U.S. patent number 3,569,656 [Application Number 04/844,364] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-09 for automatic cooking cycle control system for microwave ovens.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bowmar Tic, Inc.. Invention is credited to Arthur Parnes, Edward A. White.
United States Patent |
3,569,656 |
White , et al. |
March 9, 1971 |
AUTOMATIC COOKING CYCLE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MICROWAVE OVENS
Abstract
A microwave oven is shown with a pair of antenna elements in the
oven cavity for radiating microwave energy throughout the cavity.
In different embodiments, the cavity is thermally heated via
separate heaters and via the antenna elements. Programming controls
establish predetermined cycles for microwave energy and thermal
heat, and a control network selectively operates the magnetron and
one or both heaters in the sequence determined by the programming
controls. Program input apparatus is illustrated which includes
pushbuttons and a card data reader for selecting different
programs, and sequence control networks with timing and relay
networks are illustrated for automatically cycling the microwave
energy and thermal heating on and off for each program
selected.
Inventors: |
White; Edward A. (Fort Wayne,
IN), Parnes; Arthur (Tarzana, CA) |
Assignee: |
Bowmar Tic, Inc. (Newbury Park,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25292522 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/844,364 |
Filed: |
July 24, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/685; 219/714;
219/719; 219/718 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
6/645 (20130101); H05B 6/725 (20130101); H05B
6/6482 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
6/68 (20060101); H05B 6/80 (20060101); H05b
009/06 (); H05b 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.55 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truhe; J. V.
Assistant Examiner: Bender; L. H.
Claims
We claim:
1. In combination:
an oven;
means for introducing microwave energy into the oven;
means for thermally heating the interior of the oven;
control means coupled to said energy introducing means and said
thermal heating means for controlling the operations thereof;
means for programming said control means to operate so as to cause
said energy introducing means to introduce microwave energy into
the oven for one of a plurality of periods within a predetermined
time cycle, and to cause said thermal heating means to be operated
for one of a plurality of periods within a predetermined time
cycles, said programming means including means for effecting
operation of said control means to cause either or both said energy
introducing means and said thermal heating means to be operated on
and off a plurality of times within a predetermined time cycle;
and
means cooperatively associated with said programming means and
control means for selectively establishing the duration of the time
cycle over which said control means effects operations of said
energy introducing means and said thermal heating means.
2. In combination:
an oven;
means for introducing microwave energy into the oven;
means for thermally heating the interior of the oven;
control means coupled to said energy introducing means and said
thermal heating means for controlling the operations thereof;
and
said control means including selector means selectively settable
for one of a plurality of on and off sequences for said energy
introducing means,
said control means including selector means selectively settable
for one of a plurality of on and off sequences for said thermal
heating means,
means for programming said control means including means to
simultaneously set both selector means to one of a plurality of
combinations of settings thereof and effect automatic on and off
sequences of said energy introducing means and thermal heating
means pursuant to respective settings of the selected combination,
and means cooperatively associated with said programming means and
control means for selectively establishing the duration of the time
cycle over which said control means effects operations of said
energy introducing means and said thermal heating means at the
selected combination of settings.
3. In combination:
an oven;
means for introducing microwave energy into the oven;
means for thermally heating the interior of the oven;
control means coupled to said energy introducing means for
controlling operations thereof, said control means including
selector means selectively settable for one of a plurality of
sequences of operation of said energy introducing means wherein the
level of energy introduced into said oven is varied more than
twice;
means for programming said control means including means to set
said selector means to one of its settings and effect automatic
operations of said energy introducing means to vary levels of
energy introduced into the oven in the sequence corresponding to
the selected setting of said selector means; and
means cooperatively associated with said programming means and
control means for selectively establishing the duration of the time
cycle over which said control means effects energy level changing
operations of said energy introducing means at the selected
setting.
4. The combination of claim 2, wherein said heating means includes
a pair of heater elements spaced to receive an article of food
between them, and wherein said programming means and control means
are cooperative to effect operation of either heater element alone
or both heater elements.
5. The combination of claim 4, wherein said programming means and
control means are cooperative to effect operation of both heater
elements simultaneously or alternately.
6. The combination of claim 2, including means for creating a flow
of cool air into the oven, said programming means and control means
being cooperative to effect operation of said flow-creating means
for a predetermined time after the end of a predetermined
selectively established time cycle.
