U.S. patent number 3,580,321 [Application Number 04/819,203] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-25 for smoke damper.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ruskin Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to James R. Root.
United States Patent |
3,580,321 |
Root |
May 25, 1971 |
SMOKE DAMPER
Abstract
A damper for automatically sealing building passages against the
flow of fluids such as smoke. The damper comprises a plurality of
blades held in a standby position by an energized motor and which
automatically move to the closed position when the electrical
energy to the motor is interrupted. Axial shifting of the motor
responsive to electromagnetic forces effects the holding and
release of the blade assembly.
Inventors: |
Root; James R. (Independence,
MO) |
Assignee: |
Ruskin Manufacturing Company
(Grandview, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
25227476 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/819,203 |
Filed: |
April 25, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
160/1; 160/310;
160/235 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62C
2/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A62C
2/00 (20060101); A62C 2/16 (20060101); E05f
015/20 (); E06b 009/204 () |
Field of
Search: |
;160/1,5,6,7,8,9,310,235
;318/360,436,540 ;49/1,4,7,8 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Caun; Peter M.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a damper including a blade assembly movable from a standby
position to a flow blocking position, means for releasably holding
said assembly in said standby position comprising:
a movable drive;
means operably coupled with the drive and disposed to engage said
assembly for preventing the movement of the assembly toward said
blocking position when the drive moves in one direction and to
permit movement of the assembly to said blocking position when the
drive moves in the opposite direction;
an electrically operated motor having a rotatable shaft engageable
upon energization of said motor with the drive means for moving the
latter in said one direction; and
means operably coupled with said shaft for disengaging the latter
from said drive upon deenergization of the motor to permit movement
of the drive in said opposite
direction, said motor including a stator and a rotor, the shaft
being secured to the rotor for movement therewith, and means
mounting the rotor and shaft for movement longitudinally of the
shaft responsive to electromagnetic forces generated in the stator
upon energization of said motor for engaging the shaft with said
drive.
2. The invention of claim 1, wherein said disengaging means
includes spring means disposed in the path of movement of said
shaft toward the position thereof engaged with the drive for
yieldably biasing the shaft toward said disengaged position.
3. The invention of claim 2, wherein said motor includes a housing,
said spring means comprising a leaf spring secured to the housing
and extending into the path of travel of said shaft.
4. The invention of claim 3, wherein is included a cover carried by
said housing and extending over the spring.
5. The invention of claim 1, wherein said means disposed to engage
the assembly for preventing movement thereof comprises an
elongated, flexible element having one end anchored in a fixed
position, and wherein said drive includes a windup reel, the other
end of said element being secured to the reel whereby energization
of the motor winds the reel tensioning the element to the position
for holding said assembly.
6. The invention of claim 5, wherein is included a temperature
fusible link interposed between the ends of said element.
7. The invention of claim 5, wherein said damper includes a frame,
and wherein the assembly includes a plurality of blades hinged to
one another along longitudinal marginal edges to present a foldable
curtain, the end blade of said curtain being pivotally secured to
said frame.
8. The invention of claim 7, wherein said one end of the flexible
element is secured to the frame.
9. The invention of claim 5, wherein said reel comprises a pair of
end flanges and a spool extending between the flanges, and wherein
is included means for adjusting the diameter of the spool for
regulating the torque imparted to the element for tensioning the
latter.
10. The invention of claim 1, wherein said drive includes a gear,
and wherein is included a cog carried by the shaft and engageable
with the gear upon energization of the motor for coupling the shaft
to the drive.
Description
This invention relates to dampers, and more particularly to a
damper which is held in a standby position until automatically
permitted to close upon the occurrence of an interruption in the
electrical system to which the damper is coupled.
Buildings for hospitals and other institutions are commonly
equipped with automatic devices interposed in ventilating, heating
and air conditioning ducts and the like for closing these passages
in the event of a fire or other disaster. Dampers having heat
responsive operating elements have long been utilized for this
purpose. However, it is desirable that the transfer of smoke or
other dangerous fluids through the building be prevented when a
disaster strikes, even in those portions of the building which may
not actually experience a fire capable of elevating the temperature
to the critical level for closing the temperature responsive
dampers.
