U.S. patent number 3,569,937 [Application Number 04/773,802] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-09 for tone signal communications apparatus.
Invention is credited to Merrill Heatter.
United States Patent |
3,569,937 |
Heatter |
March 9, 1971 |
TONE SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS APPARATUS
Abstract
The present invention provides the means by which one or more
signals can be employed to operate one or more load devices.
Embodiments of the invention have widespread application, but are
particularly useful in the broadcast field where these tone signals
can be generated in the broadcast studio and then, via radio or
television, received in the home where they can be made to operate
apparatus that will display to the home listener or viewer the
information represented by these tone signals. In this way, the
home listener or viewer is directly involved and made a participant
of the program being broadcast.
Inventors: |
Heatter; Merrill (Sherman Oaks,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
25099349 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/773,802 |
Filed: |
November 6, 1968 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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517408 |
Dec 29, 1965 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
340/13.28;
370/297; 725/138; 725/139; 725/136 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04H
20/31 (20130101); G08C 19/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04H
1/00 (20060101); G08C 19/12 (20060101); H04b
007/00 (); H04q 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/171 ;178/5.8
;343/225 ;340/224,332 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Yusko; Donald J.
Parent Case Text
This application for patent is a continuation-in-part of the
earlier application filed Dec. 29, 1965, and having Ser. No.
517,408. Accordingly, said prior application is abandoned with the
filing herewith of this continuation-in-part.
Claims
I claim:
1. A system of communications comprising: first means at a first
location for generating a carrier signal that is modulated by
selected ones of a number of discrete tone signals representing a
corresponding number of discrete bits of information; second means
at a second location that is spaced from said first location, said
second means including a receiver for demodulating said carrier
signal to audibly reproduce said selected tone signals, and tone
discriminating means spaced from said receiver and yet close enough
to it to receive said reproduced audible tone signals, said tone
discriminating means having output terminals equal in number to the
number of discrete tone signals, one output terminal for each such
tone signal, and being operable in response to said audible tone
signals to produce electrical signals at the output terminals
corresponding thereto, said tone discriminating means including a
vibrating reed relay having as many reeds as discrete tone signals,
said reeds being electrically conductive and respectively designed
to vibrate in response to the audible tone signals, said tone
discriminating means further including sound pickup means for
applying the audible tone signals to said reeds, said reeds
respectively vibrating to make contact with said output terminals
in response to the application of the tone signals thereto, and
output circuits equal in number to said output terminals and
respectively connected thereto, each output circuit including a
load element, said output circuits respectively being operable in
response to electrical signals applied to said output terminals to
respectively operate the load elements therein; and third means for
transmitting said modulated carrier signals from said first to said
second locations.
2. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said first location is a
broadcast studio and said first means includes a tone-control
device manually operable for selectively generating successive
groups of discrete tone signals, the tone signals in each group
occurring simultaneously and for the same period of time.
3. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said first means includes
a member on which said tone signals have been recorded in a
predetermined sequence, and apparatus for reproducing the tone
signals recorded on said member in the sequence recorded.
4. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said tone discriminating
means includes a vibrating reed relay having as many reeds as
discrete tone signals that can be generated, said reeds being
electrically conductive and respectively designed to vibrate in
response to the discrete tone signals reproduced, said reeds being
operable when they are vibrating to make contact with said output
terminals.
5. The system defined in claim 2 wherein said third means includes
a transmitter wherein a carrier wave is generated, said transmitter
being connected to said tone-control device and having a network
therein for modulating said carrier wave with the tone signals
generated; a transmitter antenna coupled to said transmitter for
transmitting said modulated carrier wave through space; a receiver
antenna at said second location for receiving said modulated
carrier wave; and a receiver for demodulating said modulated
carrier wave to produce the generated tone signals, said receiver
being coupled to said receiver antenna.
Description
The present invention relates in general to systems of
communication and more particularly relates to such a system in
which communications are accomplished by means of tone signals in
the audible range.
