U.S. patent number 3,580,513 [Application Number 04/795,644] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-25 for shower head.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Standard Inc.. Invention is credited to George Martin.
United States Patent |
3,580,513 |
Martin |
May 25, 1971 |
SHOWER HEAD
Abstract
An adjustable shower head for the distribution of liquids having
a control for regulating the flow of the spray. The shower head is
constructed so that the forward pressure of the liquid on the
shower head nozzle does not cause relative movement of the shower
head parts. A piston-type of arrangement is employed wherein no
fluid pressure is developed which acts on the adjusting
mechanism.
Inventors: |
Martin; George (Louisville,
KY) |
Assignee: |
American Standard Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25166073 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/795,644 |
Filed: |
January 31, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/460 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
1/3086 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
1/30 (20060101); B05b 001/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/460,456,455--460 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A shower head comprising:
a. an inner cylindrical support member having an inlet end;
b. an inner cylindrical shell member, said inner cylindrical shell
member having an inwardly extending flange region, in sliding
engagement with said inner cylindrical support member;
c. a substantially cylindrical outer shell member, said inner
cylindrical support member being fixed to said substantially
cylindrical outer shell member and providing an annular space
having an open end and a substantially closed end, said inner
cylindrical shell member being positioned within said annular space
and being movable with respect to said inner cylindrical support
member and said substantially cylindrical out shell member said
inner cylindrical support member having at least one radially
extending passage providing communication between said inlet and
said annular space; and
d. means to move said second cylinder with respect to said first
cylinder.
2. The shower head of claim 1, further comprising and outwardly
extending flange region on said inner cylindrical support member
and sealing means providing a fluid seal and a sliding engagement
between said inner cylindrical support member and said inner
cylindrical shell member;
3. The structure of claim 2, wherein said inner cylindrical support
member includes a shower director section extending outwardly from
said inner cylindrical support member, and having a plurality of
radially spaced grooves;
4. The shower head of claim 1, further comprising a shower director
cooperatively associated with said inner cylindrical support member
and positioned at the substantially closed end thereof, said shower
director having a plurality of radially spaced, axially extending
grooves in its outer surface, said substantially cylindrical shell
member being positioned so as to have its downstream end movable
from a position in close proximity to said grooves to a position
relatively substantially spaced from said grooves.
5. A shower head comprising:
a. an inner cylindrical support member, having an inlet end and a
substantially closed end, a radial groove in the outer surface
thereof, proximate said inlet end, and at least one port in said
first cylinder adjacent said closed end;
b. an O-ring in said groove;
c. an inner cylindrical shell member in sliding engagement with and
carried on said inner cylindrical support member, said O-ring
providing sealing means and sliding means between said inner
cylindrical support member and said inner cylindrical shell
member;
d. means for axially moving said inner cylindrical shell member,
relative to said inner cylindrical support member;
e. said inner cylindrical shell member having a first region having
a first inner diameter substantially equivalent to the outer
diameter of said inner cylindrical support member in the region of
said radial groove, a second region having a second inner diameter
substantially greater than said first inner diameter, and
transition region between said first region and said second
region.
6. A shower head, as in claim 5, further comprising a shower
director member carried by said inner cylindrical support member at
its substantially closed end, said shower director having a
plurality of axially extending, radially spaced grooves in its
outer surface.
7. A shower head comprising:
a. an inner cylindrical support member having an inlet end and a
closed end;
b. substantially cylindrical shell member, having an outlet end,
and a closed end in fluidtight, fixed engagement with said inner
cylindrical support member and forming an annular space having an
open end and a substantially closed end, said closed end being
proximate said inner cylindrical support member's inlet and said
open end being proximate said inner cylindrical support member's
closed end,
c. a substantially cylindrical outer shell member in sliding
engagement with said inner cylindrical support member and said
inner cylindrical shell member and being movable within said
annular space, said substantially cylindrical outer shell member
having a first flange end in sliding engagement with said inner
cylindrical shell member, and a second flange end, said inner
cylindrical support member and said substantially cylindrical outer
shell member having cooperating passage means for providing fluid
flow through said inner cylindrical support member, between said
first and second flange of said substantially cylindrical outer
shell member and between said second flange end and said
outlet.
