U.S. patent number 3,578,737 [Application Number 04/870,995] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-18 for monolithic sink and vanity top combination.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Standard Inc.. Invention is credited to Howard S. Clark, Dale B. Gunnerson, Kay L. Ruggles.
United States Patent |
3,578,737 |
Ruggles , et al. |
May 18, 1971 |
MONOLITHIC SINK AND VANITY TOP COMBINATION
Abstract
An integral sink and vanity top combination of a thermosetting
synthetic plastic composition, preferably of a polyester resin
type, wherein the bowl area is integrally formed with the vanity
top area. The bowl area is provided with an overflow passageway
that extends along the sidewall of the bowl. An improved
combination having one or more sink bowls is disclosed and which is
manufactured by a method which includes the steps of applying
appropriate coating to the mold and thereafter applying an initial
pour of the polyester resin into the mold, mounting an overflow
tube in proximity to the bowl mold area, then applying a bonnet
over the overflow tube and bowl area after the first pour has
become tacky, and then making a second pour of the same material
into the interior of the bonnet area over the first pour to form
the bowl area to shape in integral assembly with the vanity top
area. A mineral filler may be added to the resin for the initial
pour to produce different desired finishes on the sink and vanity
top combination. As the material is permitted to gel the mold is
vibrated to permit entrapped gasses to escape to insure a product
essentially free of pockets of entrapped air.
Inventors: |
Ruggles; Kay L. (Salt Lake
City, UT), Gunnerson; Dale B. (Salt Lake City, UT),
Clark; Howard S. (Salt Lake City, UT) |
Assignee: |
American Standard Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25356481 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/870,995 |
Filed: |
July 15, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/631; 4/651 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03C
1/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03C
1/18 (20060101); A47k 001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/187,185,1,166,167,168,169,173 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Geiger; Laverne D.
Assistant Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Claims
I claim:
1. As an article of manufacture, an integral sink and vanity top
combination of cast synthetic plastic composition having a bowl
area integral with the vanity top area, the bowl area having a bowl
outlet at the bottom thereof and an overflow outlet at the top
thereof, a pair of spaced ribs formed on the outside of the bowl
and cast integrally therewith extending from opposite sides of the
overflow area down to the outlet area, and a closure element
covering said ribs to form an enclosed passageway to conduct
overflow water from the bowl through said passageway to the outlet
at the bottom of the bowl.
2. An article of manufacture having the features provided for in
claim 1 wherein a recess is formed in said ribs to receive said
closure element so it does not extend beyond the outer surface of
said ribs.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The field of invention to which this disclosure is directed
pertains to an integral sink and vanity top combination.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the past, a number of different types of kitchen and bathroom
sinks have been commercially marketed which have been of a metallic
composition or of a ceramic composition. In the past, where resins
have been used, the vanity top has been formed as a separate unit
apart from the bowl, and attaching devices have been employed for
mounting the bowls onto a countertop or vanity top. A large number
of different systems have been utilized for attaching the bowl to
the countertop, and it is well known that a great deal of
difficulty has been encountered in an effort to develop a leakproof
system of attachment of the bowl to the countertop of a type that
can be conveniently installed and disassembled with a minimum of
effort and expense. Also, difficulty has been encountered in
providing a sink bowl of the type disclosed with a leakproof
overflow passageway.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An important feature of this invention relates to an integral sink
and vanity top combination wherein one or more sink bowls may be
formed in integral assembly with the vanity top in a production
line arrangement where the female mold surface can be positioned at
selected intervals along the length of the table for ease of
manufacture and to increase rates of production.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide a new and
improved sink and vanity top combinations where the expense of the
apparatus may be substantially reduced and where production costs
can be minimized.
Still another object of this invention is to provide countertop and
bowl combinations where tooling expense can be minimized while
allowing great variation in design or shape of the combination and
while further enabling the combination to be manufactured at
improved production rates.
A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved
sink and vanity top combination where the sink bowl is formed
integral with the vanity top and wherein the overflow passageway
can be conveniently formed on the side of the sink bowl.
Other objects and features of this invention will more fully become
apparent in view of the following detailed description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrating therein a
single embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a bottom view of an integral sink and vanity top
combination;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the combination;
FIG. 3 is a front edge elevation of the combination;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the combination with parts broken
away to show the overflow;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary top plan view of a portion of an apparatus
for the manufacture of integral sink and vanity top
combinations;
FIG. 6 is a vertical section of a portion of the apparatus taken
generally on the line VI-VI, looking in the direction of the arrows
as seen in FIG. 5, only showing certain parts in elevation and
illustrating a portion of our method of forming the
combination;
FIG. 7 is a vertical section with a bonnet shown in assembly with
the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 and illustrating a subsequent portion
of our method;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section taken
substantially on the line VIII-VIII looking in the direction
indicated by the arrows as seen in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view similar to FIG. 7 only illustrating the
manner in which the bonnet is removed from the mold after the
poured material has gelled; and
FIGS. 10 and 11 are top plan views similar to FIG. 5 only with the
transverse bars in varied positions for manufacture of two and
three bowl sink and vanity top combinations.