Although the present invention has application to a wide variety of
fields, such as sports, games, radio and television broadcasting,
education, etc., for sake of clarity and expediency, the invention
will be described and illustrated herein in connection with only
one of these fields. Thus, in the field of television or radio
broadcasting, for example, there are certain programs where
audience participation, particularly home audience participation,
is desirable because it provides a much higher degree of rewarding
and satisfying entertainment to the general public. However,
although attempts have been made in the past to involve the home
audience, such as by flashing or whispering information to the home
viewer or listener that is not yet known by the program
participants, home audience participation and involvement has
nevertheless been very limited, primarily because those in the home
audience could not themselves take active steps that would involve
them in the program being broadcast, that is to say, they were
forced to be passive by the very nature of things. Equally
important is the fact that participation was limited to and
dependent upon the memory of the viewer or listener. In this latter
instance, participation in any program could obviously be only as
good as the participant's memory or powers of retention.
The present invention significantly and materially overcomes the
limitations mentioned by providing a tone discriminating and
information display apparatus that makes direct involvement and
participation of the home audience with the studio program entirely
possible. The umbilical cord that binds the home audience to the
broadcasting studio are certain tone signals that are generated at
the studio and received in the home, the apparatus of the present
invention responding to one or more of these tone signals to
annunciate in some manner, such as by light or buzzer, the
information represented by these signals. A tone discriminating and
information display apparatus according to the present invention is
compact, of simple construction and inexpensive, thereby making a
system of communications between the broadcast studio and the home
entirely practical. Of equal importance is the fact that the medium
of communications is sound, in the form of discrete tone signals, a
medium that is currently being used and, therefore, one that poses
no problems.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a
system of communicating by tone signals between distant points.
It is another object of the present invention to provide in the
broadcasting art an audience participation system based on the use
of tone signals as a communicating medium.
It is an additional object of the present invention to provide an
apparatus by means of which information in the form of tone signals
can be received for annunication.
It is further object of the present invention to provide apparatus
by means of which certain types of loads and load circuits can be
operated in response to tone signals.
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the
invention, both as to its organization and method of operation,
together with further objects and advantages thereof, will be
better understood from the following description considered in
connection with the accompanying drawing in which an embodiment of
the invention is illustrated by way of example. It is to be
expressly understood, however, that the drawing is for the purpose
of illustration and description only and is not intended as a
definition of the limits of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a basically a block diagram of a tone transmission and
receiving system as it may be adapted and designed for audience
participation purposes in the broadcasting art; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit of a preferred embodiment of a tone
discrimination and information display apparatus that may be used
in the FIG. 1 system.
Referring now to the drawing for a detailed understanding of the
invention, the FIG. 1 system is shown to basically include a
broadcasting studio 10 having the usual TV cameras 11 in suitable
locations for televising the participants 12 engaged in a program
of some type, such as a quiz program, with a moderator 13 having
access to a tone-control device 14 that is so manipulated by the
moderator as to selectively generate different tone signals that
are within the audible range, each being indicative of a certain
type of information, such as "Yes," "No," " True," "False,"
multiple choice numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The televised images as
well as any tone signals that may have been produced are fed to a
transmitter 15 wherein they modulate a carrier signal or wave
generated within the transmitter for transmission via antenna 16.
The tone signals may be generated and, therefore, transmitted
individually or in pairs or in any combination that will represent
given pieces or bits of information that have to be utilized in a
given manner.
Camera 11, transmitter 15, and antenna 16 are certainly standard
pieces of equipment and all are well known in the art. Accordingly,
no further description of them appears to be necessary. The same
thing may be said of tone-control device 14 which is nothing more
than a plurality of individually controlled and operated
oscillators with each tuned to a different frequency. As is well
known by those skilled in the art, oscillators of the kind involved
in this invention are very commonplace devices and, therefore, no
further showing or description of them is deemed necessary here.
Accordingly, suffice it to say that there are as many different
oscillators as different tone signals used, each, when activated,
producing a signal for a predetermined period of time.
