U.S. patent number 3,570,472 [Application Number 04/753,120] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-16 for atomizer type humidifiers for use in heating plants such as furnaces and the like.
Invention is credited to James Santangelo.
United States Patent |
3,570,472 |
Santangelo |
March 16, 1971 |
ATOMIZER TYPE HUMIDIFIERS FOR USE IN HEATING PLANTS SUCH AS
FURNACES AND THE LIKE
Abstract
Dispersing means for improving the mixture of water droplets
emanating from atomizer-type humidifiers with the hot air conducted
from a heating plant is disclosed. The dispersing means is of a
configuration e.g. is a constricted tube, so as to cause turbulence
in the hot air stream flowing through the dispersing means and it
is into this turbulence that the atomized water droplets are
projected. The resulting improved mixture deters "liming" and
dripping in the system.
Inventors: |
Santangelo; James (Passaic,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
25029245 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/753,120 |
Filed: |
August 16, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
126/113; 261/116;
261/DIG.15; 261/DIG.54 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
6/12 (20130101); Y10S 261/54 (20130101); Y10S
261/15 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
6/12 (20060101); F24f 003/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;126/113
;261/(V.S.),116 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Claims
I claim:
1. A humidifier for a furnace having a duct defined by walls and
through which hot air is conducted generally upwardly comprising,
in combination:
a water supply conduit extending into the duct and having an
interior end portion within and spaced from the walls of the
duct;
an atomizer connected to said end portion of said conduit and
spaced from the walls of the duct, said atomizer including means to
direct water mist generally upwardly into the air flowing through
the duct;
water mist dispersing means carried by said conduit to create a
region of turbulence immediately above said atomizer, said
dispersing means comprising:
converging nozzle means having a downwardly facing inlet of a
transverse dimension greater than an upwardly facing outlet, said
nozzle means having a maximum transverse dimension substantially
smaller than the transverse dimension of said duct, whereby only a
portion of the air flowing through said duct flows through said
nozzle means, and
said nozzle means being located wholly outside the path of travel
of water mist from said atomizer, whereby impingement of mist on
the nozzle means and dripping of water from the nozzle means is
avoided; and
air flowing through said duct outside said nozzle mixing with the
air flowing through said nozzle and with said water mist in said
region of turbulence, whereby thorough humidifying of the air is
obtained without impingement of mist on said duct walls, and
correspondingly without water dripping or accumulating in said
duct.
2. A humidifier according to claim 1 wherein said converging nozzle
is of frustoconical configuration.
3. A humidifier according to claim 1 wherein said atomizer has at
least one orifice communicating with said conduit; and which
further includes means to deliver mineral free water to said
atomizer, whereby the formation of mineral deposits in said orifice
is prevented.
4. A humidifier according to claim 4 wherein said means to deliver
mineral free water to said atomizer includes an ion exchange unit
connected to said conduit and disposed outside said duct.
5. A humidifier according to claim 1 wherein said atomizer directs
water mist upwardly in a generally conical pattern; and air flowing
through said nozzle means impinges on said mist pattern at an angle
in the range of 30.degree. to 150.degree..
6. A humidifier according to claim 5 wherein said air flowing
through said nozzle means impinges on said mist pattern at an angle
of 90.degree..
Description
This invention relates to atomizer-type humidifiers for use in
heating plants such as furnaces and the like for humidifying the
hot air conducted from the heating plant for circulation in the
rooms of a building such as a home or the like.
More particularly, this invention relates to a humidifier spray
unit for attachment to the warm air riser of a warm air furnace,
for purposes of introducing adequate humidity to the warm air prior
to its discharge into living space, or the like.
Heretofore, many designs have been made of humidifying devices of
various kinds for warm air space heaters, including the well-known
type employing flash pans onto which water was gradually fed for
evaporation at various rates, as well as other types having
spray-diffusing nozzles therein. However, it is not uncommon that
various difficulties have been found with these previously designed
types of humidifiers, including malfunctions of the water control
valves, discharges, such as dripping from the spray nozzles being
excessive and accumulating in the bottom of the furnace,
condensation due to improper droplet size and atomization, the
rusting and other types of deterioration of certain of the elements
of the humidifiers unit, and many other types of malfunctions.