8. The structure of claim 7 further comprising at least one groove
in said inner cylindrical support member, proximate said first
flange end of said substantially cylindrical outer shell member,
and seal means in each of said at least one groove, whereby a
fluidtight, sliding engagement is provided between said inner
cylindrical support member and said substantially cylindrical outer
shell member.
9. The structure of claim 7 further comprising a radial groove in
the outer surface of said substantially cylindrical outer shell
member and an O-ring in said groove, whereby a fluidtight, sliding
engagement is provided between said inner cylindrical shell member
and said substantially cylindrical outer shell member.
10. The shower head of claim 7, further comprising shower director
means on said substantially cylindrical outer shell member
proximate said outlet end of said inner cylindrical shell
member.
11. The shower head of claim 10, wherein said substantially
cylindrical outer shell member has a centrally positioned opening
at its second flange end, said opening having a plurality of
radially spaced, axial grooves, the diameter of said opening being
slightly greater than the outer diameter of said substantially
closed end of said inner cylindrical support member.
12. The structure of claim 11, further comprising a groove in said
inner cylindrical support member proximate said substantially
closed end, and seal means in said groove, said seal means being
positioned relative to said grooves in said opening in said
substantially cylindrical outer shell member, such that when said
substantially cylindrical outer shell member is moved to the
maximum extent in a first direction relative to said inner
cylindrical support member, said grooves provide the only clearance
for fluid flow between said inner cylindrical support member and
said substantially cylindrical outer shell member, and when said
substantially cylindrical outer shell member is moved to the
maximum extent in a second direction relative to said inner
cylindrical support member, a substantial clearance exists between
said inner cylindrical support member and substantially cylindrical
outer shell member.
13. The shower head of claim 4, wherein said substantially
cylindrical outer shell member comprises a first upstream region,
said first region being in sliding engagement with said inner
cylindrical support member said first flange end extending
outwardly from said first region and having sealing means in
sliding engagement with said inner cylindrical shell member, and a
second downstream region having an inner diameter substantially
greater than the outer diameter of said inner cylindrical support
member, and substantially smaller than the inner diameter of at
least a downstream region of said inner cylindrical shell
member.
14. The structure of claim 13, wherein the upstream and downstream
radially extending surfaces of said substantially cylindrical outer
shell member are substantially equal in surface area, whereby the
upstream and downstream fluid pressures acting on said
substantially cylindrical outer shell member are substantially
equal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a shower head having a control for
varying the spray from its nozzle for an improved distribution over
a broad range of line pressures.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the construction of shower heads, and particularly those
applicable for use in installations where it is desirable to
maintain a restricted and controlled flow of water for distribution
over tubs and the like, considerable effort has been expended to
provide a unit which will produce a confined spray, the center area
of which is distributed substantially evenly. Moreover, it is
desirable to provide a shower head having a control arm for
regulating the velocity and flow of the water exiting from the
nozzle while maintaining the spray over an evenly distributed area
for a variety of line pressure adjustments.
In conventional shower heads, control adjustments are provided for
regulating the flow and velocity of the spray by constricting one
or more openings of the nozzles at the outlet of the spray head.
Depending on the construction of these types of shower heads, the
water pressure has a tendency to operate the control valve to
either move the nozzles and their respective openings outward to
increase the flow of water, or to move the coupling surrounding the
nozzles outwardly to shut off the nozzle valves. This difficulty is
overcome by applying a high frictional drag to the control arm in
the form of a gland packing type seal so as to frictionally bias
the rotational movement produced by the water pressure against the
internal movable parts of the shower head. In practice it has been
found that the frictional drag applied to the control arm can at
first excessively restrict movement and can eventually decrease
through repeated usage, to the point where it becomes difficult to
maintain a set adjustment of the control arm of the shower head. In
addition, this wear can result in leakage around the trunnion of
the control arm.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention a shower head is provided having an
external control member and which employs a pressure isolation of
the movable members within the shower head, so that there is
virtually no tendency to actuate the control arm in response to
water flow through the shower head regardless of the selected
setting of the control arm. The force produced by the water
pressure in a rearward direction is isolated from the adjustment
cylinder by a fixed piston and there is no forward acting force on
the open end of the adjustment cylinder so the control member
remains over the entire range of line pressures.