The modulated carrier is intercepted by a home receiver antenna 17
which feeds the signal to a receiver 18 which may be either a radio
or television set. Since a television broadcast has already been
assumed here for illustrative purposes, it will therefore likewise
be assumed that receiver 18 is a television set wherein the
modulated carrier is demodulated to reproduce not only the original
picture and utterances of the program participants, but also the
original tone signals generated in the studio by tone-control
device 14. As they are regenerated, these tone signals are
propagated throughout the surrounding space, with the result that
they are ultimately received by tone discriminating and information
display apparatus 19 which, in response thereto, is activated to
annunciate in some manner, such as by panel lights, the information
intended to be conveyed by these tone signals. Thus, in this way,
the home viewer and/or listener can be brought into direct
involvement with the program being presented, such as a game or
contest of some sort. Of course, two-way communications are
available with the aid of the telephone.
Antenna 17 and receiver 18, whether the latter be a radio or TV
set, are commonplace items and no detailed showing or description
of them is deemed necessary here. With respect to tone
discriminating and information display apparatus 19, however, this
apparatus involves an entirely new combination of elements and,
therefore, to obtain a full understanding of its construction and
operation, reference is now made to FIG. 2 wherein this apparatus
19 is schematically illustrated.
As shown therein, it includes a conventional microphone 20 coupled
to an audio amplifier 21, the amplifier output, in turn, being
connected to a frequency selective vibrating reed relay 22. The
junction between amplifier 21 and relay 22 is designated 23. The
apparatus also includes a voltage source, such as a battery 24, a
resistor 25, and an ON On-Off switch 26, the resistor being
connected between one terminal of the switch and the positive
terminal or anode of the battery, the negative terminal or cathode
of the battery being connected to ground. As shown in the FIG., the
junction between battery 24 and resistor 25 is designated 27 and
this junction is connected directly to junction 23 by means of line
28.
With respect to relay 22, it includes an energizing coil 29 whose
terminals are connected between junction 23 and ground. It also
includes a first set of contact terminals 30a--30d, a second set of
contact terminals 31a--31d, and a set of vibrating reeds 32a--32d,
the reeds respectively being connected at one end to terminals
30a--30d and slightly spaced or separated from terminals 31a--31d
at their other end. The reeds mentioned herein are designed to
vibrate at specific or discrete frequencies only and, therefore, in
electronic parlance, each reed is the mechanical equivalent of a
sharply tuned electronic circuit. In this regard, the reeds are of
different lengths so that they might vibrate at respectively
different frequencies. Reeds such as these vibrate in response to
signals applied to them at the frequencies for which they were
designed to vibrate, and when they vibrate, the amplitude of the
vibrations continues to grow until the free end of the reeds makes
contact with the terminals from which it has been separated. The
whole thing takes only a fraction of a second and it can therefore
be seen that the reeds and their associated contact terminals are
nothing more than a plurality of frequency discriminating switches
that close in response to signals having the frequencies for which
they were respectively designed. Vibrating reed relays of the kind
therefore heretofore described are manufactured by and may be
purchased from the Bramco Controls Division of Ladex Inc., College
and Self Streets, Piqua, Ohio.
Finally, the apparatus includes a plurality of silicon controlled
rectifiers 33a--33d, a plurality of lamps or pilot lights 34a--34d
and a corresponding plurality of switches 35a--35d, the rectifiers
lamps and switches respectively being connected in series to form
four identical circuits, generally designated 36a--36d, that are
connected in parallel between ground and the output terminal of
On-Off switch 26. As may be seen from the FIG., this output
terminal of switch 26 is also connected directly to terminals
30a--30d, terminals 31a--31d, on the other hand, respectively being
connected directly to rectifiers 33a--33d to provide the control
needed in the operation of these rectifiers, as will be seen later.
As may also be seen from the FIG., in each of the series-connected
circuits 36a--36d, the rectifier anode is connected to ground
whereas the cathode thereof is connected through the associated
lamp and switch to switch 26, and it should be mentioned that it is
immaterial whether the cathode connects directly to the lamp or to
the switch, that is to say, it is immaterial whether a lamp is
mounted between the rectifier and the switch or a switch mounted
between the rectifier and the lamp. Insofar as switches 35a--35d
are concerned, they are preferably of the momentary break type
which are customarily spring operated.