Furthermore, most humidifier installations do not provide a
sufficient rate of evaporation to raise the humidity to the desired
level within the space being heated. Even in humidifier
installations which are initially capable of providing sufficient
humidity, the efficiency of evaporation is soon impaired by
"liming" which is the result of evaporation of water on the spray
nozzles, evaporating surfaces, etc., depositing the minerals
present in the water on the surfaces with the detrimental
impairment resulting.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a
humidifier which substantially eliminates discharges, such as
dripping, which accumulate and cause liming and rusting and
obviates the need for drip pans, drainage lines, etc.
Another primary object of the present invention is to provide a
humidifier which reduces "liming" on the spray nozzle, evaporating
surfaces, etc., to a minimum.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a humidifier
of high capacity in a small size.
Another object of this invention, is to provide a humidifier of the
construction hereinafter more fully set forth, which is an integral
unit for installation by one other than a skilled mechanic, in a
heating plant, such as a furnace.
A still further object of the invention is the provision of an
atomizer-type humidifier unit which may be manufactured relatively
inexpensively, and yet is foolproof in action, long lasting, easy
to install, and obviates many, if not all, of the shortcomings of
the presently used humidifiers.
Other objects will appear hereinafter.
The invention consists in the novel combination and arrangement of
parts to be hereinafter described and claimed.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the
accompanying drawings showing the preferred form of construction,
and in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical part-sectional detail view of the invention
showing the same installed in a heating plant;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary-sectional detail view taken substantially
on line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary part-sectional detail view of an embodiment
of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a geometric representation of the angle of impingement of
air flow onto the sprayed mist in accordance with the present
invention.
The heating plant with which the invention is intended to be
associated may be the conventional hot air heater utilized for
heating a home or the like. It is intended that the improved
humidifier have the atomizer portion thereof located within the
heating plant in the path of the outgoing heated air, thus to
humidify the air through evaporation.
In the drawings which show the preferred form of construction of
the invention, a wall 10 of such a heating plant is illustrated in
FIG. 1. This wall has formed therein an opening 12 which may be
closed by a plate (not shown) when the apparatus of this invention
is not in place. Abutting the wall 10 is the face plate 14 of a
cover box 16. The face plate 14 and the cover box 16 are secured to
the furnace wall 10 by means of threaded studs 18 or other securing
means. The cover box 16 provides an enclosure for an electrical
solenoid water-supply control 20 of any conventional type for
controlling the flow of water through a conduit 22. Any suitable
control may be used for the intended purpose.
The water is supplied to the conduit 22 by a supply pipe 24 which
is connected to a water source 26. The conduit 22 extends into the
heating plant and at its interior end portion has an upturned end
28 which is connected in any suitable manner to a tube 30. These
components, as well as all other water contacting components, are
preferably fabricated from a nonrusting metal, although other
suitable materials, e.g. plastic, is contemplated.
Supported by the tube 30 is an atomizer head 32 including a
threaded stud 34 which is threaded onto the upper end portion of
the tube 30. The atomizer head includes a suitable spray nozzle or
tip 36 which as a restricted orifice 38 for producing a spray of
water. The nozzle 36 effects projection of the spray of fine
particles of water in the form of a mist.
In accordance with present invention, the mist is projected into
tubular means 40 which serves to thoroughly disperse the mist into
the flow of heated air in the hot air duct 42. In order to
accomplish this said tubular 40 means is provided with a
constriction 44 which causes a zone of turbulent air and mist. In
the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tubular dispersing means
40 comprises a substantially cylindrical conduit 46 having a
constriction in diameter 44 about midway its transverse axis. The
larger diameter of the dispersing means i.e. the diameter of either
terminal end 48 is generally from about 6 to 12 inches, depending
on the size of the furnace duct. The smaller diameter i.e. the
constriction diameter, is generally from about one-fifth to
three-fourths the larger diameter. The ratio of larger to smaller
diameter is easily ascertainable with reasonable experimentation,
but it is critical that the configuration be such as to insure
tubular dispersing means is generally between 2 and 20 inches
measured along its longitudinal axis. It is to be understood that
the dimensions of the dispersing means is dependent upon the size
of the furnace utilized, flow of hot air, etc. In general, however,
the ratio of the dimension of the longitudinal axis to the larger
(initial and terminal) diameter will be, (assuming the length of
the longitudinal axis to be unity) about 1:25 to 1:5; preferable
1:1 to 1:3.