It is therefore object according to the present invention to
provide an adjustable shower head mechanism having an adjustment
means which is not affected by the forces produced by the water
pressure within the shower head when in use.
It is another object according to the present invention to provide
a shower head which may be easily and simply adjusted to regulate
the flow of water therethrough.
It is another object according to the invention to provide a shower
head which is simple and decorative in design, easy to assemble,
inexpensive in cost, and reliable in operation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Other objects and features of the present invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description considered in
connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar
reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several
views, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view in elevation, of a shower head in
the closed position according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in elevation of the shower head of
FIG. 1 in a maximum open position;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in elevation of another
modification of a shower head in the fine spray position;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view, in elevation of the shower head
of FIG. 3, in the medium spray position;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the shower head of FIG. 4, in
the flushing position; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in elevation, of a further
modification of a shower head.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown the shower head according to the
invention having a substantially cylindrical outer shell 10 with a
rotating control member 12 mounted thereagainst. Affixed to member
12 is pin 30 which slides in cam groove 38 in such a manner as to
cause axial movement of inner cylindrical shell member 26. The
front of the shower head includes a conically shaped skirt 14,
which surrounds the outlet of the shower head. Concentrically
disposed within the skirt is a shower director 16.
The shower head according to the invention is shown pivotably
supported from ball joint 18, which is coupled to the threaded end
of member 20. Ball joint 18 customarily includes a coupling nut 22
which contains an internal helical thread having a diameter and
pitch corresponding to the externally threaded member 20.
When coupling 22 is engaged to member 20, it is customary to seat
ball joint 18 on a sealing member 24, such as a washer, O-ring, or
the like in order to impede the free pivoting of the shower head on
the ball joint 18.
The inner cylindrical support member 20 includes a main passageway
19 which provides communication between the inlet pipe 17, the ball
joint 18, and the chamber 47. Mounted within the outer shell member
10 is an inner cylindrical shell member 26 which functions as a
control member. The member 20, positioned within shell 26 functions
as an isolation piston. An O-ring 28 is retained within an annular
slot or groove 21 formed along the wall of piston 20. O-ring 28
provides a sliding fluid seal between the piston and the internal
walls of shell 26.
At the bottom of piston 20 and forming an integral part therewith
are plurality of projecting flanges 32.
Along the undersurface of flanges 32 are internal helical threads
34 which corresponds in diameter and pitch to an external helical
thread disposed at the end of a vertical cylindrical projection of
a shower director 16. The lower conically shaped flange portion of
shower director 16 contains a plurality of flutes 36 formed
longitudinally along its external surface completely around its
periphery. Moreover, the vertical guide angle to which flutes 36
approach the opening of shower director 16 is relieved by a flush
angle adjacent to its midportion. By design, the flutes 36 around
the periphery of shower director 16 partially closes the aperture
within member 26 causing fluid to be emitted from chamber 48 in
separate streams. Axial movement of inner shell member 26 with
respect to shower director 16 causes variation in the diameter and
velocity of aforesaid stream.
A center distributor 40, mounted coaxially within shower director
16 contains a plurality of flutes 42 on the periphery of its
downwardly projecting shank. On the periphery of a portion of
center distributor 40 is a member 44 which in cooperation with
director 16, forms a step which serves as a retaining surface for
receiving one end of spring 46.
During a part of the assembly of the shower head spring 46 is
fitted over center distributor 40 until it engages step 50 at the
upper end of distributor 40. Spring 46 has a diameter slightly
smaller than bore 48 of shower director 16 so that when distributor
40 is coaxially mounted therein, the opposite end of spring 26 will
fit around distributor 40 and within director 38. Member 44 is then
threadably engaged to director 16 so that the compressional force
of spring 46 will urge distributor 40 against step 50 until
overcome by pressure of fluid entering through passage 49. By
design, flutes 42 on the periphery of distributor 40 engage the
inner walls and partially close off the aperture within member
44.
