U.S. patent number 3,578,945 [Application Number 04/800,982] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-18 for heater for aerosol foam-dispensing containers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Carter-Wallace, Inc.. Invention is credited to John Ayres, Irving Reich.
United States Patent |
3,578,945 |
Ayres , et al. |
May 18, 1971 |
HEATER FOR AEROSOL FOAM-DISPENSING CONTAINERS
Abstract
An electric heating device for heating foam products as they are
discharged from an aerosol container by passing the foam in direct
contact with the hot surfaces of the secondary winding of a
stepdown transformer. The device includes a housing having an inlet
admitting pressurized foam from the aerosol container and an outlet
for discharge of unpressurized foam. A toroidal shell mounted in
the housing forms an annular flow path between the inlet to the
outlet. The stepdown transformer includes a multiturn primary wound
about the outer surface of the shell and a cylindrical iron core
centered within the shell and a single-turn closed secondary
winding that is formed by a thin plating of cadmium or copper on
the core.
Inventors: |
Ayres; John (Mountainside,
NJ), Reich; Irving (Princeton Junction, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Carter-Wallace, Inc. (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25179879 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/800,982 |
Filed: |
February 20, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/214;
222/146.5; 392/477; 219/670; 219/628; 222/146.3; 239/135; 392/475;
392/485 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24H
1/102 (20130101); B65D 83/72 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
83/14 (20060101); F24H 1/10 (20060101); B67d
005/62 (); H05b 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.49,10.51,300,307,301,214 ;222/146,146 (HE)/ ;222/146 (HA)/
;239/135 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
493,992 |
|
May 1919 |
|
FR |
|
900,522 |
|
Oct 1944 |
|
FR |
|
787,125 |
|
Dec 1957 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Bartis; A.
Claims
We claim:
1. Apparatus for dispensing heated unpressurized foam
comprising:
a. a portable pressurized foam container for storing foam in a
pressurized state;
b. outlet means for selectively discharging a quantity of
pressurized foam from said portable pressurized foam container;
c. flow-confining means comprising a heating chamber having an
inlet passage and an outlet passage positioned opposite from each
other, said heating chamber having walls forming a hollow annular
cavity, said inlet passage being operatively coupled to said outlet
means of said portable pressurized foam container for directing to
said heating chamber pressurized foam discharged from said
pressurized foam container and said inlet passage additionally
having a cross-sectional area that is less than that of said
heating chamber such that pressurized foam discharging from said
inlet passage into said heating chamber changes from a pressurized
state into an unpressurized state;
d. foam-heating means comprising a stepdown transformer having
primary and secondary circuits, said primary circuit being disposed
about the exterior of said heating chamber and operatively coupled
to a supply of electrical energy, said secondary circuit being
electrically resistant to the flow of electrical energy and
including a closed core member centered within said heating chamber
for direct thermal contact with said unpressurized foam as said
unpressurized foam is caused to flow in a thin layer between said
secondary circuit and the walls of said heating chamber; and
e. heated foam outlet means coupled to said outlet passage of said
flow-confining means for providing an outlet for the discharge of
heated unpressurized foam.
2. The electrical heating device of claim 1, in which the chamber
confines the flow of foam to a thin, wide sheet.
3. The electrical heating device of claim 1, wherein the
flow-confining means is constructed of electrically nonconductive
material.
4. The electrical heating device of claim 3, wherein the primary
circuit is a multiturn primary winding wound about the outside of
the chamber and the secondary circuit is a single-turn electrically
conductive metallic coating on the core.
5. The heating device of claim 4, wherein the chamber is toroidal
and the core is cylindrical.
6. The heating device of claim 4, wherein the core is of iron and
the secondary circuit is a thin copper plating on the surface of
the core.
7. The heating device of claim 1, which includes control means
electrically connected between a supply of electrical energy and
the primary circuit of the transformer to control the flow of
electrical energy to the transformer.
Description
This invention relates to a heating device for aerosol containers,
and more particularly to an electrical heating device for rapidly
heating foam products, such as foam shaving lather and the like, as
they are discharged from the container.
Conventional aerosol containers use a propellant gas to discharge
the foam products from their containers. Generally, the propellant
gas is dispersed throughout the product under pressure and in
liquefied form. Upon release of the discharge outlet of the
container, the propellant forces the product out of the container
and simultaneously expands to form gas bubbles and generate the
foam.
Expansion of the propellant from a liquid to a gas, however, has a
cooling effect on the foam product. This cooling effect is
particularly undesirable in shaving lathers, because cold shaving
lather foams are not only uncomfortable but also are slow in
softening the beard for shaving. Human hair is more easily shaved
after it has been softened by the penetration of moisture from the
lather, and this softening effect increases with increasing lather
temperature.
For this reason numerous heating devices have been proposed for
heating foam shaving lathers as they are discharged from their
containers. Some of the proposed devices use electrical heating
elements to heat a conduit or tube through which the foam passes.
Generally, the heating element comprises an electrical resistance
wire that surrounds the outside of the tube and indirectly heats
the lather as it passes through the tube.