The damper of this invention is held in a standby position while
electrical energizing current is available. When, however, a
disaster strikes interrupting the current or causing an operator to
throw a master switch to cut off the current, the damper
automatically closes to prevent transfer of the dangerous fluids
through the building. Such dampers are commonly referred to in the
trade as "smoke dampers."
Attempts have been made to provide smoke dampers which are operated
by solenoids. These have the disadvantage of chattering or humming
when energized and require different sized solenoids for various
sized dampers. There is also a possibility of solenoids becoming
stuck after relatively long periods during which they are not
operated.
The advent of dampers having a screen comprised of a plurality of
hinged together, folding blades has complicated the problem. No
convenient and practical way has been found until now to utilize
rotary motors for moving the blades to their standby positions.
Further, motors large enough for producing ample torque for holding
the relatively heavy blade assembly in its standby position are
impractical or require a gear reduction drive which makes the
damper sluggish or inoperative when current to the motor is
interrupted.
Accordingly, it is the primary object of the present invention to
provide a smoke damper having an operating motor which is
automatically disengageable from the drive to permit free wheeling
of the latter when the blade assembly moves to its flow blocking
position.
Still another object of the present invention is the utilization of
the inherent electromagnetic forces generated in an electric motor
for automatically coupling the motor with the blade assembly when
the motor is energized.
Another important object of the invention is the provision of novel
means for effectively coupling the motor with a folding blade
curtain.
A yet further object of the present invention is the provision of
an adjustable torque transfer mechanism for quickly and easily, as
well as economically adapting a motor of standardized
characteristics for use with various sized blade curtain
assemblies.
These and other important objects of the present invention will be
further explained or will become apparent from the following
specification and claims and from the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a smoke damper embodying the
principles of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of an adjustable reel for
the damper;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing the reel spool
adjusted to a different position;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, vertical cross-sectional view through the
motor and drive assembly;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the motor and
drive assembly, the shaft covers having been removed and parts
broken away to show the components in the position thereof with the
motor deenergized; and
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, vertical cross-sectional view through the
damper and on a reduced scale.
A smoke damper embodying the principles of this invention is
broadly designated in the drawings by the reference numeral 10 and
comprises a perimeter frame 12, a blade assembly 14 mounted in
frame 12 and a motor and drive assembly 16 secured to frame 12 by
means of a bracket 18. Assembly 14 includes a plurality of
elongated generally planar blades 20 interconnected along their
longitudinal marginal edges as, for example, with connectors 22.
The uppermost blade 20 is secured to frame 12 by pivot means
whereby the blades may be folded out into a substantially flat
curtain extending across the opening defined by frame 12. A blade
and frame assembly of the type with which the principles of this
invention may be utilized is shown and described in U. S. Pat. No.
3,401,734 issued Sept. 17, 1968, to which reference may be had if
desired for a more complete description of the frame and blade
assembly.
Assembly 16 includes a motor 24 and a drive 26. The motor 24 and
drive 26 may utilize a common housing 28 which is, in turn, secured
to bracket 18.
Motor 24 includes a stator 30 adapted to be coupled with a source
of electrical energy by electric wires 32. The rotor 34 is carried
on an elongated shaft 36 which is mounted for rotation in housing
28 by bushings 38. The latter also mounts shaft 36 for shifting
movement with rotor 34 in a direction longitudinally of shaft 36 as
will be more fully explained hereinafter.
As is illustrated in FIG. 4, drive 26 may comprise a plurality of
gears 40 and shafts 42 for effecting a speed reduction and
consequent torque increase at a polygonal output shaft 44. A cog 46
rigidly carried by shaft 36 is adapted to engage with the input
gear 40 as is illustrated in FIG. 4. The engagement of cog 46 with
the input gear 40 effectively couples motor 24 with the drive 26
for operating the latter. A reel broadly designated 48 is provided
with an axial opening 50 adapted to be complementally received over
shaft 44 so that the reel is driven by shaft 44 as will be
understood by those skilled in this art. Means (not shown) may be
provided for releasably securing reel 48 to shaft 44.
Reel 48 comprises a pair of spaced apart discs 52 presenting end
flanges for the reel. The flanges are held in spaced apart
relationship by a plurality of tubular spacers 54 which are mounted
on bolts 56 extending transversely between the discs 52. Nuts 58
releasably secure the bolts 56 in aligned apertures 60 extending
transversely through the discs 52.
