U.S. patent number 3,571,605 [Application Number 04/852,815] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-23 for intervalometer for an illumination system.
Invention is credited to Michael J. Capparelli, Jr., James J. Dobson, Dennis H. Majkowski, John R. Miller.
United States Patent |
3,571,605 |
Dobson , et al. |
March 23, 1971 |
INTERVALOMETER FOR AN ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
Abstract
An electrical intervalometer for a battlefield illumination
system wherein an electronic impulse fires a flare and also
controls the time interval for the firing of subsequent flares with
the further ability of interrupting the firing sequence and then
resuming firing at the aforementioned time intervals.
Inventors: |
Dobson; James J. (Rome, NY),
Capparelli, Jr.; Michael J. (Rome, NY), Miller; John R.
(Rome, NY), Majkowski; Dennis H. (Griffiss AFB, NY) |
Assignee: |
|
Family
ID: |
25314286 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/852,815 |
Filed: |
August 25, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
307/41; 102/215;
102/217; 361/249 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42D
1/055 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42D
1/055 (20060101); F42D 1/00 (20060101); H02j
003/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;317/80,148.5 (B)/
;323/22 (SCR)/ ;89/1.814,1.812 ;181/1 (c)/ ;181/.5 (XC)/
;307/133,41 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miller; J. D.
Assistant Examiner: Weldon; Ulysses
Claims
We claim:
1. An electronic intervalometer for an illumination system
comprising an initial pulse generator providing a single initiating
pulse output upon receiving actuating power, an interval clock
providing a pulse output at preselected time intervals also after
receiving actuating power, a one-shot multivibrator receiving said
pulse outputs from said initial pulse generator and interval clock,
said one-shot multivibrator providing a pulse output for each pulse
input, a shift register having an input connected to the output of
said one-shot multivibrator, and further having a multiplicity of
outputs, each of said shift register outputs providing a firing
pulse in sequence in accordance with the receipt of an input pulse,
a multiplicity of flare firing circuits, each having an input
corresponding to an associated output from said shift register, a
first power source, a first switch, connected to said first power
source and upon closing thereof operating to supply actuating power
to said one-shot multivibrator, and said shift register, a silicon
controlled switch acting as a blocking diode until triggered then
acting as a holding relay, a second switch, normally closed,
interconnecting said silicon switch with said first power source by
way of said first switch, and a third switch, normally open,
shorting said silicon controlled switch to ground upon closing
thereof and thereupon operating to actuate said silicon switch to
provide power to said initial pulse generator and said interval
clock.
2. An electronic intervalometer as described in claim 1 further
including a second power source, and a fourth switch, said fourth
switch upon closing thereof supplying power to said flare firing
circuits.
3. An electronic intervalometer as described in claim 2 further
including means to delay the output pulse from said one-shot
multivibrator to said shift register to hold the output of said
one-shot multivibrator to prevent triggering said shift register
during turn-on time of said power.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to intervalometers, and more particularly to
an intervalometer for a battlefield illumination system.
There has been in the past limitations relating to base perimeter
defenses. In one version of an illumination system there were
utilized powder initiators for starting the sequence of flares and
powder fusing for timing. The system had to be started manually and
the interrupt ability was limited. It was necessary to have an
operator near the flare package, which emitted a flash and an
explosion when a flare was launched. This could pinpoint its
location in the dark and could possibly draw hostile fire. There
was also a remote danger of an explosion if a malfunction occurred
and all of the propellants ignited at once. Also, in the prior art,
there are systems which perform a similar function. However, these
systems utilize electromechanical devices and powder trains. The
present invention is an all-electronic system making it possible to
be keyed in electronically with any variety of security devices or
area defense systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an electronic intervalometer for a
battlefield illumination system. In particular, the system provides
an electrical impulse to fire a flare and also controls the time
intervals for the firing of subsequent flares. The essential
components of the system are an intrusion switch latch, an interval
clock, a pulse generator, a one-shot multivibrator, a delay circuit
and a shift register. In operation, when the intrusion switch latch
is triggered, an initial flare is fired; thereafter, flares will be
fired automatically at predetermined intervals until the supply of
flares is exhausted or the sequence is interrupted.
