U.S. patent number 3,572,552 [Application Number 04/844,830] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-30 for diaphragm dispenser.
Invention is credited to Perry W. Guinn.
United States Patent |
3,572,552 |
Guinn |
March 30, 1971 |
DIAPHRAGM DISPENSER
Abstract
The present invention comprises a diaphragm dispenser for fluids
and includes plural charge-receiving chambers having respective
variable upper extremities. The latter are defined by a diaphragm
means which is selectively deformable, and in desired degrees,
within said chambers as fluid pressure is applied to the upper side
of the diaphragm. This is accomplished in one form of the invention
by a plunger and, preferably, the same actuates a given hydraulic
fluid exposed between the diaphragm and the plunger. The plunger is
preferably calibrated so that a given depression of the operating
piston thereof effects predetermined incremental displacements of
respective portions of the diaphragm within the charged chambers so
that the latter may receive and discharge respective portions of a
test liquid in a manner hereinafter described.
Inventors: |
Guinn; Perry W. (Murray,
UT) |
Family
ID: |
25293741 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/844,830 |
Filed: |
July 25, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/263;
73/864.16; 73/863.32; 73/864.11; 604/214; 422/504 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01F
11/08 (20130101); B01L 3/021 (20130101); B01L
2300/0829 (20130101); B01L 2400/0481 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01F
11/02 (20060101); G01F 11/08 (20060101); G01f
011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/255,386.5,263
;73/425.4,425.6 ;141/245 ;128/(Digest) 5/ ;128/218,218 (C)/
;23/253,259 (Inquired)/ |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Grant; Edwin D.
Claims
I claim:
1. A fluid dispenser including, in combination, structure defining
plural, vertically disposed chambers, a cavity horizontally
disposed over said chambers, flexible diaphragm means disposed
between said chambers and said cavity and forming a lower boundary
of said cavity, fluid means disposed in said cavity for depressing
said diaphragm means within said chambers when said fluid means is
under pressure, and means for releasably applying pressure to said
fluid means connected to said structure and communicating with said
cavity above said diaphragm means.
2. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said pressure applying
means comprises a syringe.
3. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said pressure applying
means comprises a syringe having a cylinder, a reciprocatingly
translatable plunger operatively disposed within said cylinder, and
a tube affixed to an and communicating with said cylinder and said
cavity of said structure above said diaphragm means, said fluid
means filling said cylinder beneath said plunger, said tube, and
said cavity.
4. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said fluid means
comprises a hydraulic liquid.
5. Structure according to claim 1 wherein said dispenser includes
plural, needlelike cylinders communicating with said chambers and
fixedly disposed with respect to and depending from said defining
structure.
6. The dispenser of claim 1 wherein said diaphragm means comprises
an elastomeric diaphragm sheet disposed over said chambers.
7. The dispenser of claim 1 wherein said fluid means comprises a
gaseous medium.
8. The dispenser of claim 1 wherein said fluid means comprises a
hydraulic liquid, said pressure means comprising a syringe.
9. The dispenser of claim 3 wherein said syringe includes a plunger
return spring.
10. The structure of claim 5 wherein said dispenser includes end
support means disposed upon opposite sides of said cylinders and
depending therebeneath.
Description
The present invention relates to dispensers of liquid and, more
particularly, to a new and improved diaphragm type dispenser
wherein the diaphragm incorporated in the design of the device is
operative so as to permit charge chambers of the device to be
filled in the desired manner and, subsequently, discharged as
required.
In laboratory work it is frequently desirous to have accessible
some type of dispenser for filling individual depressions in a
tray, a plurality of test tubes, and so forth. Frequently it is
desirous to test the effectiveness of drugs, and bacterial and
antibiotic solutions of various types. It is convenient in such
instances to provide a tray resembling a muffin tin used by
housewives for baking purposes, which tray has a plurality of
closely spaced depressions. Laboratory trays of such construction
are well known in the art and are often used by laboratory
technicians. In lieu of such a tray, of course, a series of tubes
may be disposed in conventional test tube rack can be thus
positioned proximate to each other.