In another embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the dispersing means 50 can
be frustoconical in configuration. In this embodiment, the larger
diameter 52 is also from about 6 to 12 inches, the smaller diameter
54 (constriction) is from about one-fifth to three-fourths the
larger diameter and the length (longitudinal axis) is about 2 to 10
inches. Again, the size is predicated on equipment size throughput,
etc.
Generally, the mist is introduced from nozzle or tip 36 at a point
from about 3 inches below the constriction to about 3 inches above
said constriction. The nozzle must be placed in relation to said
constriction so as to cause impingement of the mist or spray on the
stream of air flowing through the dispersing means becomes
streamlined. This relationship is translated into the geometric
representation of FIG. 4. In this FIG. a spray or mist of water 70
is shown emanating from orifice 72. Arrows 74 represent the flow of
air through dispersing means 76. Angle .alpha. represents the angle
of impingement of air flow 74 on spray 70. The preferred embodiment
is illustrated therein, that is where the angle is 90.degree. or
thereabout. It is found that the angle of impingement .alpha. can
range from about 30.degree. to about 150.degree. with, as
mentioned, 90.degree. being preferred.
While the dispersing means of the invention has been described as
being generally tubular in configuration, it should be understood
that the configuration need not be so limited. Thus, a variety of
cross sections may be employed other than circular, e.g. a square,
rectangular, oval, etc., cross section may be employed.
In order to complete the invention, there is provided a switch 60
which is carried by a wall of the cover box 18 and has connection
with circuit wires 62 which control the energization of the
solenoid 20. The circuit wires 62 are intended to be connected in
circuit with a humidistat located in the building or for
compactness on the cover box. Such humidistat is not shown as it
constitutes no part of the present invention.
The solenoid 20 can also be connected by the circuit wires 62 to a
blower which is an integral part of the heating unit, so as to
humidify the warm or heated air as it is forced through the duct
thereof.
The advantages of locating the atomizer within the dispersing means
40 reside in the fact that the shape of said dispersing means
causes turbulence with consequent intimate mixing of mist and
heated air and with reduction of the formation of liquid droplets.
This mixture will be carried with the flow in the duct and,
consequently, avoid dripping, prevent formation of mineral
deposits, i.e. "liming," etc. and, in addition, enhance the
evaporation rate. Another advantage accruing from the present
invention is that the dispersing means collects and promotes the
flow of air regardless of furnace design. Thus, the apparatus of
this invention eliminates dead air spaces which may exist over the
heating bank of the furnace.
In accordance with the invention, an ion exchange unit 66 can also
be incorporated to further reduce the formation of mineral deposits
or "liming." The ion exchange unit removes the insoluble calcium
and other salts from the water so as to prevent blockage of the
water spray orifice. This blockage would otherwise change the water
spray pattern which would then lead to water dripping due to poor
mixing of the mist and hot air. Ultimately pressure would buildup,
causing a reduction in the water flow rate and eventual malfunction
of the unit.
Said ion exchange unit is incorporated into the water supply
conduit at any place prior to the atomizer.
Thus the ion exchange cells are incorporated as an integral part of
the humidifier. Any ion exchange resin which is capable of
exchanging the insoluble calcium or other ions in the water with
the water soluble ion sodium, or its equivalent is satisfactory.
Complete deionization may also be accomplished if desired, with
appropriate mixed bed resins removing both anions and cations. The
resin used for the operation of these ion exchange cells remove
calcium and other insoluble salts. The ion exchange cells desirably
have a capacity for operating one year, at which time they are
regenerated with sodium chloride and water.
The two ion exchange cells were employed, each 3 inches in diameter
and 12 inches in length. Of course the size of the unit can be
increased or decreased, depending on local conditions of water
hardness, etc.
From the foregoing description, it is clear that there is provided
a simple atomizer-type humidifier of economical manufacture which
may be quickly and easily installed in the heating plant and which
will be effective for its intended purpose. When the unit is sold,
it is sold as an integral unit and installed in the heating plant
as such. The component parts are made of such material as will best
serve the purpose.
While the preferred form of construction for carrying the invention
into effect has been illustrated and described, this is capable of
variation and modification without departing from the spirit of the
invention. It is not wished, therefore, to be limited to the
precise details of construction set forth, but to be availed of
such variations and modifications as come within the scope of the
appended claims.
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