U.S. patent number 3,581,414 [Application Number 04/842,423] was granted by the patent office on 1971-06-01 for athletic shoe's safety traction-sole cleats.
Invention is credited to Frank J. Crawford.
United States Patent |
3,581,414 |
Crawford |
June 1, 1971 |
ATHLETIC SHOE'S SAFETY TRACTION-SOLE CLEATS
Abstract
Safety traction sole cleats for an athletic shoe. There are four
cleats fixedly attached to the sole, namely, a toe cleat, a front
ball cleat, a rear ball cleat, and a heel cleat. The toe, front
ball and rear ball cleats have sloped forward surfaces, flat lower
surfaces and rearward surfaces substantially perpendicular to the
lower surfaces, and the heel cleat has a flat lower surface and
surfaces around the lower surface sloping upwardly to the sole.
There are cut-cleat portions extending rearwardly from said front
and rear ball cleats.
Inventors: |
Crawford; Frank J. (Memphis,
TN) |
Family
ID: |
25287256 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/842,423 |
Filed: |
June 18, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/59R |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B
13/223 (20130101); A43C 13/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43C
13/00 (20060101); A43C 13/04 (20060101); A43c
015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/59,67,61,62,64,65,106,107 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
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500,198 |
|
Mar 1920 |
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FR |
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866,767 |
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Feb 1953 |
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DT |
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Primary Examiner: Franklin; Jordan
Assistant Examiner: Krizmanich; George H.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an athletic shoe having a sole including a toe portion, a
ball portion and a heel portion; a toe cleat fixedly attached to
said sole at said toe portion, a front ball cleat fixedly attached
to said sole at said ball portion and extending transversely of
said sole rearwardly of said toe cleat in spaced relationship
thereto, a rear ball cleat fixedly attached to said sole at said
ball portion and extending transversely of said sole rearwardly of
said front ball cleat, and a heel cleat fixedly attached to said
sole at said heel portion and extending transversely of said sole
rearwardly of said rear ball cleat, each of said toe, front ball
and rear ball cleats having a sloped forward surface extending
rearwardly and downwardly from said sole to a lower edge thereof,
having a flat lower surface extending rearwardly from said lower
edge to a rearward edge, and having a rearward surface extending
substantially perpendicular relative to said lower surface upwardly
from said rearward edge to said sole.
2. The combination of claim 1 in which said heel cleat has a flat
lower surface and surfaces around said lower surface sloping
upwardly to said sole.
3. The combination of claim 1 in which said front ball cleat
includes a front cut-cleat portion at one end of said front ball
cleat extending substantially rearwardly from the remaining portion
of said front ball cleat.
4. The combination of claim 1 in which said rear ball cleat
includes a rear cut-cleat portion at one end of said rear ball
cleat extending substantially rearwardly from the remaining portion
of said rear ball cleat.
5. The combination of claim 4 which includes a front instep cleat
extending rearwardly from said rear ball cleat in spaced
relationship from said rear cut-cleat portion.
6. The combination of claim 5 in which is provided rounded corners
at the junctures of said rearward surfaces, respectively, of said
toe, front ball and rear ball cleats with said sole.
7. In an athletic shoe having a sole including a toe portion, a
ball portion, and a heel portion; a toe cleat fixedly attached to
said sole at said toe portion, a front ball cleat fixedly attached
to said sole at said ball portion and extending transversely of
said sole rearwardly of said toe cleat in spaced relationship
thereto, a rear ball cleat fixedly attached to said sole at said
ball portion and extending transversely of said sole rearwardly of
said front ball cleat, and a heel cleat fixedly attached to said
sole at said heel portion and extending transversely of said sole
rearwardly of said rear ball cleat; each of said toe, front ball
and rear ball cleats having a sloped forward surface extending
rearwardly and downwardly from said sole to a lower edge thereof,
having a flat lower surface extending rearwardly from said lower
edge to a rearward edge, and having a rearward surface extending
substantially perpendicular relative to said lower surface upwardly
from said rearward edge to said sole; said heel cleat having a flat
lower surface and surfaces sloping upwardly to said sole, said
front ball cleat including a front cut-cleat portion at one end of
said front ball cleat extending substantially rearwardly from the
remaining portion of said front ball cleat, and said rear ball
cleat including a rear cut-cleat portion at one end of said rear
ball cleat extending substantially rearwardly from the remaining
portion of said rear ball cleat.
8. The combination of claim 7 which includes a front instep cleat
extending rearwardly from said rear ball cleat in spaced
relationship from said rear cut-cleat portion.
9. The combination of claim 8 in which is provided rounded corners
at the junctures of said rearward surfaces respectively, of said
toe, front ball and rear ball cleats with said sole.
Description
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One of the objects of the present invention is to prevent injuries
to the athlete.
A further object is to provide cleats in an athletic shoe so shaped
that there is a traction or spade-grip effect provided along the
rearward edge and rearward surface of the cleats and yet the
forward face will wedge the shoe upwardly and forwardly and let is
escape or slip relative to the ground.