DESCRIPTION OF ONE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Article of Manufacture
The reference numeral 10 indicates generally an integral sink and
vanity top combination embodying certain important features of this
invention. The combination includes a sink bowl area 11 having an
outlet 12a defined by the sink bowl boss 12. Integral in one piece
with the sink bowl area 11 is a vanity top 13 (FIG. 1). At the rear
side of the bowl area are a series of openings 14 for the plumbing
fixtures. Mounted on the front side of the bowl is an arcuate
overflow tube area 15. The sidewall of the bowl has an overflow
outlet, as indicated at 17, in communication with the overflow
passageway 15 to permit fluids to be drained through the overflow
outlet 17 and then discharged through the sink outlet 12a. The
passageway 15 is defined by a raised or rib area 18 provided on an
outer sidewall 11a of the sink 11. An arcuate closure strip or
piece 19 is joined with the rib area 18 to enclose the passageway
15. The piece 19 can be made from any suitable material, and
excellent results are obtained by using a piece made of
fiberglass.
As illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the apparatus for manufacture of
the combination 10 includes a lower bonnet 20 having a female mold
surface 21 of an inverted sink bowl. A large smooth tabletop 22
having a tabletop mold surface 22a is provided and the lower bonnet
20 is mounted thereon. As shown, the tabletop 22 has fixed
longitudinal dikes or strips 23 that extend the length thereof.
Also, at opposite ends of the tabletop are a pair of transverse
dikes or strips 24 which cooperate with the longitudinal strips 23
to contain any material poured onto the mold area. Intermediate of
the transverse strips are a series of polished metal transverse
bars 25 which are movable longitudinally along the length of the
tabletop 22 to permit vanity tops to be poured having variable
longitudinal dimensions. The bars when used also cooperate as a
part of the means to contain the poured material on the mold
surface 22a. These strips 24 and the bars 25 are adjustable by
releasing C-clamps 26 and moving the strips 24 and/or the bars 25
longitudinally to adjusted positions and the securing them by means
of the C-clamps 26. The height of the dikes and bars, as
illustrated, corresponds to the thickness of the vanity top 13. In
addition to the lower bonnet 20, the mold apparatus includes a
generally hemispherical upper bonnet 27 that is used as a mold that
determines the back side surface of the sink mold. The thickness of
the bowls is the measure of the cavity between the bonnets when the
upper bonnet 27 is aligned and clamped with the lower bonnet
20.
The lower bonnet 20, according to our invention, is provided with
means 28 for detachably securing the lower bonnet to the tabletop
22 at any selected position. Variations of positions can be readily
made and the lower bonnet can be positioned close to the edge of
the tabletop and the bonnets can also be positioned closely
together, if desired.
The means 28 includes a rubber suction cup 29 and a stem 30 which
is suitably secured at its lower end 31 with the suction cup 29.
The stem 30 has a threaded upper end 32 that extends above the
lower bonnet 20 and above means 33 comprising a boss which is
generally centered relative to the lower connet mold surface 21 in
the illustrated embodiments. The boss 33 has a bore 34 through
which the stem 30 extends.
The boss 33 has an upper bonnet support shoulder 35 for supporting
the upper bonnet a desired distance above the lower bonnet 20. The
boss 33 also serves as means for forming the drain outlet 12a.
In order to provide an adjustment for the suction cup 29, the upper
threaded stem end 32 is provided with an adjustment nut 32a (FIG.
9). The nut 32a can be moved up and down on the stem for varying
the position of the suction cup 29 with relation to an outer lower
bonnet rim 20a that is adapted to engage the tabletop 22. The nut
32a also coacts in the lower bonnet 22 and the suction cup 29
functions to snugly engage the lower bonnet rim 20a against the
table top 22.
In the process of manufacture of integral sink and vanity top
combinations, the end casting bars 24-24 are placed on the table 22
and the bars 25 are positioned at intervals corresponding to the
desired lengths of the vanity tops. The ends of the bars 24 and the
transverse bars 25 are squared in relation to the dikes or strips
23 in production of the combinations like those illustrated,
although it will be appreciated the vanity top may be irregularly
shaped at its perimeter if an irregularly shaped countertop is
desired. The transverse bars and strips 24 and 25 are then clamped
to the tabletop to hold them in adjusted position. FIGS. 10 and 11
illustrate modifications only to the extent of illustrating how the
position of the transverse bars 25 and the lower bonnets 20 can be
varied to produce sink bowl and vanity top combinations of
different shapes. By using the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 a three
bowl vanity top combination can be produced, while in FIG. 11 a two
bowl vanity top combination can be manufactured.