7. The combination of claim 4, wherein:
said energy-introducing means includes a magnetron;
a waveguide feed extending between said magnetron and said
oven;
a microwave power control network coupled between said control
network and said magnetron; and
said network being adapted to operate said magnetron at different
power levels,
and said programming means and control means being cooperative to
control said network for operating said magnetron at a respective
power level or at each power level within selectively established
time cycles.
8. The combination of claim 7, wherein:
said heater elements have intermediate portions coupled to said
waveguide feed and operate as driven antennas to radiate the
microwave energy throughout the oven;
a current source; and
switching means coupled between said current source and both said
elements, said programming means and control means being
cooperative to operate said switching means to connect either or
both elements to said current source.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to microwave ovens.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art includes microwave ovens which have means to select
different microwave cooking times for different types of foods. One
type of selector is a dial which is calibrated in terms of minutes
and/or seconds. Another is a series of pushbuttons which have
food-type designations, e.g., one pushbutton for pastries, another
for vegetables, and so on. In both types, microwave energy is
continuously injected into the oven cavity for the period of time
that is selected. It is not possible at any setting to provide a
cycle of spaced periods of microwave energy as needed or desired
for various foods.
It was early recognized that in some cases it was desirable to also
be able to thermally cook foodstuffs, and electric heating elements
were installed in microwave ovens to be separately heated for this
purpose. Such elements are also used to thermally cook some
foodstuffs in conjunction with microwave cooking. For example, many
meats which are cooked solely by microwave energy have an
unappetizing appearance, and it is desired to overcome this
objection by heating the elements so as to brown the meat surfaces
to a desired color. A separate dial is provided for controlling the
heating of such elements. It is not possible at any setting to
provide cycles of predetermined microwave and thermal cooking
operations desired for many foods. Due to the considerable
variations in time scales for microwave and thermal cooking, the
typical housewife finds it very difficult to schedule and combine
the different types of cooking operations for satisfactory
results.
Proper scheduling or cycling of microwave cooking and of microwave
and thermal cooking is important for many types of foods in various
conditions. Some foods, e.g., cakes and some meats, should have
their outer surfaces sealed early in the cooking process, as at a
high temperature before initiating microwave cooking, and it may be
desirable to continue thermal heating during and/or after a period
of microwave cooking.
Proper cycling is also important for thawing and cooking frozen
foods, which initially contain ice crystals throughout. In prior
art ovens designed solely for microwave cooking, the controls for a
particular type of frozen food are set for a longer cooking time
than for such food that is already thawed. To convert the ice
crystals to water at 32.degree.32.degree. F. requires as much
thermal energy as is required to raise water from 32.degree. F. to
180.degree.F. Accordingly, since crystals at any given depth of the
food do not melt at the same rate, the unavoidable result of
continuous microwave cooking is that the food at any depth is not
uniformly cooked, e.g., as meat having well done and rare portions
at the same depth.
To avoid the time-consuming technique of allowing frozen food to
thaw at room temperature before cooking, one can subject it to
microwave energy for a short period, allow a rest period for the
heat thus generated to melt all the ice crystals, and then apply
microwave energy as in cooking thawed food. In a microwave oven
which also has electric heating means for conventional thermal
cooking, thawing can be accomplished by selective operation of the
electric heating means for conventional thermal cooking, thawing
can be accomplished by selective operation of the electric heating
means before applying microwave energy. However, microwave ovens as
heretofore known do not permit cycling of microwave energy, or of
microwave energy in conjunction with thermal energy, except by
setting and resetting dials and pushbuttons in accordance with
charts of detailed instructions, or by trial and error.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention embraces a microwave oven with programming and
control means for automatically controlling the sequence and
durations of application of microwave energy and thermal energy to
foodstuffs in the oven.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a combined schematic and block diagram of an oven and a
system of our invention for automatically controlling the
introduction of microwave and/or thermal energy into the oven
cavity;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a microwave oven with pushbutton
controls and time-selector dial included in the program input
apparatus of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a combined schematic and block diagram illustrating
program input apparatus and a sequence control network for the oven
of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4a--4d are graphs illustrating different cycles programmed
into the oven of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of program input apparatus in the form of
a card data reader, and of timing and relay networks programmed to
control the times and sequences of introduction of conventional
heat and microwave energy into an oven; and
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of our system wherein the same elements
are used both to heat and to radiate microwave energy into an
oven.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, an oven cavity 10 is shown in which electric
heater elements 12, 14 are located, such elements being adapted for
connection to a current source 16 via a switching network 18 so
that one or both of the elements can be heated. Also located in the
cavity 10 are antenna elements 20, 22 which are connected to output
probes 24, 26 from a waveguide feed 28. A magnetron 30 is shown
with its input probe positioned to introduce microwave energy into
the feed 28 for driving the antenna elements 20, 22 for radiating
microwave energy throughout the cavity 10.
