1 level on conductor 124 and
because of inverter 142 there is a 0 on conductor 131. This causes
a 1 output from NAND gate 106 and ensures that AND gate 103 is open
and will pass signals to the next module as has been described. The
reset portion of the circuitry remains in active or quiescent.
However, to provide a complete description, the remaining circuitry
is given at this time and its operation discussed. Conductor 131 is
connected as one input to NAND gate 132 and carries a 0 signal. The
SSM 105 has not been triggered and there is a 1 level on conductor
129 and at the other input to NAND gate 132. The output from NAND
gate 132 is a 1 level and this is applied to SSM 133. The SSM 133
is arranged to be triggered by a change from 1 to 0 at its input.
In its untriggered or resting state SSM 133 provides a 0 level on
conductor 134 and a 1 level on conductor 135. The conductor 134 is
connected to terminal M and to SSM 137 while the conductor 135 is
connected to AND gate 136 as one input. The SSM 137 is in its
untriggered or resting state and consequently there is a 0 level on
conductor 138 and a 1 level on conductor 140. Conductor 138 is
connected to terminal L and conductor 140 is connected to AND gate
136 and to the reset terminal of flip-flop 114.
The AND gate 136 has three inputs, and all have enabling signals at
this time. The output of AND gate 136 is connected to a stretch
circuit 141. The AND gate 136 is enabled and provides a 1 level to
stretch circuit 141 and via circuit 141 to NAND gate 106. The NAND
gate 106 is not affected by this signal. As was previously
explained, the 0 level on conductor 131 causes the output of NAND
gate 106 to be 1 ensuring that AND gate 103 is open.
Now suppose the module finishes counting the timing pulses as was
described in connection with condition (3). With the completion of
the counting SSM 105 is triggered and the signal level on conductor
124 changes. Just prior to this there was 1 level on conductor 129
and a 0 level on conductor 131. Now with the triggering of SSM 105
there is a 0 level on conductor 129 and a 1 level on conductor 131.
It will be seen that the inputs to NAND gate 132 are reversed but
they are still a 0 and a 1 level. Consequently the output from NAND
gate 132 remains a 1 level and there is no triggering of SSM 133 or
SSM 137. However, the situation being considered is where the
particular piece of rock to which the module was locked has just
passed the scan. Therefore no pulse signal appears on conductor 101
during the time interval that SSM 105 is triggered. Thus, SSM 105
resets changing the signal on conductor 129 to a 1 level. There are
then two 1 levels at the inputs to NAND gate 132 and the output
from NAND gate 132 changes from 1 to 0 level. The SSM 133 is
arranged to trigger on this change and it provides a signal on
conductor 134 which may be referred to as the decision signal. This
signal is available at terminal M and signifies that a piece of
rock has been completely scanned and initiates circuitry for making
a decision to accept or reject that piece of rock as was described
in connection with FIG. 6. Conductor 134 is also connected to the
input of SSM 137 and SSM 137 is triggered when SSM 133 resets,
i.e., when the signal on conductor 134 changes from a 1 level to a
0 level. When SSM 137 is in its triggered state it provides a
signal on conductor 138 which may be referred to as the reset
signal and which is available at terminal L to reset the circuitry
of FIG. 6 for the handling of the next piece of rock. When SSM 137
resets, it also resets flip-flop 114 to remove the module engaged
signal from conductor 118.
During the time SSM 113 is triggered there is a 0 level on
conductor 135 and consequently at one input of AND gate 136. During
the time SSM 137 is triggered there is a 0 level on conductor 140
and consequently at one input of AND gate 136. When SSM 133 and 137
reset they provide a 1 level signal to these two inputs of AND gate
136. There is, of course, a 1 level signal on conductor 129 which
is connected to another input of AND gate 136. Thus, AND gate 136
is enabled and provides a 1 level output. However, stretch circuit
141 adds a small delay before it provides a 1 level signal to NAND
gate 106. The delay provided by stretch circuit 141 ensures that
enabled until all the circuitry has had time to reset, and then
provides a 1 level output to NAND gate 106 causing it to provide a
0 level (assuming there is no capture inhibit signal on conductor
127), and this in turn will enable AND gate 104 to accept signals
from the next available piece of rock. In other words, the
circuitry is now as described in connection with condition (2).