The bonnet surface 21, the tabletop surface 22a and upper bonnet
inner surface 27b are then cleaned, waxed and sprayed with a
release agent. The bowl mold area 21 and the tabletop area 22a are
then gel coated.
Prior to the securement of the upper bonnet 27 on the lower bonnet
20, the molding mix is then prepared, as later described herein,
and then poured over the lower bonnet mold area or surface 21 and
the tabletop mold area 22a. This pour can be made along the entire
length of the tabletop 22 so that a plurality of sink and vanity
top combinations can be contemporaneously poured. The material
poured over the bowl mold area will remain on the bowl surface to
the thickness of only one-eighth inch to three-sixteenths inch
while the tabletop mold area 22a may be poured to a depth of
three-fourth inch as desired. The first mix is then allowed to gel
until firm for no more than 30--40 minutes. As the mix is allowed
to become firm the table is vibrated by vibrator V until the mix is
gelled. The upper bonnet 27 is then clamped over the bonnet 20
before the mix is gelled and held in position by clamps 37.
The upper bonnet has a pour funnel 38 centered relative to the
lower bonnet boss 33 and the drain outlet 12a being formed and the
threaded upper end 32 of the stem 30 projects upwardly into the
opening defined by the funnel 38. A clamp bar 39 is supported by
upper edge portions 40. The bar 39 extends only over a portion of
the opening defined by the funnel 38 so that material can be poured
through the funnel. A clamp nut 41 having wings or arms 41a is
threaded on to the upper stem end 32 with the arms 41a bearing
against the clamp bar 39 to secure funnel shoulder 42 in fixed
secured engagement against the upper bonnet support shoulder
35.
It will be noted that when the upper bonnet 27 is mounted in
position for the final pour, its lower outer bonnet rim 27a is
seated on the top side of the tabletop material previously poured,
as indicated at 43. In order to obtain a seal between the upper
bonnet rim 27a with the material previously poured at 43, the upper
bonnet should be clamped in position while the mix comprising the
initial pour is in a liquid state, i.e., before it becomes tacky,
so that a seal may be established between the outer rim 27a of the
bonnet 27 at 43 to prevent the mixture comprising the second pour
from escaping at the outer rim juncture of the upper bonnet 27 at
43.
In order to form the rib area 18 on the outer sidewall 11a of the
sink, the upper bonnet 37 is provided with an offset upper bonnet
rib area 27c which extends from the outer rim 27a to the funnel 38.
The upper bonnet is further provided with a continuous bonnet rib
shoulder 27d at the inside of the bonnet rib area 27c. The shoulder
27d is continuous so that the entire margin of a closure piece can
be secured therewith in sealed relation.
A measured second mix is then poured into a funnel 38 and a cavity
C between the bonnets 20 and 27 is then filled with the second mix.
The vibrator V is operated to settle the mix in the cavity C. The
vibrator may be of any suitable type.
The material comprising the first and second mixes is then allowed
to cure for a minimum of 3 to 4 hours, and overhead heaters can be
utilized to accelerate the hardening process. Once the combination
10 has been fully cured, the upper bonnet 27 is unclamped and
removed from the tabletop, as shown in FIG. 9. Due to the angular
configuration of the funnel surfaces, as indicated at 38a and 38b,
any excess material at the cutlet of the sink bowl may be broken
free and removed with the upper bonnet 27. It will be noted that
the internal funnel surface 38a has a larger diameter at an upper
end of the funnel as opposed to its lower end and that the upper
end of inner funnel surface 38b has a smaller diameter at its
juncture with funnel surface 38a than at its lower end. In view of
the shape of these inner funnel surfaces 38a and 38b, the excess
material is generally broken at the juncture of the inner funnel
surfaces, as indicated at 38c (FIG. 9).
In order to remove the formed combination from the tabletop the end
casting bars 24 are detached from the table. After the combination
has been removed from the mold, it is finished by grinding any
excess material from the outlet boss 12. The overflow holes 17 are
then bored, as shown in FIG. 1. Still further, the drain outlet 12a
may also be bored, if necessary. Thereafter, the arcuate closure
strip 19 is secured by means of a suitable mastic 44 to the
continuous rib shoulder 18a in sealed assembly therewith and an
opening 19a is bored in the strip connective with the sink bowl
outlet 12a.