A microwave power control network 32 is shown coupled to the
magnetron, and may include level control means for selectively
effecting operation of the magnetron at one or the other of two
energy levels, e.g., at full power or half power. A preferred means
for controlling the operating power level of a magnetron is
disclosed in the copending application of Helmut Boehm, entitled
"Transformer Power Supply for Microwave Generators", Ser. No.
810,671, filed Mar. 26, 1969, and includes switching means in a
split primary circuit of the power transformer for connecting one
or a pair of secondary circuits to the anode of the magnetron.
The heater switching network 18 and microwave power control network
32 are operated from a sequence control network 40. The sequence
control network 40 includes suitable timing and relay means to
operate the switching network 18 and control network 34 for
selectively energizing the heater elements 12, 14 and driving the
antenna elements 20, 22 in a predetermined sequence. Operation of
the control network 40 is programmed in accordance with the
operation of program input apparatus 42.
The program input apparatus 42 includes any suitable means for
establishing within the control network 40 desired sequences for
the introduction of conventional heat and microwave energy into the
cavity 10 and for selecting total cycle time. For example, and
referring to FIG. 2, a microwave oven 44 has a number of
pushbuttons 45--49, each designated for a particular cooking
operation, here illustrated as "warm," "bake," "roast," "crisp,"
and "broil." In this example, each pushbutton when depressed sets
up a different cycle within the control network 40 for the
introduction of microwave and/or thermal energy into the oven
cavity for predetermined fractions of the cycle. A rotatable knob
50 is provided as a time selector, with which to select the total
time for any given cycle depending upon the quantity of food placed
in the oven.
FIG. 3 illustrates the sequence control network 40 as including a
timing network 52, relay circuits 54 connected between the timing
network 52 and the heater switching network, and relay circuits 56
connected between the timing network and the microwave power
control network. Each of the pushbuttons 45--49 may, for example,
operate respective timers in network 52 for controlling relay
circuits 54 to operate the heater switching network so as to
connect one or both of the heater elements to the current source,
and for controlling relay circuits 56 to operate the microwave
power control network for establishing operation of the magnetron
at desired power levels. The timers may be motor driven switching
devices operable through respective relay paths to effect the
desired operations, and the time selector 50 may be adapted to vary
the speeds of the timing motors and thereby select cycle duration
for a given type or quantity of food.
FIGS. 4a--4d are graphs which are illustrative of respective
programs which are set up by operation of switch buttons 45--48.
The "warm" cycle illustrated in FIG. 4a is set up by pressing
pushbutton 45, and is one which is suitable for warming cooked
foods and for thawing frozen foods. In this connection, the
sequence of operations set up in the timing network 52 and relay
circuits 54 is one in which the oven temperature is initially
raised to a predetermined level, illustrated as 150.degree. F.,
such temperature being sensed by a suitable sensor in the oven. In
FIG. 1 a thermostat 58 for this purpose is shown connected to the
heater switching network 18 and sequence control network 40. In
FIG. 3, the thermostat may be connected to the timing network 52,
which is suitably adapted, e.g., as through self-holding relay
means, to switch the timing devices into operation when the oven
temperature reaches 150.degree.F. For such initial heating of the
oven, the heater switching network 18 is operated in one example so
that only one of the heaters 12, 14 is connected to the current
source 16.
Upon the temperature of the oven reaching 150.degree. F., the
microwave power control network is operated so that microwave
energy from the magnetron 30 is introduced into the oven for
predetermined periods at spaced intervals. In FIG. 4a, each such
period is shown to be two-tenths of the selected cycle time, and
the intervals between such periods are shown to be two-tenths of
the selected time. In one example, the associated timing devices
and relay circuits operate the microwave power control network so
that the magnetron operates at half power. To prolong magnetron
life, the filament transformer of the magnetron power supply may be
left on, or it may be disconnected during generation of microwave
energy and reconnected during the intervals between such periods,
whereby to insure proper cathode temperature whenever the power
transformer is coupled to the anode.