A further object is to provide a heel cleat that is sloped around
the sides thereof which allows the heel to move or escape in any
direction when the foot or leg is hit.
A further object is generally to improve the design and
construction of heel cleats in an athletic shoe.
To define in simple terms my request for a patent on athletic
shoes' safety traction-sole cleats is to point out the difference
that heretofore athletic shoes have been outfitted with cleats of
different shapes, forms and sizes that stick, punch, or peg into
the ground that give traction and firm footing but hold the foot to
the ground, decreasing the runner's speed by hang, interrupting
maneuverability by not allowing the foot to turn, and increasing
the possibility of injury by holding the foot firmly in the ground
without freedom to turn or escape when the runner is hit or
blocked. On the other hand, athletic shoes' safety traction-sole
cleats are made with a flat ridge that does not stick or punch into
the ground, but keeps the foot up on top of the ground. Traction,
speed and force are obtained by the spading, digging, clawing
effect of three long wide cleats across the sole of each shoe that
are sloped, or somewhat oval shaped, on the forward side and have a
straight edge on the bite side which exposes much more surface for
spade-grip traction with the ground with each rounded action of the
step. The cleats do not hang and have a free lift and keep the foot
up on the surface of the ground for the advantage of greater speed,
better maneuverability, and under the weight of the player the
cleats do not hold the foot to the ground which allows freedom of
movement of the foot so that the ankle, knee and leg can give and
escape injury when the player is blocked or hit about the legs or
hips.
A brief description of athletic shoes' safety traction-sole cleats
is given here with the nomenclature.
FIG. 1 is a view of the sole of a shoe of the left foot showing the
actual sizes and positions of the three ball cleats and one heel
cleat on a size 91/2 shoe sole.
FIG. 2 is a cross section side view of the sole of the shoe in FIG.
1 cut on lines 1--1.
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the taper of the ball cleats from the
outer side of the sole to the inner side.
In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 there are four distinct cleats molded into the
sole 11 of each shoe.
The toe cleat 13 is situated under the toes integrally attached to
the toe position 11' of sole 11.
The front ball cleat 15 is under the forward part of the ball of
the foot integrally attached to the ball portion 11" of sole
11.
The rear ball cleat 17 is under the rear part of the ball of the
foot integrally attached to the ball portion 11" of sole 11.
The heel cleat 19 is under the heel of the foot integrally attached
to the foot portion 11'" of sole 11.
As reviewed in FIG. 1 the toe cleat 13, front ball cleat 15 and
rear ball cleat 7 are preferably respectively slightly curved as
they extend transversely across the sole 1 of the shoe, although
they may be straight without departing from the spirit and scope of
the present invention.
As best seen in FIG. 1 the front ball cleat 15 and the rear ball
cleat 17 curve and extend aft or rearwardly for about an inch from
the remaining portions thereof adjacent the outside of the sole 11
forming the front cut cleat 21 and the rear cut cleat 23. The front
cut cleat 21 is an integral part of the front ball cleat 15 and the
rear cut cleat 23 is an integral part of the rear ball cleat 17.
Thus, the front cut cleat 21 is at an angle relative to the
remaining portions of cleat 15 and provides an arcuate rearward
surface 21' extending substantially rearwardly and outwardly, as
viewed in FIG. 1, and on the opposite side of front cleat 21 is
provided a sloping surface 21". Likewise, the rear cut cleat 23 is
at an angle relative to the remaining portions of cleat 17 and
provides an arcuate rearward surface 23' extending substantially
rearwardly and outwardly, as viewed in FIG. 1, and on the opposite
side of rear cut cleat 23 is provided a sloping surface 23". Also,
the outer side of toe cleat 13 extends slightly aft as at 13'.
In FIG. 1 the front instep cleat 25 is shown connected to the aft
side of the rear ball cleat 17 under the front part of the instep
and it is an integral part of the rear ball cleat 17. Front instep
cleat 25 extends rearwardly from rear ball cleat 17 intermediate
the ends thereof and in spaced substantially parallel relationship
relative to rear cut cleat 23.
As best seen in FIG. 1 the heel cleat 19 is rectangular in shape,
flat on top 26, extends transversely straight across the heel 19
and is arcuate or sloped on all four surfaces 27 for freedom of
movement in all directions. In other words, heel cleat 19 has a
flat lower surface 26 and surfaces 27 sloping upwardly therefrom to
sole 11.