The illumination system is a flare package which was designed for
use with base perimeter defense systems and can be interfaced with
those systems. It can also be used without intrusion detection
systems; for example, by a sentry in an outpost. When connected to
intrusion equipment it can be left unattended. The firing sequence
can be manually interrupted in case of a false alarm confirmed,
saving the remaining flares. It can also be fired manually, in case
the operator suspects an intrusion without an alarm given. The
apparatus is completely self-contained.
An object of the present invention is to provide an intervalometer
for an illumination system wherein an electrical impulse fires a
flare and also controls the time interval for firing subsequent
flares.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an
intervalometer for an illumination system in which the firing
sequence for flares can be manually interrupted.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
intervalometer for an illumination system which permits initiation
and sequencing for a ground-based ordnance dispenser.
The various features of novelty which characterize this invention
are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and
forming part of this specification. For a better understanding of
the invention, however, its advantages and specific objects
obtained with its use, reference should be had to the accompanying
drawings and description matter in which is illustrated a preferred
embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the flare firing
intervalometer system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a diagram in block form of the shift register of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the components of FIG. 1
excluding the shift register and firing circuits; and
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of one of the twelve firing
circuits.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Now referring in detail to FIG. 1, there is shown logic power
switch 50. Upon closing switch 50, power from power source 51 is
supplied to one-shot multivibrator 52, one-shot multivibrator delay
53, and shift register 54. The purpose of one-shot multivibrator
delay 53 is to hold the output of one-shot multivibrator 52 to
prevent it from triggering shift register 54 during the supply
voltage (power) turn-on time.
The second step is to close firing circuit power switch 55. This
supplies power from power source 56 to 12 firing circuits
represented by block 57. Switch 50 is closed before switch 55 to
prevent the firing circuits from being triggered by a transient
output from shift register 54 which could occur during supply
voltage (power) turn-on. Sequence interrupt switch 58 is a normally
closed switch, and local firing switch 59 is normally open. Switch
58 and switch 59 are held in their normal positions by switch
covers.
With switches 50 and 55 closed, power is supplied to one-shot
multivibrator 52, one-shot multivibrator delay 53, shift register
54, and firing circuits 57. The system is in a standby mode at this
point. Intrusion switch latch 60, which is a silicon controlled
switch (SCS), PNPN device, acts as a blocking diode until it is
triggered, then it acts as a holding relay. When intrusion switch
terminals 59a and 59b are shorted either by a remote device
connected across to terminals 59c and 59d or by closing local
firing switch 59, silicon controlled switch turns on. Power is then
supplied to initial pulse generator 61 and interval clock 62.
Initial pulse generator 61 triggers one-shot multivibrator 52 which
triggers shift register 54 to its first output. The output number
one of shift register 54 goes from 0 to -9 volts which triggers
firing circuit number one which is contained in block 57. Block 57
includes 12 separate firing circuits, each receives a separate
input from shift register 54. The first squib in the flare package
is ignited by the number one firing circuit. The silicon controlled
switch also provides power to interval clock 62. Thirty seconds
after one-shot multivibrator 52 is triggered by initial pulse
generator 61, one-shot multivibrator 52 is triggered by interval
clock 62. One-shot multivibrator 52 then triggers shift register 54
to its second output, which triggers the second firing circuit in
block 57 and fires the second squib. This process will continue
until 12 flares have been fired. Shift register 54 will continue to
cycle and the intervalometer should be turned off after the 12
flares have been fired.
If it is necessary to interrupt the sequence at any time, the
firing can be stopped by momentarily opening switch 58. This
commutates the silicon controlled switch and cuts off power to
interval clock 62 and initial pulse generator 61. When switch 58 is
closed again, the silicon controlled switch will remain turned off
until switch 59 is closed again, or terminals 59c and 59d are
shorted. The memory is held by shift register 54 as long as switch
50 remains closed.