Also as illustrated in FIG. 4a, thermal energy is introduced into
the oven for predetermined periods at spaced intervals. Here, the
heater switching network is controlled so that the heater is
connected to the current source for respective periods of
one-twentieth of the cycle time, with adjacent periods being spaced
by an interval of one-tenth of the cycle time.
In treating frozen foods by operations of the type illustrated in
FIG. 4a, each type of energy to which frozen food is subjected is
applied for short periods of time spaced by "rest" periods during
which there is opportunity for heat generated within the body of
the food to equalize. By appropriate selection of cycle time, all
ice crystals are melted so that the food is completely thawed at
the end of the cycle.
A conventional alarm 58 is operated at the end of any selected
cycle time to notify the operator that the cycle is terminated. For
warmed foods, the alarm signifies that the food can be removed and
served. For precooked frozen foods, the alarm signifies that the
food has been thawed, in which case the "warm" button can again be
pressed to renew the cycle, at the end of which the alarm signifies
that the food can be removed and served. For uncooked frozen foods,
the alarm signifies that the food is thawed, and is ready to be
cooked, as by pressing the "bake" button to bake a cake, or
pressing the "roast" button or "broil" button to cook meat,
etc.
In connection with FIG. 4a, it should be noted that we are here
employing pulsed thermal energy and pulsed microwave energy. If
desired, of course, a program can be established whereby warming or
thawing can be effected by either form of energy along. For
example, the timing and relay means in different examples
alternately and simultaneously connect both heater elements to the
current source for shorter periods and with greater intervals
between periods, with the cycle time selected so that the desired
warming or thawing is achieved thereby. Or, the microwave power
control network may be controlled so that the magnetron operates at
full power for shorter periods and with greater intervals between
periods to achieve the desired warming or thawing.
Warming or thawing of foods in accomplished quickly with our
invention. For example, by pulsing the heater element or elements
on for 10 -second periods at intervals of 20 seconds, and operating
the magnetron for 5 -second periods at intervals of 25seconds, an
uncooked portion of frozen meat is satisfactorily thawed in 3
minutes. For thawing with thermal energy alone, such operations of
the heater element or elements are preferably at greater intervals,
e.g., 2 minutes, continued for a cycle time of 15 minutes in which
each heater element is energized for a 10 -second period during the
interval that the other is not energized. For thawing with
microwave energy along, the magnetron is operated for longer
periods, e.g., 10 seconds at intervals of 50 seconds, for a cycle
time of 7 minutes.
The "bake" cycle illustrated in FIG. 4b, which is initiated by
presenting pushbutton 46, is one in which thermal energy is
introduced into the oven cavity to raise the oven temperature to a
predetermined level, indicated at a range of
320.degree.--350.degree. F., and to maintain it within such range.
A separate temperature sensor for this purpose is connected to the
sequence control network 40 to initiate the "bake" cycle. For this
cycle, the timing network and associated relay circuits control the
microwave power control network so that the magnetron operates
throughout the last half of the cycle.
For the "roast" cycle (FIG. 4c), the program is one in which the
oven temperature is raised to and maintained at a higher level,
indicated in the range 375.degree.--400.degree. F., and wherein
microwave energy is introduced into the oven during the last
seven-tenths of the cycle. For the "crisp" cycle (FIG. 4b), the
program is again one in which thermal energy is introduced
throughout the cycle, which begins when the oven temperature
reaches a still higher level, indicated in the range
450.degree.--475.degree. F., but wherein microwave energy is
introduced into the oven cavity during the first seven-tenths of
the cycle, i.e., immediately upon the oven temperature reaching the
desired level.
For broiling, only the top heater element 12 is connected to the
current source when pushbutton 49 is pressed. In such case, the
food is placed on a rack immediately below the heater element
12.
Our invention embraces any suitable cooperative program input and
sequencing means for automatically applying microwave and/or
thermal energy to an oven cavity in any desired sequence. For
example, and referring to FIG. 5, the program input apparatus may
include a card data reader 42' which is adapted to supply
information signals or pulses to timing and relay networks 66, 68
that are connected to the current control network and magnetron
power control network. The card data reader 42' may take any of
various forms, depending upon the type of card employed and the
manner in which recording data is recorded on the card. Examples
are magnetic card readers for magnetic cards, electrical or
photoelectrical readers for punched cards, and readers for sensing
embossments on a card that are positioned and dimensioned in
accordance with desired microwave and/or thermal heating periods.
