U.S. patent number 3,577,753 [Application Number 04/763,715] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-04 for method and apparatus for forming thin-walled cylindrical articles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bethlehem Steel Corporation. Invention is credited to Louis S. Schwartz, Dipak C. Shah.
United States Patent |
3,577,753 |
Shah , et al. |
May 4, 1971 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING THIN-WALLED CYLINDRICAL
ARTICLES
Abstract
A method and apparatus for forming thin-walled containers from
flat blanks is disclosed herein. The flat blanks are precoated with
a dry film lubricant and drawn and ironed through a series of dies.
Apparatus is provided to prevent the thermal breakdown of the
lubricant comprising an internally fluid-cooled punch and
fluid-cooled dies.
Inventors: |
Shah; Dipak C. (Bethlehem,
PA), Schwartz; Louis S. (Schnecksville, PA) |
Assignee: |
Bethlehem Steel Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25068611 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/763,715 |
Filed: |
September 30, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
72/41; 72/349;
72/342.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B21D
22/201 (20130101); B21D 22/28 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B21D
22/20 (20060101); B21D 22/28 (20060101); B21d
022/28 (); B21d 037/16 (); B21d 037/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;72/41,42,342,347,34
(B)/ ;72/349 ;113/120 (H)/ |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Larson; Lowell A.
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of drawing and ironing thin-walled cylindrical articles
from a flat blank comprising the steps of:
a. coating said blank with a dry film lubricant,
b. forcing said blank through a series of drawing and ironing dies,
and
c. maintaining the surface temperature of said blank less than the
breakdown temperature of said lubricant.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the provision of step
(c) includes cooling the working surface of said punch.
3. The method according to claim 2 further including cooling said
series of drawing and ironing dies during the die stroke.
4. In apparatus for multiple stage drawing and ironing of
thin-walled cylindrical articles from a flat blank coated with a
dry film lubricant, the improvement comprising, in combination:
a. an internally fluid-cooled punch,
b. a first die and a second die, each of said dies having an
aperture,
c. spacer means to maintain said first die and said second die in
spaced relation, said spacer means having a passage in alignment
with said first and second die apertures, and
d. means to pass a cooling fluid into said spacer means passage to
cool said blank as it is drawn through said spacer means
passage.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said punch is provided
with a plurality of radially spaced longitudinal bores adjacent the
surface of said punch adapted to receive a circulating cooling
medium.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to the manufacture of seamless
containers and more particularly to an improved method and
apparatus for drawing and ironing said containers from flat metal
blanks.
The manufacture of thin-walled cylindrical containers comprise
steps including drawing, redrawing, and ironing of flat metal
blanks. As referred to throughout this application the term
"drawing" is applied to the operation which initially forms a
shallow cup from the starting flat blank of metal. The shallow cup
is produced when a punch forces the blank through a drawing die
turning a peripheral portion of the blank upwardly and
simultaneously smooths the sidewall thus formed. This operation
does not result in any reduction of the blank, the thickness of the
cup being the same as the thickness of the starting blank.
The term "ironing" refers to the operation of further forcing the
drawn cup through an ironing die by means of a punch resulting in
substantial reduction of the sidewall thickness thus elongating the
cup. No appreciable reduction in diameter of the cup results from
this operation.
Apparatus is known whereby flat blanks are drawn and ironed to form
a metal container whose sidewall thickness is less than the
thickness of the starting blank in a single stroke of the die
punch. The die punch forces the blank through a plurality of
spaced-apart drawing and ironing dies which are fixed in axial
alignment with said punch in a holder. There are problems involved
in the drawing and ironing of relatively thin gauge metal such as
flat steel blanks, however, including the generation of frictional
heat during movement of the punch through the forming dies and
possible shearing and fracturing of the tubularlike workpiece.
Also, conventional means for providing lubricant at each die
station results in costly loss of lubricant and the residual liquid
lubricant on the can must be removed by an additional processing
step. Another problem of conventional drawing and ironing
operations is the extensive die wear due to metal-to-metal contact
between the dies and the blank.
It has been proposed to use a metal blank having a coating of dry
film lubricant. However, the buildup of heat in conventional punch
and die apparatus prevents such use because of the thermal
breakdown of the lubricant. Therefore, the instant invention was
developed to overcome this objection.