These electrical heating devices, however, have generally not
proven entirely satisfactory in heating foam shaving lathers to the
desired temperature. Electrical resistance heating devices require
a considerable "warmup" time between the time the heating element
is actuated and the time the element and heat transfer tube become
hot enough to the foam. Further, desired foam temperatures have not
been obtainable in such devices unless the flow rate of the foam is
substantially reduced so that the residence time in the device is
long enough to allow sufficient transfer of heat to the foam. At
these low flow rates, however, the time necessary to accumulate
sufficient amounts of hot lather results in a cooking or coarsening
of the foam.
For these reasons, it is desirable to provide an improved heater
for aerosol containers that heats up quickly, rapidly heats the
foam product as it is discharged from the container, and delivers
the required amount of hot shaving lather to the user at a
desirable flow rate.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a
new and improved electrical heating device for heating foam
products as they are discharged from aerosol containers.
Another object of this invention is to provide an electrical
heating device for aerosol containers that reaches its operating
temperature very quickly, rapidly heats foam shaving lather as it
is discharged from the container to a temperature substantially
above room temperature, and delivers the heated lather at a
desirable flow rate.
Still another object of this invention is to provide an electrical
heating device for directly heating foam shaving lather that avoids
danger of electrical shock to the user of the device.
A further object of this invention is to provide an electrical
heating device for rapidly heating foam shaving lather that uses
the heat generated in the secondary winding of a stepdown
transformer to heat the foam as it is discharged from the
container.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide an improved
electrical heating device for heating foam shaving lather that can
be detachably interconnected with a discharge opening of an aerosol
container, that is adaptable to all sizes of aerosol containers,
that is rugged, and that is convenient and safe in operation.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set
forth in part in the description which follows and in part will be
obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the
invention the objects and advantages being realized and attained by
means of the instrumentalities, devices, and combinations
particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the foregoing objects and in accordance with its
purpose, this invention as embodied and broadly described,
comprises an electrical heating device for heating foam as it is
discharged from the outlet of a valve-actuated aerosol container.
The heating device includes a housing having inlet means
communicating with the outlet of the container for conducting foam
discharged from the container into the housing; flow-confining
means located within the housing and defining a chamber for
confining the flow of foam through the housing; foam-heating means
comprising a stepdown transformer having primary and secondary
circuits, said secondary circuit being electrically resistant to
the flow of electrical energy and exposed to the flow of foam
through the chamber; and outlet means for discharging heated foam
from the housing.
The accompanying drawings which are incorporated in and constitute
a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the
invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the
principles of the invention.
Of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of the heating device of this
invention mounted to the top of an aerosol container; and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the heating device
within circle 2 of FIG. 1.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description
and the following detailed description are exemplary and
explanatory but are not restrictive of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred
embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides an electrical heating device for
aerosol containers that heats up very quickly and rapidly transfers
heat to foam shaving lather as it is discharged from the
container.
A typical aerosol container 10 is shown in FIG. 1. Container 10 has
a bottom 12 and a lid 14, each provided with a peripheral curl 16
and 18, respectively, to secure them to the container. Lid 14 has a
central opening in its top for discharge of the foam product from
the container. The product is maintained in container 10 under the
pressure of a propellant gas, allowing for discharge of the product
through the central opening in the top of the container.
Aerosol container 10 includes a valve actuator 20 having an outlet
passage 22. When valve actuator 20 is depressed by actuation of a
valve button 24, foam is expelled from the container in a
controlled manner. A typical valve construction is described in
U.S. Pat. 3,171,572 to Reich et al., and reference is made to that
patent for a more detailed discussion of the construction and
operation of this valve. While the valve construction illustrated
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,171,572 is suitable for use with the heating
device of this invention, it will be understood, of course, that
other and different forms of valve mechanisms may also be
satisfactorily employed.
An embodiment of the heating device of the present invention and
its removable attachment to the top of an aerosol container is
shown in FIG. 1. The heating device includes a housing 26 made of
plastic. Housing 26 preferably has good stiffness and lightness and
good thermal electrical insulation properties. Suitable plastic
materials for construction of the housing include linear
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or other similar
materials.
As shown in FIG. 1, the bottom of housing 26 is provided with a
peripheral annular flange 28 having an internal annular groove 30
that grips peripheral curl 18 of lid 14 for snap attachment of the
heating device to container 10.
The sides of housing 26 extend upwardly and inwardly across the top
forming an enclosure. An aperture 32 is provided in the top of
housing 26 and valve button 24 having a valve stem 34 extends
through aperture 32 to permit actuation of valve actuator 20 when
the heating device is attached to the container.
In accordance with the invention, flow-confining means are provided
that define a chamber for confining the flow of foam through the
housing. As embodied, and as shown in FIG. 1, this means comprises
a toroidal shell 36 that is mounted within housing 26 forming an
annular chamber 38 that confines the flow of foam through the
housing to a thin, wide sheet. Sheet 36 is of electrically
nonconductive material, and preferably is of the same plastic
material as housing 26.
Shell 36 is provided with an inlet passage 40 that communicates
with a passageway 42 in valve stem 34. Passageway 42 also
communicates with outlet 22 of valve actuator 20 and includes an
outlet 44 that flares outwardly and is aligned with inlet passage
40 of shell 36 when valve button 24 is depressed by the user of the
device.