If, after having been interrupted, the intrusion switch is shorted,
or switch 59 is closed, the silicon controlled switch will turn on,
causing a flare to be fired immediately by the same sequence as
previously explained. The flares will continue to fire at 30-second
intervals until the flares are exhausted, or the sequence is
interrupted.
Now referring to FIG. 2, which is a block diagram of shift register
54 of FIG. 1, it is comprised of 12-bit shift register 70 and two
gated buffers 71 and 72. Shift register 70 is a General Instrument
Serial-In Parallel-Out MEM 3012SP. The buffers are General
Instrument 6 channel multiplexers, type MEM 2009.
Supply voltage for shift register 70 enters pin N. Supply voltages
for buffers 71 and 72 enter pin C and ground is pin X.
When the system is first turned on, that is, when switch 50 of FIG.
1 has been closed and the alarm has not been tripped, the readings
are:
Pin C- 24 volts (approx)
Buffers pins 9 to 14, and shift register pin 8a- 23 volts
(approx).
If the potential at pin 8a of the shift register is 0 to -2 volts,
no data input will result. If the potential exceeds -2 volts, in
the negative direction, a data input will result. For the shift
register to begin operating a data input voltage must be present at
the time a clock pulse is applied at lead 10a of the shift
register.
The outputs of the shift register are at zero potential at the
beginning of the operation. When the first clock pulse occurs, the
shift register takes the data input and shifts it to the first
output, pin 7a of the shift register, pin 1b of the output. The
reading of the output is approximately -8 volts. The gated buffer
takes this output and lowers the potential at pins 14 to 9 of the
buffers and pin 8a of the shift register to less than -2 volts.
This is the purpose of the gated buffer, that is, to keep one bit
at a time in the shift register.
Occasionally, some gates in the buffer differ in drain-to-source
resistance (R.sub.D-S ) and allow the potential at pin 8a of the
shift register to exceed -2 volts. This allows another bit to enter
the shift register and follow the first bit. The second bit will
not interfere with the operation of the intervalometer, since the
first bit is the one that will fire the flares.
After the first clock pulse, the voltage readings are ##SPC1##
After the second clock pulse, the leading bit moves along and is
read at 2b through 12b according to the clock pulse.
Now referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a schematic diagram and the
interconnections of the components of FIG. 1 with the exception of
firing circuits 57 and shift register 54. The schematic of interval
clock 62 is shown as 62a, of initial pulse generator 61 as 61a,
intrusion switch latch 60 as 60a, of one-shot multivibrator 52 as
52a, and of one-shot multivibrator delay 53 as 53a. R.sub.4 shown
in schematic 62 a is a variable resistor. The nominal 30-second
interval can be adjusted by means of R.sub.4 over an adjustment
range of .+-. 6 seconds.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown the schematic of one of the 12
identical firing circuits included in block 57. The shift register
output triggers the circuit through point B. The trigger at the
anode gate of silicon controlled switch Qa, a 3N81, turns on the
silicon controlled switch. The step waveform is current limited by
resistor R.sub.c and differentiated by capacitor C.sub.b. The
differentiated pulse turns transistor Q.sub.b, a 2N4305, , on, and
the transistor conducts and produces a waveform which has a period
of approximately 20 milliseconds. The pulse travels through
limiting resistor R.sub.e out through point E, through a cable to
the squib and returns through a common line to point D. It is noted
that any conventional pulse controlled firing circuit with the
proper current capacity may be utilized.
The system of the present invention will fire a flare every 30
seconds after the first immediately fired flare, for a total of 12
flares. The sequence can be interrupted at any time by operating a
switch. After the sequence has been interrupted, the system will
fire a flare immediately when started again, and also to resume
firing at 30-second intervals. This interrupt and restart ability
is immediate, even if the 30-second cycle has not passed since the
previous flare was fired.
* * * * *