Referring now to FIG. 8, a line of division is indicated by a
broken line 145. This line of division is intended to separate FIG.
8 into two portions. The portion of the circuitry of FIG. 8 which
is to the left and above (as shown in the drawing) the line of
division is circuitry associated with a module. The portion of the
circuitry of FIG. 8 which is to the right and below the line of
division is circuitry common to the apparatus, that is, each of the
eight modules is connected to this common circuitry.
In FIG. 8 the terminals R, A, P, J, L and N are associated with the
same signals as previously described in connection with these
terminals. Considering first the transverse section, that is the
section of circuitry which provides signals to certain ones of the
20 channels across the diagram as seen in FIG. 8, the terminal A
has available 20 consecutive gate signals which are conducted by
cable 147 to a series of 20 AND gates 150. Only the first two and
the last one of the series of 20 AND gates 150 are shown for
simplicity of drawing and they are designated 151, 152 and 153.
Thus, an enabling gate signal is applied to a respective one of the
series of AND gates 150 by a conductor in cable 147 so that the
enabling signals are applied in sequence along the series
corresponding to the position of the scan. The terminal J has the
integrating signal for that module, indicating when the scan is
traversing the piece of rock to which the module is locked and this
integrating signal is applied over conductor 154 as an enabling
signal to an input of each of the series of AND gates 150. Whenever
there are two enabling signals at the inputs of one of the series
of AND gates 150, the particular gate provides an output which sets
the respective one of a series of 20 flip-flops 155. Again only
three of the series of 20 flip-flops 155 are shown and they are
designated 156, 157 and 158. It will be apparent that one or more
of the series of flip-flops 155 will be set when a module is locked
to a piece of rock, and the flip-flops which are set represent the
number and location of imaginary channels occupied by the piece of
rock as it moves through the sorting zone. The flip-flops remain in
their set condition until a reset signal appears from terminal L on
conductor 160. It will be recalled that the reset signal is
produced only when a module has been completed the handling of a
particular piece of rock.
Whenever one of the series of flip-flops 155 is set it provides an
output which is an enabling signal applied to one input of a
respective one of a series of 20 AND gates 161. Again, only three
of the series are shown and they are designated 162, 163 and 164.
The other input of each AND gate in the series of AND gates 161 is
connected in parallel via conductor 165 to terminal N which has the
blast signal. Thus, if the decision is to reject a piece of rock to
which the module is locked, there will be a blast signal on
conductor 165 and the gates in the series of AND gates 161
corresponding to the position and lateral extent of the piece of
rock will be enabled. The gates which are enabled will provide a
signal at an input to a respective one of a series of 20 OR gates
166. The OR gates shown are designated 167, 168 and 169. The series
of OR gates 166 are common and thus there are eight inputs to each
OR gate in the series (one from a respective AND gate in the series
of AND gates 161 in each of the modules).
Before continuing with the description of the common portion of the
circuitry, the description of the circuitry associated with each
module will be completed. In each module there is a flip-flop 171
having its set input connected to terminal P by conductor 172 and
its reset input connected to terminal L by conductor 193. The
output of flip-flop 171 is connected to one input of AND gate 173
by conductor 174. The other input of AND gate 173 is connected to
terminal R by conductor 175. Terminal R carries a source of signals
representing the speed of belt 18 (FIG. 1). As was previously
mentioned a signal from the driving motor may be arranged to
provide an appropriate signal, or preferably the belt may
incorporate slugs of magnetic material evenly spaced along one edge
so that they pass a magnetic pickup or sensor 68 (FIG. 5).