Chamber 38 communicates with inlet passage 40 and an outlet passage
46 in the wall of housing 26. A discharge spout 48 extends radially
outward from the exterior surface of housing 26 and contains an
internal conduit 50 that communicates with outlet passage 46 for
discharge of heated foam from the housing.
In accordance with the invention, foam-heating means are provided
within housing 26 to rapidly heat the foam as it is discharged from
the container. As embodied and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this
means comprises a stepdown transformer having primary and secondary
circuits. The primary circuit comprises a multiturn primary winding
52 that is helically would about the outer surface of electrically
nonconductive shell 36. Primary winding 52 is constructed of
electrically conductive material, such as copper or the like, and
is electrically connected to the terminals of a conventional (110
AC) household circuit through an electrical cord 54.
The transformer also includes an iron core 56 that is mounted
within chamber 38 of shell 36 and spaced slightly apart from the
inner wall surfaces 58 of shell 36 to form passageways between the
core and the shell for the flow of foam through chamber 38. Core 56
is cylindrical and provides a closed path for the flow of magnetic
flux induced in the core by the flow of alternating current through
primary winding 52.
As best shown in FIG. 2, the secondary circuit of the transformer
comprises a single-turn secondary winding 60 that is a thin plating
of electrically conductive material, such as copper, cadmium, or
the like, on the outer surface of iron core 56. The secondary
winding 60 is exposed to the flow of foam through chamber 38.
Control means are also provided to control the flow of current to
the heating device of this invention. As shown in FIG. 1, for
example, this means comprises a manually operated line switch 62
mounted to electrical cord 54.
In operating the heating device of this invention, the user plugs
cord 54 into an electrical outlet and moves switch 62 to the ON
position which supplies a source of alternating current to primary
winding 52. The passage of the relatively high voltage, low current
power from a 110-volt AC circuit through multiturn primary winding
52 induces an alternating magnetic flux in iron core 56 which, in
turn, induces a relatively low voltage, high current power in
single-turn secondary winding 60. Power is thus transferred and
altered in passing through the stepdown transformer from primary
winding 52 to secondary winding 60.
Secondary winding 60 offers resistance to the flow of this large
amount of current through it because of its small cross-sectional
area, and, therefore, heats up very quickly to provide a hot
surface for heating the foam as it passes through chamber 38.
After secondary winding 60 has reached the required operating
temperature, the user moves electrical switch 62 to the OFF
position, and depresses valve button 24 to actuate valve actuator
20. The propellant within aerosol container 10 propels the
pressurized product out of the container through outlet 22 in valve
actuator 20, through passageway 42 in valve stem 34 and into inlet
passage 40 and chamber 38 of shell 36. Since, as can be seen in
FIG. 1, the cross-sectional area of inlet passage 40 is less than
that of chamber 38, the pressurized foam discharging from inlet
passage 40 into chamber 38 changes from a pressurized to an
unpressurized state. As the foam enters chamber 38, it is formed
into a thin, wide sheet and passes between the inner walls 58 of
chamber 38 and cylindrical core 56. Under the pressure of the
container, the unpressurized foam proceeds through chamber 38
toward outlet passage 46 and emerges from spout 48.
As the unpressurized foam passes through chamber 38, a rapid heat
transfer occurs through intimate and direct contact of the foam
with the hot surfaces of secondary winding 60 on both sides of iron
core 56. Because the product is confined to a thin, wide sheet
during its passage through chamber 38, intimate contact of the mass
of foam with the hot surface is assured and the formation of
multiple layers of bubbles, which would otherwise act as heat
insulators, is reduced. A high rate of heat transfer, therefore,
occurs in the heating device of the present invention, permitting
the unpressurized foam to be discharged from the device at a useful
flow rate and at a temperature of from 130.degree. to
160.degree.F.
Since relatively low voltages are present in secondary winding 60,
there is no danger of electrical shock to the user of the device
even if the heating device is energized while the foam is flowing
through chamber 38 in direct contact with the secondary
winding.
For safety reasons, however, a thermostat can be provided, if
desired, to sense the heat generated in secondary winding 60 and
automatically terminate the flow of current to the transformer when
the device has reached the required operating temperature.
The present invention thus provides a heating device for rapidly
heating foam shaving lather as it is discharged from an aerosol
container. The stepdown transformer that is used in the heating
device of this invention heats up very quickly and permits intimate
contact of the foam with the hot surfaces of the secondary winding
of the transformer to rapidly heat the foam and deliver the desired
amount of heated foam at a useful flow rate. By increasing the
temperature of the lather and thereby increasing its solubility in
water, better contact with the beard and increased comfort for the
shaver is afforded.
While a separate device for removable attachment to an aerosal
container has been illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it
will be understood from the above description that the heating
device of this invention can also be made a permanent part of the
container.
The invention in its broader aspects in not limited to the specific
details shown and described, but departures may be made from such
details within the spirit and scope of the accompanying claims
without departing from the principles of the invention and without
sacrificing its chief advantages.
* * * * *