U.S. patent number 3,574,952 [Application Number 04/818,215] was granted by the patent office on 1971-04-13 for drying apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Reynolds Metals Company. Invention is credited to Harry W. Lee, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,574,952 |
Lee, Jr. |
April 13, 1971 |
DRYING APPARATUS
Abstract
An apparatus for and method of drying articles such as tubular
containers each having a bottom wall, an adjoining sidewall, and an
open end wherein said containers are supported in an inverted
position and a drying gas moved therepast in such a manner that it
circulates around and within the containers and provides efficient
drying of both the interiors and exteriors thereof.
Inventors: |
Lee, Jr.; Harry W. (Richmond,
VA) |
Assignee: |
Reynolds Metals Company
(Richmond, VA)
|
Family
ID: |
25224977 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/818,215 |
Filed: |
April 22, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
34/105 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F26B
15/18 (20130101); F26B 21/006 (20130101); F26B
21/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F26B
15/18 (20060101); F26B 15/00 (20060101); F26B
21/04 (20060101); F26B 21/02 (20060101); F26B
21/00 (20060101); F26b 025/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;34/21,103,105 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
3363327 |
January 1968 |
Harrison et al. |
|
Primary Examiner: Sukalo; Charles
Claims
I claim:
1. An apparatus for drying elongated tubular articles comprising, a
conveyor for supporting said articles with their axes arranged
vertically and in parallel relation while allowing substantially
unobstructed gas flow therethrough in a direction perpendicular to
its supporting surface, a system for circulating a drying gas
around said articles and then toward said conveyor, means for
dampening any turbulence in said drying gas as it approaches said
articles, and means directing said drying gas toward said articles
at high velocity and in a plurality of closely spaced jets with the
spacing between jets assuring that at least one jet is directed
normally toward each of said articles.
2. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said directing
means comprises a planar sheet having a plurality of spaced
openings provided therein defining said plurality of jets, said
sheet being arranged parallel to said conveyor and between said
dampening means and said articles.
3. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said dampening
means comprises a plurality of screens arranged parallel to said
conveyor.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said directing
means comprises a planar sheet having a plurality of openings
therein defining said plurality of jets and said dampening means
comprises a screen arranged above and parallel to said planar
sheet, said screen being defined by a plurality of crisscrossed
undulating wires which help minimize any turbulence in the flow of
said drying gas as it approaches said planar sheet.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4 and further comprising a
flow control device arranged beneath said conveyor and defining
spaced apertures beneath said articles, said control device and
directing means assuring that each of said articles is maintained
in an upright manner with said drying gas being circulated past
each article at high velocity to thereby provide efficient transfer
of heat to each article and drying thereof.
6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which each of said
articles has a sidewall provided with opposed end edges and a wall
arranged intermediate said end edges, and further comprising a flow
control device arranged beneath said conveyor and defining spaced
apertures beneath said articles, said control device and directing
means assuring that each of said articles is maintained in an
upright manner with said drying gas being circulated past each
sidewall at high velocity to thereby provide efficient transfer of
heat to said sidewall and simultaneously provide a negative
pressure beneath each article and circulation of said drying gas
within each article beneath its transverse wall to enable rapid
drying of both the interior and exterior of each article.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 in which said flow control
device comprises a stationary planar support supporting said
conveyor for movement thereon, said support having said spaced
apertures provided therein.
8. An apparatus for drying tubular containers each having a bottom
wall and an adjoining sidewall terminating in an end edge defining
an open end, said apparatus comprising, a conveyor for supporting
each container in an inverted manner with its end edge resting on
said conveyor, said conveyor allowing substantially unobstructed
gas flow therethrough in a direction perpendicular to its
supporting surface, a system for circulating a drying gas against
the bottom wall of each container and around its sidewall and then
toward said conveyor, means directing said drying gas toward said
containers at high velocity and in a plurality of closely spaced
jets with the spacing between jets assuring that at least one jet
is directed normally toward each of said containers, and a flow
control device arranged beneath a horizontal portion of said
conveyor and defining spaced apertures beneath said containers,
said flow control device and directing means assuring that each of
said containers is maintained in an upright manner, said drying gas
being circulated past each sidewall at high velocity to thereby
provide efficient transfer of heat to each sidewall and
simultaneously provide a negative pressure beneath each container
and circulation of said drying gas within each container to enable
rapid drying of both the interior and exterior of each
container.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8 in which said circulating
system comprises a system for circulating heated air with said
circulating system, directing means, and flow control device
cooperating to provide a venturi effect which causes said negative
pressure and said circulation of heated air within each
container.
10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 9 and further comprising
means for dampening any turbulence in said drying gas, said
dampening means being arranged upstream of said directing
means.
11. An apparatus as set forth in claim 10 in which said negative
pressure ranges between roughly 1/2 inch to 2 inches of water which
assures each of said containers is held in a stable upright manner
while providing efficient drying of the interior thereof.