Considering now the operation of this tone discriminating and
information display apparatus, it will be assumed that switch 26
has been closed and, therefore, is in its On position. Accordingly,
when a tone signal is transmitted and thereafter reproduced by
receiver 18, as aforesaid, the same tone signal is subsequently
incident upon microphone 20, which, in response thereto, produces
and applies a corresponding electrical oscillation to amplifier 21
which materially increases its power. This electrical oscillation
is applied to relay coil 29 which has already been positively
biased by a small DC current going through it as a result of its
connection to battery 24, the purpose of the bias being to maximize
linearity and thereby minimize distortion of the oscillations when
they are applied to the reeds. By minimizing distortion, the
disturbing effects of harmonies on the reeds are also minimized. In
response to the electrical oscillation applied to it, coil 29
produces an electromagnetic oscillation which, depending upon the
frequency of said oscillation, affects one of the reeds until, in
accordance with the principles previously explained, the relay
switch controlled by that reed is closed. By way of example, if
reed 32a is designed to operate or function at a frequency of 1600
cycles per second, then an incoming tone signal at a frequency of
1600 cycles per second will cause reed 32a to make contact with
terminal 31a. The same results would be obtained with the other
reeds, namely, reeds 32b--32d, when tone signals corresponding to
their natural frequencies of vibration are received.
When a reed makes contact with its terminal as described, the
silicon controlled rectifier to which it is connected is thereby
triggered into operation, with the resultant that the panel light
in the associated series circuit is lighted to annunciate the
information that this light represents. Again by way of example,
when reed 32a closes to make contact with terminal 31a, rectifier
33a, which is normally inoperative, is triggered into operation,
with the result that electrical current is now able to and does
flow from battery 24 through lamp 34a. Consequently, lamp 34a
lights up to provide the home viewer or listener with the
information that lamp 34a represents, namely "True," "False,"
"Yes," "No," 1, 2, 3, or 4, or information of a similar nature.
Needless to say, the operation just described in connection with
reed 32a and series connected circuit 36a is equally valid for the
other reeds and circuits in the FIG., except that they will operate
when tone signals having their particular frequencies are received.
For purposes of emphasis, it should once again be mentioned that
more than one tone signal may be transmitted and received, either
simultaneously or in succession, so that more than one reed and
more than one light may be affected within any interval of time. It
should also be mentioned here that although four reeds 32a--32d and
series connected circuits 36a--36d have been shown and described,
more than or fewer than this number of reeds and circuits may be
used or incorporated in an embodiment of the present invention.
Considering the operation of the FIG. 2 apparatus still further,
the characteristics of a silicon controlled rectifier is such that
once it is triggered into operation and becomes conductive, it
continues to operate or conduct so long as a continuous
uninterrupted current supply is available. Thus, a silicon
controlled rectifier will remain conductive until such time as the
flow of current is interrupted, even momentarily, despite the
absence of the original initiating signal. Accordingly, to turn off
a lamp in any one of circuits 36a--36d, it is only necessary to
render the rectifier in that circuit nonconductive and this can be
done by momentarily opening the switch in the same circuit. Thus,
using the same examples as before, to turn off lamp 34a and thereby
prepare the apparatus for the next step in the game or contest, it
is only necessary to momentarily open switch 35a.
As has already been mentioned, the invention as embodied herein can
be utilized in a variety of ways and not only in the field of
broadcasting. More particularly, other kinds of load devices may be
substituted for the lamps, such as horns, buzzers, chimes or bells.
Similarly, power relays could be substituted for these lamps and
these power relays, in combination with additional circuitry, could
then be used to operate such things as the opening and closing of
doors, the activation and deactivation of appliances, etc., and all
under the control of tone signals. Accordingly, insofar as utility
is concerned, great flexibility is indicated by the present
invention when it is considered that the activating control tones
can be transmitted by most conventional communications media or
supplied in prerecorded form on magnetic tape, phonograph records,
or programmed tone generating sequencing devices.
Although a particular arrangement of the invention has been
illustrated and described above by way of example, it is not
intended that the invention be limited thereto as can be seen from
the wide variety of uses to which it can be put. Accordingly, the
invention should be considered to include any and all
modifications, alternations, or equivalent arrangements falling
within the scope of the of annexed claims.
* * * * *