FORMULATIONS FOR FILLED POLYESTER MIX USED IN INTEGRAL SINK AND
VANITY COMBINATIONS
In connection with the mixtures used in the first and second pours
previously described, it will be appreciated that the same mixture
can be used throughout, if desired. In other words, both pours can
be of a solid color mix or both pours can be made of a marble mix,
if desired. Preferably, however, the first pour is made with a
marble mix which includes pigmenting material for creating a
desired marbelized effect in the upper surface of the vanity top.
Various types of pigmenting materials may be used to achieve
different pigmented effects in the upper surface of the vanity top.
Listed below are three different mixes which can be used with
excellent results, depending on the type of product or combination
to be produced.
I. Marble Mix for first and second pours
a. Base Mix
1. Polyester, Epoxy or other thermosetting resin 30--35 percent
2. 140--150 Mesh ground silica flour 20--35 percent
3. Onyx Sand Fines 150 to 10 Mesh Random selection 25--30
percent
4. Colloidal silica (thixotropic agent) 0.2 percent
5. Inorganic Pigment 4--6 percent
b. Marble Veining Mix
1. Polyester, Epoxy or other thermosetting rein 30 percent
2. Onyx Sand Fines 150 to 10 Mesh Random selection 60 percent
3. Inorganic Pigment 10 percent
II. Solid Color Mix for first and second pours
a. Polyester, Epoxy or other thermosetting resin 30--35 percent
b. 60 Mesh silica sand 20--35 percent
c. 140-140Mesh ground silica flour 20--35 percent
d. Colloidal silica thixotropic agent 0.2 percent
e. Inorganic Pigment 4--6 percent
III. Aggregate Mix for first and second pours
a. Polyester, Epoxy or other thermosetting resin 30--35 percent
b. Natural Colored aggregate -0 size to 16 mesh 20--35 percent
c. 140 Mesh ground silica 20--35 percent
d. Colloidal silica thixotropic agent 0.2--0.5 percent
e. Inorganic Pigment ----
The features of the above formulations are:
1. Improved physical properties of the cast material through the
use of silica fillers.
2. Stain moisture resistance is excellent as silica in nonabsorbent
and inert.
3. Heat resistance (cigarette burns) is increased through using
silica which acts somewhat as a heat sink and is inert.
Typical physical properties are:
Tensile 1,500 p.s.i.
Compression 13,000 p.s.i.
Hardness 55--60 Barcol
Abrasion Resistance 1.93 g. w/H18 wheel
The use of various meshes of filler allows proper stacking of the
aggregate to reduce settling or classification due to mold
vibration. The colloidal silica is used as an additive also to
prevent settling. Settling is not desired as it will unbalance the
cast material, i.e., the lower surface will have a different
density than the upper surface. This will also change the resin
content through the strata of the casting. As resin shrinks
5--7percent during cure, any change of resin content through the
casting will cause differential forces to be present during cure.
This will result in the part being warped unless restrained either
by a matched mold or fixtures or through the shape of the part
itself, i.e., two-way curvature.
The use of heavier aggregate in the marble mixture tends to break
up the marble veining into a more decorative effect and approaches
a natural look.
The top surface of the vanity can be made to simulate marble,
travertine, slate or other natural textures by the use of different
types of so-called veining mixture.
There is considerable advantage, from one standpoint of increasing
the production rate of sink and vanity top combinations, in
providing a table which may be 30 to 40 feet long having a series
of female molds each with means for securing the female molds and
the upper bonnets at selected intervals for the manufacture of
combinations with bowl areas positioned at various positions on the
vanity top such as close together or close to one side or edge of
the vanity top associated therewith. The transversely spaced bars
25 can be variously adjusted so that a series of sink and vanity
top combinations can be contemporaneously formed and so that
relative position of the bowl or bowls on the vanity top can be
customized. The disclosed molds enable 10 or more sink and vanity
combinations to be contemporaneously formed, as desired, and each
combination can be quite different in specifications. Not only can
the position of the bowls be varied but also the length and/or
shape of the vanity top.
One of the important advantages and features of the method here
disclosed relates to our discovery that when the first and second
pours of material are made in the manner described and where the
second pour is applied to the first pour after the first pour
becomes tacky, a complete bonding of the two pours occurs so that a
single homogeneous combining of the materials of the first and
second pours occurs. One examination of the finished product it is
found that the materials of the first and second pours have
completely merged together so that the resulting product is free of
laminations and comprises a single layer of material. It has been
found that the one-layered combination is not only attractive in
appearance but also has great strength, thus enabling the product
to be well adapted for use in its intended manner.
Although minor modifications might be suggested by those versed in
the art, it should be understood that we wish to embody within the
scope of the patent warranted hereon, all such modifications as
reasonably and properly come within the scope of our contribution
to the art.
* * * * *