Assume by way of example that it is desired for testing purposes
that equal amounts of solution be si disposed in a plurality of
test tubes or in a plurality of the depressions within the
laboratory tray as above-described. Or, assume the the reverse case
wherein the equivalent amounts of different antibiotic solutions
are disposed in the respective test tubes or the respective tray
depressions and that, for test purposed, one wishes to deposit an
equivalent amount of a toxic bacterial solution in each of the test
tubes or tray depressions to determine the relative effectiveness
of these solutions.
By using the above procedure the relative effectiveness of either
the same antibiotic agent, for example, upon different, toxic,
bacterial solutions may be determined by conventional techniques
including litmus papers, preparation of cover slips and so forth.
Correspondingly, the relative effectiveness of a plural number of
equivalent amounts of antibiotic solutions predisposed in test
tubes or in the depressions of the laboratory tray and the
effectiveness thereof upon given bacterial solution may be
predetermined where in the dispenser is used for depositing
equivalent amounts of a given bacterial solution in the individual
test tubes or tray depressions.
The difficulty in the past has been one of conveniently depositing
identical amounts of a given liquid into a plurality of
receptacles. Frequently this is done laboriously by hand by use of
conventional syringe filled repeatedly for successive discharges in
respective ones of the chosen receptacles.
The present invention avoids these above difficulties in a manner
as hereinafter described.
Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to
provide a new and improved dispenser constructed to receive and
discharge simultaneously a series of multiple charges of
liquid.
A further object of the invention is to provide a dispenser device
including plural charge chambers defined at an upper respective end
thereof by deformable diaphragm means.
A further object of the invention is to provide a multiple charge
dispenser incorporating diaphragm means wherein a syringe is usable
in conjunction with an operative fluid, such as a hydraulic liquid,
for alternatively depressing the diaphragm means within the
individual charged chambers prior to charge takeup, then permitting
the diaphragm means to assume its normal position and thereby
reduce the pressure areas within the charged chambers so fluid is
drawn upwardly therein; subsequently, to operate the syringe so
that the operative fluid associated therewith depresses the
diaphragm means so as to discharge liquid from the individual
charge chambers of the device.
In accordance with the present invention the device incorporates a
base having plural charge chambers. These preferably include
mutually spaced bores and, in a preferred form of the invention,
include depending tubular devices communicating with and mounted
within the bores. The individual chambers of the device have an
upper extremity defined by diaphragm means, preferably taking the
form of a unitary diaphragm. Disposed above the diaphragm is fluid
pressure cavity leading to a piston-cylinder combination preferably
taking the form of a syringe. While the device can be operated by
air, preferably a hydraulic fluid is disposed between the plunger
of the syringe and the hollow cavity above the diaphragm.
Depression of the plunger in the syringe forces the diaphragm
downwardly into the individual charge chambers so as to express a
portion of the air outwardly therefrom and permit the ends of the
charge chamber structure to be deposited in a given liquid. Release
of pressure on the syringe either through spring pressure or
drawing the plunger backwardly by hand creates a reduced pressure
area above the diaphragm so as to allow the diaphragm portions to
return upwardly, thereby permitting the charge chamber structures
to draw fluid upwardly. Thereafter, the device is disposed over a
suitable container such as a multiple depression laboratory tray or
even a series of test tubes. Subsequent depression of the plunger
again depresses the diaphragm means over the individual chambers so
as to expel the fluid into the individual depressions of the tray
or the individual test tubes used.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be
novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The
present invention, both as to its organization and manner of
operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof,
may best be understood by reference to the following description,
taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the device incorporating the
features of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a transverse vertical cross section of the device and is
taken along the line 2-2 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section taken along the line 3-3
in FIG. 1 and is shown in reduced scale.
FIGS. 4--6 are similar to FIG. 3, illustrating, as to FIG. 4, that
the plunger of the syringe is depressed so as to deform downwardly
the diaphragm within the several charged chamber cavities
immediately prior to and at the insertion time of the cavity tubes
within a test liquid; as to FIG. 5, the release or withdrawal of
the syringe plunger so that tubes may fill; and, as to FIG. 6, an
expulsion of the liquid previously drawn upwardly into the charge
cavity tubes, this time by a forward depression of the plunger of
the syringe.