As viewed in FIG. 2 rearward or bite surfaces 29, 31 and 33
respectively are of the toe cleat 13, front ball cleat 15 and rear
ball cleat 17 preferably are respectively perpendicular to the sole
11. The forward or release sides or surfaces 35, 37 and 39 of the
toe cleat 13, front ball cleat 15 and rear ball cleat 17
respectively extend rearwardly and downwardly from sole 11 to the
respective lower edges 41, 43 and 45 thereof. In other words,
cleats 13, 15 and 17 respectively have sloped forward surfaces 35,
37 and 39 which are somewhat oval shaped when viewed as at FIG. 1
and which extend rearwardly and downwardly from sole 11 to lower
edges 41, 43 and 45; cleats 13, 15 and 17 respectively have flat
lower surfaces 47, 49 and 51 extending rearwardly from lower edges
41, 43 and 45 respectively to rearward edges 53, 55 and 57; and
cleats 13, 15 and 17 respectively have rearward surfaces 29, 31 and
33 extending substantially perpendicular relative to lower surfaces
47, 49 and 51 to sole 11. Where the surfaces 29, 31 and 33 join the
sole 11, there are preferably slightly rounded corners as at 29',
31' and 33' to prevent packing of the sod or turf between the
cleats 13 and 15, and 15 and 17.
In FIG. 2 the cleats 13, 15, 17 and 19 are drawn actual size and
are about one-half inch high. The rear ball cleat 17 and the heel
cleat 19 balance the foot. Most forward power and thrust is
developed by the spade grip of the rear bite surface 29 of the toe
cleat 13 and the surface 31 of the forward ball cleat 15.
All measurements may vary with the size of the shoe, experience and
usage.
A detailed explanation follows the use and adaptability of safety
traction-sole cleats and how the natural physical principles put in
practice and usage reduces the chances of injury, improves upon
traction and increases the possibility of more speed and better
maneuverability.
Athletic shoes' safety traction-sole cleats are devised and molded
into shoe soles to fit an athletic shoe for good purpose to prevent
injuries to legs, knees, and ankles of players of football, soccer,
and other physical contact sports by providing a natural release
and escape of the foot from the ground when a player is bodily
blocked or hit by another player.
The player wants foot traction for all conditions of natural and
synthetic turf and sod to exert accelerated force of body movement
in any direction to hit, block or avoid opposing players. The
athletic shoes in common use today for traction have conical peg
stud cleats of varying lengths and sharpness that are fastened or
molded to the soles of the shoes. When the player sticks, stomps,
or punches the cleats of his shoes firmly into the sod for traction
and to keep from slipping, he also developes the problem of
fastening his feet into the sod or turf that pulls, hangs, and
slows the athlete when he runs, and prevents free maneuverability,
and makes him susceptible to leg injury when bodily blocked or hit
while he is running, walking, or standing, because his cleats that
give him firm footing are punched and stuck in the ground under the
weight of his body and hold his foot firmly to the ground.
If the foot while fastened in the sod for traction cannot give or
escape before a swift hard blow to the legs, or if the foot is not
able to twist free, the athlete's leg can be compared to a stick of
wood leaning firmly against a wall, which can readily be smashed by
a transverse blow across the middle of the stick.
For example, in FIG. 1 (movement directions of the left foot are
viewed looking up at the bottom of the left foot) the weight of the
player is on his left foot. The force of the block strikes the
player's foot from the left side as indicated by motion line 59.
The heel 19 slips to the right. The toe cleat 13, front ball cleat
15 and rear ball cleat 17 turn slightly to the left as indicated by
direction line from 1 to 2, freeing the whole foot to escape the
force of the blow. If the weight of the player is balanced on the
forward ball cleat 15 and the rear ball cleat 17, the front cut
cleat 21 and the rear cut cleat 23 act as a center pivot between
the movement of the heel cleat 19 to the right and the cleats 13,
15 and 17 of the foot going to the left, freeing the foot instantly
from the surface.
Visualize again the escape of the foot with the use of safety
traction-sole cleats when a runner is blocked or clipped from the
rear. The sloped surfaces 35, 37, 39 and 27 of the cleats 13, 15
and 17 and the heel cleat 19 allows the foot to slip forward and
escape the force of the block or clip.
Visualize again a player wearing shoes with sharp-stud cleats
standing with most of his weight on his heels being blocked from
the side and compare the results of the force of the block upon a
player wearing safety traction-sole cleats with heel cleats 19 that
are free to move on the surface and escape the force of the
block.
In FIG. 2 a player using safety traction-sole cleats to get force
and acceleration by traction may be compared to a tractor using
tires made with high and wide Rice and Cain cleats that pulls heavy
loads over soft muggy land. The safety traction-sole cleats 13, 15
and 17 provide extensive surfaces 29, 31 and 33 for spade grip and
traction by each spade cleat 13, 15 and 17, preferably slightly
curved, as viewed in FIG. 1, or if desired straight, that extends
completely across the sole of the shoe, spaced adequately to permit
the full deep face surfaces 29, 31 and 33 of cleats 13, 15 and 17
to take a spade bite of the surface with the rounded action of each
foot as the athlete runs.
In FIGS. 1 and 2 the functions of the heel cleat 19 is to balance
the foot and the athlete and to keep the foot free to move without
restriction in any direction while under the weight of the athlete.
The heel cleat 19 is designed simply with a rectangular surface 26
not to stick in the ground but to stay on top of the ground without
resistance to free movement by the sloped surface 27 on all four
sides so that when the athlete is blocked from any direction the
heel can move and spin and throw the whole foot free to prevent
injury to the athlete.
* * * * *