12. An apparatus as set forth in claim 10 in which said flow
control device comprises a stationary planar member supported
beneath said horizontal portion of said conveyor, said support
having said spaced apertures provided therein.
13. An apparatus as set forth in claim 10 in which said directing
means comprises a planar sheet arranged parallel to said conveyor
and having a plurality of spaced openings provided therein defining
said plurality of jets.
14. An apparatus as set forth in claim 13 in which said dampening
means comprises a plurality of sets of screen and plate assemblies
arranged parallel to said horizontal portion of said conveyor, each
of said sets being defined by a perforated plate and an adjoining
screen arranged upstream thereof.
15. An apparatus as set forth in claim 14 in which each of said
screens is defined by a plurality of crisscrossed undulating wires
which also help minimize any turbulence in the flow of said heated
air.
16. An apparatus as set forth in claim 9 in which said conveyor
comprises an endless chain link conveyor and said circulating
system comprises a closed loop system which reheats and
recirculates the air past the containers being dried by said
apparatus.
17. An apparatus as set forth in claim 9 in which each bottom wall
of each container has an outwardly concave depression defined
therein and with said containers moving from a washer to said
apparatus in an inverted manner washing fluid is contained in said
depression, and with said directing means assuring that at least
one jet of air is directed normally toward each container the
washing fluid is displaced from within its depression by the action
of an associated jet of air while the associated container is
maintained in an upright position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many apparatus and methods have been proposed heretofore for drying
tubular containers, such as cans each having one open end, for
example, by passing a drying gas thereover. However, such
previously proposed apparatus and methods do not provide efficient
drying of the interiors of such cans because of their inability to
circulate the drying gas inside each can.
SUMMARY
This invention provides an improved apparatus for and method of
drying articles such as tubular containers each having a bottom
wall, an adjoining sidewall, and an open end wherein said
containers are supported in an inverted position and a drying gas
circulated therepast in such a manner as to provide efficient
drying of the exteriors thereof while simultaneously providing
circulation of such drying gas within each container to also
provide efficient drying of the interiors thereof.
Other details, uses, and advantages of this invention will become
apparent as the following description of the exemplary embodiment
thereof presented in the accompanying drawings proceeds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings show a present exemplary embodiment of
this invention, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view with parts broken away illustrating
one exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of this invention used to
dry tubular containers each having only one open end;
FIG. 2 is a view taken essentially on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a
portion of the conveyor comprising the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation with parts broken away of the apparatus
of FIG. 1 particularly highlighting the method utilized to
circulate a drying gas over the containers;
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary view taken essentially on
the line 5-5 of FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary view with an exaggerated
spacing between containers particularly illustrating the manner in
which a drying gas is circulated past a plurality of inverted
containers to provide rapid and efficient drying of both the
interiors and exteriors thereof while providing circulation of gas
within each inverted container.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
Reference is now made to FIGS. 1--3 of the drawings which
illustrate one exemplary embodiment of the apparatus and method of
this invention which is designated generally by the reference
numeral 20. The apparatus 20 comprises an endless chain conveyor 21
which has a maximum open area which allows substantially
unobstructed flow therethrough of a drying gas in a direction
perpendicular to its supporting surface. The conveyor 21 has a
horizontally extending portion 22 which is adapted to support a
plurality of elongated tubular articles shown as a plurality of
tubular containers or cans 23 each having a bottom wall 24 and an
adjoining sidewall 25 terminating in an end edge 26 defining an
open end, see FIG. 6.
The cans 23 are supported on the horizontally extending portion 22
of the conveyor 21 with their axes arranged vertically and in
parallel relation. A system is provided for circulating a drying
gas or fluid, heated air in this example of the invention, around
the cans 23 so as to provide efficient simultaneous drying of both
the interiors and exteriors of such cans.
The apparatus 20 has means for directing the drying air, indicated
in the drawings by a plurality of arrows 30, so that the air is
directed toward the cans 23 at high velocity and in a plurality of
closely spaced jets, with the spacing between such jets assuring
that at least one jet is directed normally toward each of the cans
23 and in particular substantially toward the central portion of
the bottom wall 24 of each can 23. The apparatus 20 has means for
dampening any turbulence in the heated air as it approaches the
cans 23 and in this example of the invention the dampening means
comprises a plurality of sets 31 of screen and plate assemblies
arranged parallel to the horizontal portion 22 of the conveyor 21
and with each set being defined by a perforated plate 32 adjoined
by a screen 33 arranged upstream thereof. The apparatus 20 also has
a planar sheet 34 which has a plurality of spaced openings 35
provided therein and the openings 35 define the previously
mentioned jets which assure that heated air is directed toward the
cans 23 at high velocity.