Flip-flop 171 is in its set condition from the time a piece of rock
to which the module is locked first enters the scanning zone until
it leaves the scanning zone. For this period of time flip-flop 171
provides an enabling signal to AND gate 173, and the output from
AND gate 173 is the series of pulses from terminal R. The series of
pulses from AND gate 173 may be called shift pulses and these shift
pulses may be applied to a divider 176 to reduce the number and to
keep the succeeding register to a convenient size.
The shift pulses, which are related to belt speed (i.e., speed of
the pieces of rock past the scan), are applied to a register 177.
The register 177 may comprise a series of flip-flops (of which the
first three have been designated to 180, 181 and 182), arranged so
that the shift pulses set the flip-flops in sequence. That is,
flip-flop 180 is set, then flip-flop 181 is set, then flip-flop 182
is set and so on. It will be seen that the number of flip-flops in
register 177 in their set condition are proportional to the length
of the piece of rock being handled by that module. Each flip-flop
in register 177 is connected to an input in a respective one of a
series of AND gates 183. The other input of each of these AND gates
is connected by conductor 184 to terminal N. Terminal N carries the
blast signal. When the blast signal is generated it provides an
enabling signal to one of the inputs of each AND gate in the series
of AND gates 183, and if a respective unit in register 177 is in
the set condition a signal will be provided at an input of a
respective one of a series of OR gates 185. The OR gates are
designated 186--192. Each unit in register 177 is connected to
terminal L by conductor 193. This ensures that the register 177 is
reset when the module has finished handling the piece of rock.
The series of OR gates 185 are common and thus there are eight
inputs to each OR gate in the series (one from a respective one in
the series of AND gates 183 for each of the eight modules). Thus,
there are a series of 20 OR gates 166 and a series of 7 OR gates
185, each of which has 8 inputs.
In the common portion of the circuitry of FIG. 8 there are 20
stepping registers of which only three are shown for convenience of
drawing. These three registers are designated 194, 195 and 196.
Each one of the registers 194--196 has a plurality of units
determined by the belt speed and the distance between the scanning
zone and the rejection means. The first seven units in the
registers 194--196 are shown in full, the drawing of the registers
is then broken, and a part of the last unit is shown. Only the
register 195 will be described in detail as the 20 registers are
all identical. The units in register 195 have been designated
200--207. The first seven units of register 195 are connected to
the output of a respective one of a series of seven AND gates 208.
The series of seven AND gates associated with registers 194 and 196
are designated 209 and 217. The AND gates in the series of AND
gates 208 are designated 210--216 and each has two inputs. One
input of each AND gate in the series of AND gates 208 is connected
by a conductor 217 to the output of OR gate 168. The other input of
each AND gate in the series of AND gates 208 is connected to the
output of a respective OR gate in the series of OR gates 185. That
is, the other input of AND gate 210 is connected to the output of
OR gate 186, the other input of AND gate 211 is connected to the
output of OR gate 187, and so on.
It will be seen that when the blast signal is available at terminal
N it will appear on conductors 165 and 184 of any module and there
will be signals at the outputs of certain ones of the series of OR
gates 166 and 185. At certain of the AND gates in the 20 series of
AND gates, of which 209, 208 and 217 are shown, a signal will be
present at both inputs, thus enabling these AND gates. The AND
gates will, in turn, set the respective unit in the respective one
of the 20 registers (of which 194, 195 and 196 are shown). At this
time the units which are set in the registers will represent the
lateral position, lateral extent or width, and longitudinal extent
or length of the piece of rock. The registers are driven or stepped
by the shift pulses used for register 177. Thus, the registers are
arranged so they continuously step towards the remote end at a rate
related to belt speed. It is important that the timing of the blast
and its duration be locked to conveyor belt speed. As the set units
in the registers reach the end of the register they actuate the
respective ones of airblast control units 51. The airblast control
units cause an airblast to be directed at the piece of rock as it
passes the airblast nozzles.
* * * * *