The primary object, therefore, of the present invention is to
provide means for drawing and ironing thin-walled containers from
blanks having a dry film lubricant coating without the thermal
breakdown thereof.
A further object is to provide apparatus for producing thin-walled
containers without fear of shearing or fracturing the metal.
A still further object is to provide apparatus for producing drawn
and ironed articles without the addition of lubricant during the
drawing and ironing process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects are accomplished by providing fluid-cooled
apparatus which is adapted to draw and iron a flat metal blank
precoated with a dry film lubricant into a thin-walled cylindrical
container. The apparatus is adapted to prevent the thermal
breakdown of the lubricant and at the same time to cool the punch
and dies.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the apparatus of the instant
invention,
FIG. 2 is a section through the die holder taken on line 2-2 of
FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a detailed sectional view of the punch,
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view through the punch taken on
line 4-4 of FIG. 3,
FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view through the punch taken on
line 5-5 of FIG. 3, and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view through the punch taken on
line 6-6 of FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The invention will now be described in detail with particular
reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the
arrangement of the various elements of the apparatus of the
invention. A reciprocable press ram 10 is adapted to receive the
threaded end portion 11 of punch assembly 12. Die holder 13 which
is affixed to the press bed 14 as, e.g., by bolts 15 comprises
blank holder 20 and die jacket 22. Blank holder 20 is adapted to
reciprocate within cylinder 21 by pneumatic means which operates
piston 23 to which said blank holder is removably attached. The die
jacket 22, which is seen in section in FIG. 2 comprises flanged
segments 22' for easy removal, bolted to the press bed 14, and a
set of dies including a redraw die 16 and three ironing dies 17
separated in a predetermined arrangement by spacers 18. The outside
diameter of spacers 18 is somewhat smaller than the inside diameter
of the jacket 22 to allow space for circulation of a cooling
medium. As seen in FIG. 2 the spacers are provided with pins 25
located 90.degree. apart on the outside diameter of the spacer and
integral therewith to facilitate its alignment within the jacket
and are further provided on top and bottom surfaces with radially
disposed grooves 27 to allow a cooling medium to circulate around
the dies. Conduits 24 supply each of the spacers with the cooling
medium. The inside diameter of jacket 22 is slightly larger than
the outside diameter of the dies to enable the dies to free float
and thus aid in aligning the dies as the punch descends. Dies 16
and 17 are of conventional design each having an aperture 50
through which the punch passes. Filler 18' is provided at the
bottom of the die jacket to support the dies and establish a
chamber 19 for the purpose of receiving the completely drawn and
ironed product. An opening (not shown) is provided in the lower
section of one of the flanged segments for ejecting the cams
sideways to a collecting station upon withdrawal of the punch.
Conduit 26 supplies a blast of air to blow the can out of the
chamber 19.
Referring now to FIG. 3 the punch assembly 12 is seen in
longitudinal section and will be described in detail. The pictured
embodiment discloses a two-piece punch comprising punch adapted 28
and punch body 29 which when assembled provides an internally
fluid-cooled punch for drawing and ironing precoated metal blanks.
The punch adapter 28 is provided with male threads 11 at one end
thereof for attachment to the press ram 10. A female connection 31
at the other end of the punch adapter 28 is threaded to receive the
upper male threaded end 32 of the punch body 29 to unite the punch
parts into an operating unit. O-rings 33 at the interfaces of the
connection provide a positive liquid seal between the mating
surfaces of the punch body and adapter. A coolant is supplied
through an inlet pipe 34 to a longitudinal bore 35 through the
punch adapter 28 thence through a longitudinal bore 36 in the punch
body 29. A plug 37 is adapted to receive the coolant and distribute
it by means of an annular channel 38, FIG. 6, to seven radially
spaced longitudinal bores or outlet holes 39 adjacent the surface
of punch body 29, and somewhat smaller in diameter than the inlet
bore 36. The base cap or plug 37 combines with O-rings 30 as a
sealant to accommodate continuous flow of the cooling medium in the
system. This arrangement provides effective cooling of the surface
of the punch. The upper end of the punch body 29, see FIG. 5, is
provided with a partial annular channel communicating with the
upper or discharge ends of the outlet holes 39 for collecting the
cooling medium and discharging it into outlet bore 41 which is a
longitudinal bore in the punch adapter 28 substantially
diametrically opposite aforesaid longitudinal bore 35, FIG. 4, and
communicating with an outlet pipe 42.