The apparatus 20 also has a flow control device arranged beneath
the horizontal portion 22 of conveyor 21 which is used to create a
negative pressure beneath the conveyor and cans 23 and in this
example of the invention such flow control device comprises a plate
36 having a plurality of apertures 37 therein. The plate 36 with
its apertures 37 operates to restrict airflow in a controlled
manner creating a venturi effect which causes heated air to
circulate inside the inverted cans 23 and provide an efficient
drying of the can interiors. It will also be appreciated that the
construction of the conveyor 21 may be such that it cooperates with
the plate 36 to provide controlled flow producing the
above-mentioned venturi effect.
The apparatus 20 has what will be referred to as a drying chamber
40 defined by a housing 41 which has openings 42 and 43 at opposite
ends thereof which allow the conveyor 21 with the cans 23 supported
thereon in an inverted manner to pass through the chamber 40 in a
continuous manner to enable high-speed drying thereof. The housing
portion 41 and hence drying chamber 40 is supported on an
associated supporting floor by a plurality of spaced vertical legs
44.
The apparatus 20 also includes a duct assembly 45 arranged beneath
the housing portion 41 and the assembly 45 has an upstream end
fastened in sealed relation to the housing portion 41 and a
downstream end fastened in sealed relation to the inlet of a
centrifugal fan 46. The apparatus 20 also has a duct assembly 48
which includes a vertically extending portion 50 which is fastened
in sealed relation to the discharge of the fan 46, a vertical
downwardly flaring frustopyramidal section 51 fastened in sealed
relation to the top portion of the housing 41 and a substantially
U-shaped transition section 52 connecting the vertical sections 50
and 51.
The fan 46 has a shaft 53 extending therefrom which is supported by
a pair of antifriction bearings 54 carried on a support 55 and the
shaft 53 is driven by a suitable drive motor 56. The apparatus 20
has a plurality of heaters 57 which may be in the form of
electrical heaters which are provided with electrical power from
any suitable power source and are utilized to heat the air which is
used to dry the cans 23.
As will be apparent particularly from FIG. 4 of the drawings, the
air circulating system for the apparatus 20 comprises a closed loop
system which circulates heated air past the containers 23 in the
drying chamber 40. The air is then recirculated past the heaters 57
to remove any moisture that may be present therein. In addition,
suitable air temperature control devices may be arranged downstream
of the heaters 57 and used to control such heaters and hence the
temperature of the heated air to provide optimum drying
efficiency.
The cans 23 which are to be dried are moved from a can washer, for
example, in an inverted position and placed on the horizontally
extending portion 22 of the conveyor 21 so that they may be moved
through the drying chamber 40. Any suitable technique may be
utilized to place the cans 23 on the conveyor 22 such as by manual
or automatic means. For example, an endless conveyor 60 may be used
to move washed cans from a can washer 61, see FIG. 2, to a transfer
mechanism such as a horizontally reciprocating plate assembly 62
which transfers the cans onto the horizontal portion 22 of the
conveyor 21. It will also be appreciated that the conveyor 21 may
also be provided so that the horizontally arranged portion 22
extends completely through the washer thus eliminating the need to
provide a separate conveyor from the washer 61 and a device to
transfer the cans from the washer conveyor to the conveyor 21.
As the cans 23 are moved through the drying chamber 40 the high
velocity jets of air defined by the openings 35 in the sheet 34
impinge downwardly against the bottom walls 24 of the cans 23 while
sweeping past the sidewalls 25 at a sufficiently high velocity to
provide efficient transfer of heat to and hence drying of the
sidewalls. As the air sweeps past the cans 23, the plate 36 with
its apertures 37 helps control the airflow and causes a negative
pressure in a chamber 63 defined beneath the plate 36 so as to
provide the previously mentioned venturi effect causing circulation
of the heated air within each can 23 and as indicated in a somewhat
exaggerated manner by the arrows 64 and 65 in FIG. 6 of the
drawings.
Thus, it will be seen that the high velocity heated air bathes the
outside of each can 23 while the components of the apparatus 20
cooperate to provide circulation of heated air within each can 23
whereby efficient drying of both the interiors and exteriors of the
cans 23 is provided. In addition, the airflow is such that the cans
23 are maintained in their upright positions as they pass through
the drying chamber 40.
The conveyor 21 comprising the apparatus 20 has been described as a
chain conveyor having a maximum open area which enables
substantially unobstructed airflow therethrough. The conveyor 21
comprises a plurality of links 66 each having an undulating
configuration essentially as shown in FIG. 3 with each pair of
adjoining links being held together by an elongated rod 67 which
may extend across the full width of the conveyor 21. The individual
links 66 and their rods 67 may be made of any suitable corrosion
resistant material such as stainless steel or a plastic material.
Yet, the construction of the conveyor 21 is such that it may be
moved in a continuous endless path.