Still further, our invention embraces, the use of any suitable
means for effecting the desired time sequencing, whether
electrical, electromechanical or pneumatic. For electrical time
delay means, our invention extends to the use of integrated
circuits and the use of digital techniques with which to obtain
time interval adjustments.
While the foregoing has been described with reference to a
microwave oven that employs separate means for introducing
microwave and thermal energy into an oven cavity, our invention is
also adapted for utilizing common elements to introduce both types
of energy into the cavity. Referring to FIG. 6, the cavity 10 is
shown to include folded Calrod-type elements 70, 72, the ends of
which are connected to the heater switching network 18, and
intermediate portions of which are connected to the output probes
24, 26 of the waveguide feed 28. These are the types of elements
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,320,396 of Helmut Boehm, entitled
"Electronic Oven," issued May 16, 1967, and which are adapted to
function as traveling wave antennas to radiate microwave energy
throughout the oven when driven via a waveguide feed, and which are
also adapted to be energized from a current source to radiate
thermal energy into the oven. The sequence control network 40
controls the operations of the heater switching network 18 and the
magnetron 30 in the same manner as previously described in the
embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate means for creating airflow in the oven
cavity. A cooling air source 60, which has its motor connected to
the sequence control network 40, is positioned to force cooling air
over the magnetron and into the waveguide feed, and the oven 44
(FIG. 2) has a plurality of openings 62 in its top wall. As taught
in U.S. Pat. 3,440,386 of Helmut Boehm, entitled "Microwave Heating
Apparatus," issued Apr. 22, 1969, such an arrangement is effective
not only to cool the magnetron, but to force vapors to the exterior
of the oven and to prevent moisture and food particles from
entering the waveguide feed.
In our invention we are able to take advantage of such flow of cool
air in the oven to aid in warming and thawing foods, and to prevent
deterioration of uncooked frozen foods after they have thawed. In
warming or thawing as above described, air entering the oven
through the waveguide arms effects rapid cooling of the heater
elements when they are disconnected from the current source.
Accordingly, the termination of each period of heat radiation is
more pronounced, whereby the ensuing rest interval has greater
effect.
In thawing uncooked frozen foods, the cooling airflow may be
continued after the thawing cycle is completed. In such case, the
continued airflow cools the surface portions of the food
sufficiently to prevent deterioration for a reasonable time after
thawing, e.g., 1 hour, during which it is expected the food will be
cooked as desired, e.g., by programming the sequence control
network to bake a cake. For this purpose, we prefer to have
separate programs for warming and thawing, e.g., respective
pushbuttons for a warm cycle and a thaw cycle, or separate cards in
which data for warm and thaw cycles are recorded. In such case, the
warm cycle program is one in which the sequence control network
operates the cooling air source throughout the cycle, and in the
thaw cycle program the control network operates the air source for
a predetermined time, e.g., 1 hour, after the thaw cycle is
completed.
In another application of our invention, the food cooked by
microwave and/or thermal energy is referenced to the temperature of
the food. For this purpose, the temperature sensors described above
may be constituted of probes inserted in the foods to be cooked.
Such a probe is also adapted to function as a control element in
the same manner as an oven thermostat. Such temperature sensors may
be merely detectors, or they may be devices capable of generating
signals which serve as additional data signals for controlling the
starting and stopping of infrared and microwave radiations.
It should also be noted that our invention is applicable to an oven
that is adapted for microwave heating either by radiating antennas
inside the oven or by means for injecting microwave energy into the
oven through openings in a cavity wall. Further, our invention is
suitable for use in ovens which employ any suitable mode stirring
devices.
It should also be noted that power conservation is an important
advantage that is realized with our invention. In cycling microwave
and/or thermal energy, the power expended is but a small fraction
of that required to operate the magnetron continuously or to
energize the heater elements continuously. This is important in
geographical areas and various situations, e.g., mobile units such
as house trailers, aircraft and ships, where there is limited power
available for operating electrical and electronic equipment. In
such circumstances, our invention permits an oven to be operated as
desired with periodically applied microwave energy alone, with
periodically applied thermal energy alone, or with periodic
applications of both forms of energy in such a way that they are
not applied simultaneously.
* * * * *