The punch assembly 12 is further provided with a longitudinal bore
40 extending through the axis of the punch through which an air
blast is directed to strip the drawn and ironed can off the punch
as the press ram and punch start the return stroke. The punch body
29 is provided with a bore 43 at the lower end extending at an
angle generally upwardly from the center bore 40 to a point just
beneath the surface of the punch body for insertion of a
thermocouple (not shown). Leads from the thermocouple are passed up
the center bore 40 to angular bore 45 near the top of punch adapter
28. The leads exit from the punch through the bore 45 and then are
attached to a device for recording the surface temperature of the
punch body so that a substantially constant temperature of
approximately 50.degree. F. can be maintained on the surface.
The following description will point out with particularity the
unique features of the present invention which provides means for
deep-drawing and ironing thin cylindrical articles such as beer and
beverage containers and the like. The starting blank is a flat
circular piece of thin metal such a black plate or the like which
is prepared in a conventional manner for the deep drawing operation
by vapor degreasing and then cathodically cleaning the blank to
remove the oxide film in order to achieve a strong chemical bond of
the lubricant film with the metal surface. After cathodic cleaning,
blanks are thoroughly rinsed in hot water and dried in an oven. The
blanks are then coated with a lubricant film which may be composed
of a phosphate coating and an organic lubricant applied in a single
bath in which the blank is immersed for a sufficient length of time
to insure proper bonding of the coating to the metal surfaces. The
coated blanks are then dried in a drying oven to produce the
desired dry film lubricant. Other lubricant coatings may also be
used as e.g. soap lubricants omitting the phosphate coating or
commercially known quick-drying lubricants which eliminate the
drying step. However, it has been found that the best results are
obtained when using the combination phosphate coating and organic
lubricant.
In the pictured embodiment the coated blank 44 is a shallow cup
preform produced in another press. This procedure was merely an
expedient means of using available equipment. It will be understood
by those skilled in the art, however, that this initial step can be
included with the subsequent drawing and ironing steps in a one
step, single-stroke operation.
The shallow cup blank 44 is fed to the press and is seated in the
recess provided by the redraw die 16 at the top of the die holder
13. The blank holder 20 is actuated by the operator or on a signal
activated responsive to the presence of the blank on the die holder
13 and moves downward from its retracted position to establish a
predetermined holddown pressure. The punch 12 is then actuated to
drive the precoated metal blank through the series of redraw 16 and
ironing dies 17 to produce the desired end product. No other
lubricant is applied to the blank during this redrawing and
multiple ironing operation. When the punch 12 reaches the bottom
dead center position, a microswitch-controlled air valve is
triggered releasing an air blast through the center hole 40 in the
punch assembly which strips the can off of the punch. When the
punch passes a preselected position on its return stroke means is
activated to supply a side blast of air through air blast hole 26
at the bottom of die holder 13 to push the can out into a
collecting station, thus making the press ready for the next
cycle.
Cold air is circulated over the dies during the redraw and ironing
operation to keep the dies cool as well as to supply a cooling
medium to the outside surface of the container being drawn. A fluid
coolant is also passed through the punch assembly as hereinbefore
described in order to cool the surface of the punch body 29
maintaining an optimum temperature of said surface of about
50.degree. F. Throttling devices are provided to control the flow
of the fluid coolant in both areas. A thermocouple (not shown) is
inserted in bore 43 to record the temperature of the punch body
just beneath the surface thereof. It has been found that 50.degree.
F. is the desired temperature for the punch to prevent thermal
breakdown of the dry film lubricant. An evenly textured dull gray
can is thus produced and a minimum of die wear results from the
absence of metal-to-metal contact due to the stability of the dry
film lubricant on the metal blank maintained by the fluid cooled
punch of the instant invention.
The instant invention, therefore, provides a practical method for
drawing and severe ironing flat metal blanks into predetermined
configuration by a unique tooling system. The novel means employed
for cooling the punch and blank results in a highly acceptable
product which is readily adaptable to subsequent processing such as
the application of enameling.
* * * * *