FIG. 3 shows another modification of a shower head, which is
supported by a ball joint 18. The ball joint is coupled to the
threaded end of the inner body member 60, by means of a coupling
nut 22, which contains an internal helical thread having a diameter
in pitch corresponding to the externally threaded member 60. The
inner body member 60 has an interior passageway 62 through which
water flows, when the shower is in use. An outer body member 64 is
fixed at one end to one end of the inner body member 60, as for
example by cooperating screw threads, solvent welding or the like.
Obviously, the choice between solvent welding, heat fusing,
cementing, etc., or manufacturing in a single piece the various
elements of the shower assembly as a matter of manufacturing
convenience does not constitute a part of the invention.
A cam handle 66 is mounted for rotation in the outer body member
64. A locking pin 68 can be used to fix the handle in place. A pin
30 is carried by the cam handle 66. The pin 30 is eccentrically
positioned with respect to the center of rotation of handle 66 and
is in engagement with the balance piston 70 by means of the
cup-shaped, pin receiving member 72 positioned at one end of the
balance piston. A water passage containing section 74 of the piston
70, is connected to the shower director 76 by means of cooperating
screw threads, or the like.
Rotation of the cam handle 66 causes the balance piston 70 and
consequently the waterway member 74 and the shower director 76 to
rotate about the inner body member 60 and to move axially with
respect to the inner body member. Rotation of the cam handle 66,
from the position shown in FIG. 3 to the position shown in FIG. 4,
causes the space between the shower director 76 and the director
ring 78, (located in a groove on the inside of one end of the outer
body member 64) to increase, thus moving the shower head from the
closed or fine spray position to the medium spray position.
Further rotation of the cam handle 66, to the position shown in
FIG. 5, provides the maximum clearance between the shower director
76 and the director ring 78.
The path of the water in the shower head is as follows. The water
enters through the ball joint member 18 and travels through the
passageway 62 in the inner body member 60 then openings 63 which
are preferably elongated slots which extend along the length of the
elongated tubular portion 61 of the body member 60.
The water then passes in part through the openings 80 and in part
between the ring 78 and the shower director 76. The grooves in the
surface of the shower director control the direction of the
individual streams of water.
Rotation of the cam handle 66 causes the clearance between the
shower director 76 and the ring 78 to increase or decrease.
The O-ring 82 provides a seal between the balance piston 70 and the
outer body member 64 as well as providing a sliding surface between
the two members. As shown in FIG. 5 when the shower director 76 is
in its outermost position, a sufficient clearance is provided to
enable the shower head to be flushed of solid particles which are
trapped between the shower director 76 and the outer body member
64.
The sliding of the balance piston 70 on the tubular member 61 is
facilitated by the use of at least one O-ring 84 which is
positioned in a groove of the outer surface of the member 61.
However, additional O-rings or other types of sealing means can be
used.
The shower head structure of FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 are dimensioned such
that the fluid pressures on the inner member 74 are balanced and
the spray position obtained by rotating of the cam handle 66 will
not change during use.
The outwardly extending section 71 of the member 74 is
approximately equal to the corresponding region 73 of the shower
director 76.
Similarly, the surface area of the region 75, of the member 74
approximates the exposed surface 77 of the shower director 76.
The net result of the foregoing is that the position of the shower
director 76 is stable.
A further modification of the shower head structure is shown in
FIG. 6. This modification of the inner body member 90 is fixed to
the shower director 92. Rotation of the handle 94 causes the outer
shell 96 to move axially with respect to the shower director 92 and
inner body member 90. The water travels axially through the inner
member 90 and then outwardly through a plurality of ports 98
located circumferentially around the inner body member 90 adjacent
to the shower director 92. The water then flows between the movable
outer member 96 and the shower director 92. As in previous
modifications, a plurality of grooves in the outer surface of the
shower director 92 cooperate with a ring 100 to provide a plurality
of discrete, well-defined streams of water.
The O-ring 102 prevents the water from flowing the wrong direction,
that is out of the rear end of the shower head.
The outer, movable portion 96 of the shower head does not tend to
move because it is in effect isolated, that is, because the water
pressure is isolated from the movable member.
Although the invention has been described in its preferred forms
with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the
present disclosure of the preferred forms has been made only by way
of example, and that numerous changes in the details of
construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be
resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the
invention.
* * * * *