In FIG. 1 the device 10 of the present invention is shown to
include a pair of base 11 and 12 having upstanding posts 13--16
which serve as mounts for lower member 17. Lower member 17 includes
plural bores 18 which receive the hollow cylindrical stems 19 of
charge tubes 20. These charge tubes 20 will each include a
depending, hollow, needlelike cylinder 21, hub 22, and the stub
cylinder 19. Shoulder 23 abuts against the lower surface 24, of
member 17.
Intermediate member 25 includes plural, enlarged bores 26 which
communicate with bores 18 and the hollow interiors of stub
cylinders 19 in the manner indicated in FIG. 3. A diaphragm 27 is
fixedly secured between the adjacent surfaces of intermediate
member 25 upper member 28 and in constitution may comprise a thin,
latex rubber or neoprene sheet, by way of example, of the order of
0.010 inches thick.
Upper member 28 includes a milled area 29 forming a cavity
contiguous with the upper surface of diaphragm 27 and also
communicating with a bore 30. Bore 30 receives the forward end of a
flexible hose 31 attached to syringe 32. Syringe 32, of course,
includes the usual cylinder 33 and plunger 34 operating together in
a well-known manner. Screws 34' may be used to secure the upper
member 28 to lower member 17 in a manner indicated as by a threaded
connection. Alternatively, other means can be used; however, the
manner of attachment should be such that the diaphragm is rigidly
clamped or otherwise secured as between the adjacent surfaces of
intermediate member and upper member 28. In a preferred form of the
invention a spring 35 may be employed, if desired, as a returning
device for the plunger 34. While the device may use an air or other
gaseous medium, it is preferably from a point of view of accuracy
that a hydraulic fluid 36 be employed in the manner indicated in
FIG. 6.
FIGS. 3--6 illustrate the operation of the device. Initially, of
course, the plunger 32 will be disposed in the manner shown in FIG.
3. When it is desired to insert the charge chamber tubular
extensions 21 into a given liquid, then the plunger will be
depressed in the manner shown in FIG. 4 and the tubes inserted in
the given liquid as seen in the same FIG. While the tubes are
contained within the test fluid 37 the pressure on the plunger is
released in the manner illustrated in FIG. 5 such that fluid flows
upwardly into these needlelike cylinders 21. Subsequently, the
device is lifted upwardly and moved to a position at which a
laboratory tray 37, having individual container like depressions
38, is disposed. It has heretofore been explained that these
individual depressions may contain solutions of individual
character, whether bacterial or antibacterial, by way of example.
At this point the plunger is advanced forwardly in a manner shown
in FIG. 6 so as to expel the individual charges of liquid out of
the needlelike cylinders 21 of charge chambers C of the device.
Accordingly, amounts of liquid will be deposited in each of the
container depressions 38 of laboratory tray 37.
It is noted that the device may be calibrated as indicated at B in
FIG. 1 so that a given plunger depression of, say, 5 centimeters
will produce a 1 centimeter depression of each of the membrane
portions P of members 27. Thus, there will be rendered possible a 1
centimeter filling of each charge chamber C. This characteristic of
the invention is feasible with a high degree of accuracy, and
especially where a noncompressible hydraulic fluid as at 36 is
utilized in the invention. The fluid, of course, will be of such an
amount that when the plunger is at zero position the diaphragm
portions above the individual chambers or bores 26 are
nondepressed. This is made possible due to the surface tension of
the membrane.
What is achieved, therefore, is an a new and improved device for
dispensing simultaneously, multiple charges of liquid into a
laboratory tray, a series of test tubes, or other series of
chambers. This can be accomplished very accurately where a syringe
32 of the device is calibrated as indicated, and especially where a
hydraulic medium such as a noncompressible hydraulic oil liquid is
disposed within the tube 31 and cavity 29. The diaphragm is
effective to isolate the charge cavities C from the hydraulic line
and, in addition, to provide for a desired displacement of portions
of the membrane above the various charged chambers to accomplish
intake and discharge in the manner above-described.
If desired, member 17 with dispenser charge tubes 20 may comprise a
replacable, unitary, molded plastic part which is disposable after
use with a given liquid that may be toxic.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been
shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art
that changes and modifications may be made without departing from
this invention in its broader aspects.
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