The conveyor 21 is supported by a plurality of toothed rollers 68
which have cooperating teeth which are received within openings 70
defined between adjacent chain links 66. One of the rollers 68,
shown as the upper left-hand roller in FIG. 2 and indicated at 71
is driven by a suitable drive motor to enable movement of the
conveyor 21 in an endless path.
The plate 36 with its apertures or openings 37 is supported beneath
the horizontal portion 22 of the conveyor 21 in any suitable
manner. However, in this example of the invention the plate 36 is
in the form of a support plate which is suitably fixed to the legs
44 and has a top surface which supports the horizontal portion 22
for sliding movement thereacross with minimum frictional drag while
assuring that each can 23 is supported on its associated end edge
26 with optimum stability.
To minimize the frictional drag between the conveyor and the plate
the conveyor 21 and/or plate 36 may have their rubbing surface
portions either made of or treated with suitable antifriction
materials. In addition, elongated narrow strips made of an
antifriction material may be fixed on the plate 36 to reduce the
rubbing area.
As previously mentioned a plurality of dampening assembly 31 is
provided for dampening any turbulence in the heated air as it
approaches the cans 23 and each dampening assembly is comprised of
a plate 32 adjoined by a screen 33. Each plate 32 preferably has a
plurality of openings 72 provided therein while each screen 33 is
in the form of a large mesh screen defined by a plurality of
crisscrossed undulating wires 73 which, due to the undulating
character thereof, help minimize any turbulence in the flow of
heated air as it approaches the planar sheet 34 and thereby assures
the provision of uniformly spaced high velocity jets of air exiting
the lower surface of the plate 34 toward the cans 23, see FIG.
4.
As will be apparent from FIG. 6 of the drawings, each bottom wall
24 of each exemplary can 23 has an outwardly concave recess or
depression 74 defined therein and with the cans moving into the
drying apparatus 20 from an associated washer in an inverted
position washing fluid, such as water, for example, is contained in
each depression 74. However, the area of each opening 35 and the
spacing between openings is correlated with the diameter of the
cans 23 to assure that at least one jet of heated air is directed
substantially normally, i.e., perpendicularly, toward the bottom
wall 24 of each can 23. Thus, with the presence of a washing fluid,
such as water, within a depression 74 it will be seen that the jet
of air impinging thereagainst displaces the washing fluid from
within the depression and downwardly along the associated sidewall
25 whereupon the high velocity heated air provides rapid drying of
the bottom wall 24 and sidewall 25.
As previously indicated, the cooperating arrangement of the
openings 35 in sheet 34 and the apertures 37 in the plate 36
together with the circulation of heated air as provided by the fan
46 results in the provision of a positive pressure ranging roughly
between one-fourth and one-half inch of water in the drying chamber
40 immediately above the sheet 34 whereby a negative pressure
ranging roughly between 1/2 inch and 2 inches of water is provided
in the chamber 63 immediately beneath plate 36. This pressure
distribution and the cooperating arrangement of components is such
that the cans 23 are maintained in a stable upright manner, yet an
efficient drying is provided by air flowing inside of and around
such cans.
The sheet or plate 34 is positioned a controlled distance above the
bottom walls 24 of the cans 23 and as indicated at 75 in FIG. 6.
Suitable means may be provided in the housing 41 to assure that the
sheet 34 may be moved to accommodate cans of different heights and
thereby assure impingement of air at high velocity against the
bottom walls of the cans 23 as well as high velocity flow along the
sidewalls of such cans. It will also be appreciated that with the
apparatus and method of this invention the cans 23 may be packed
tightly with their sidewalls 23 substantially in adjoining relation
during movement thereof by the conveyor 21 through the drying
chamber 40. With the cans tightly packed there is less area between
adjacent cans which causes higher velocity airflow along the
sidewalls of the cans 23 whereby more efficient heat transfer is
provided and hence more rapid and efficient drying of the
particular cans. In particular, using the standard 12 fluid oz.
beverage can of circular cross-sectional configuration the
effective area between cans is roughly 10 percent of the total
available supporting area of the horizontal portion 22 of belt 21
which is within the chamber 40, for example. This 10 percent area
assures high velocity flow and efficient heat transfer.
The presentation of FIG. 6 has been made with the cans 23 arranged
in widely spaced relation to demonstrate the action that takes
place whereby air is circulated at high velocity around the
exteriors of the cans and within the inverted cans to provide
efficient high speed drying. An efficient high speed drying action
takes place which is made possible by both convection and
conduction and irrespective of whether the cans are widely spaced
as much as or more than shown in FIG. 6 or are packed tightly
together.
While a present exemplary embodiment of this invention, and method
of practicing the same, has been illustrated and described, it will
be recognized that this invention may be otherwise variously
embodied and practiced by those skilled in the art.
* * * * *