It may be seen from FIGS. 2--4 of the drawings that apertures 60
are presented in rows comprised of a series of spaced apart
apertures which rows extend radially from the center of reel 48.
Manifestly, the bolts 56 and spacers 54 comprise the spool for the
reel and the diameter of the spool may be adjusted in accordance
with the particular apertures 60 selected for receiving the bolts
56. It will be noted that the reel of FIG. 3 has a spool of
substantially greater diameter than the reel of FIG. 2 simply as a
result of the particular locations of the respective bolts 56 with
respect to the central axis of the reel.
An elongated element 62 has one end thereof secured in frame 12 and
the other end is secured to reel 48, preferably by being tied
around a spacer 54. Element 62 may take the form of a cable or the
like and it is looped around the blade assembly 14 in the path of
travel of the latter in movement from the standby position to its
closed position across the frame opening. A fusible link 64 is
interposed between the ends of element 62 so that the blades
assembly is permitted to gravitate to its closed position should
the damper be exposed to temperatures above a predetermined
limit.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, it may be seen that rotor 34 which
is carried by shaft 36 is shifted to the left with cog 46 engaged
with gear 40. This is the position attained by the rotor and shaft
upon energizing of the stator of motor 24. The electromagnetic
forces generated in the stator 30 result in the shifting of the
rotor and shaft to this position as will be understood by those
skilled in the art. A spring 66 is mounted on housing 28 exteriorly
of the latter and in the path of travel of shaft 36 when the latter
moves longitudinally thereof under the influence of the
electromagnetic forces mentioned above. A cover 68 may be provided
to enclose spring 66 and the proximal projecting end of shaft 36. A
similar cover 70 may also be provided for the opposite end of shaft
36 when the same is returned to the position thereof illustrated in
FIG. 5. The shaft and rotor moves to the position illustrated in
FIG. 5 under the influence of spring 66 when motor 24 is
deenergized. Spring 66 positively shifts shaft 36 and rotor 34 to
this position to thereby disengage cog 46 from gear 40 as a result
of such deenergizing of motor 24.
In operation, damper 10 is installed in a fluid passage such as a
ventilating duct in a building. Wires 32 are coupled with a source
of electrical energy. When this energy is applied to motor 24, the
electromagnetic forces in the stator 30 shift the rotor 34 and
shaft 36 to the position shown in FIG. 4 whereupon rotation of
rotor 34 as a result of application of the electrical energy
operates drive 26. This turns reel 48 in a direction to wind
element 62 on the spool. The tensioning of element 62 lifts the
blade assembly to fold the latter as illustrated in FIG. 6. So long
as energy is applied to motor 24, the blade assembly 14 is held in
this position which is the standby position permitting
substantially uninhibited flow of fluid through the frame opening
and consequently through the ventilating passage.
Should, however, electrical energy to motor 24 be interrupted for
any reason whatever, the electromagnetic forces acting on rotor 34
are also interrupted. This permits spring 66 to shift the shaft to
the right as viewed in FIG. 5 disengaging motor 24 from drive 26.
The latter may thereupon free wheel under the influence of the
weight of assembly 14 acting on element 62 so that the blade
assembly 14 moves to its position closing the ventilated passage.
Since motor 24 is disengaged from the drive, there is very little
torque resisting movement of the blade assembly to its closed
position.
Manifestly, it is contemplated that damper 10 may be installed in a
horizontal position. For this reason, or should it be determined
that the weight of the assembly 14 is not, by itself, sufficient to
cause the blade assembly to move to its flow blocking position,
springs may be attached to the assembly for effecting the unfolding
of the curtain when the tension on element 62 is released. The
operation of damper 10 is the same whether spring power or gravity
is relied upon for this purpose.
The size of the opening defined by the frame 12 is governed by the
size of the duct sought to be protected. Consequently, the weight
of assembly 14 is governed by the size of the particular passage
defined by frame 12. It is therefore desirable that the torque
available from reel 48 for tensioning element 62 be suited for
overcoming the weight of assembly 14. This tensioning torque may be
quickly and easily changed simply by moving the bolts 56 and
spacers 54 either inwardly or outwardly from the center of shaft
44.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and
desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
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