U.S. patent number 3,567,098 [Application Number 04/604,435] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-02 for fastener driving apparatus operable under pressure conditions greater than line pressure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Bostitch Division of Textron, Inc.. Invention is credited to George A. Maynard.
United States Patent |
3,567,098 |
Maynard |
March 2, 1971 |
FASTENER DRIVING APPARATUS OPERABLE UNDER PRESSURE CONDITIONS
GREATER THAN LINE PRESSURE
Abstract
A fastener driving apparatus in which the fastener driving means
in the form of a piston and piston rod construction is mounted
within a cylinder which is movable from a first position into a
second position by fluid pressure in the reservoir of the
apparatus, while the fastener driving means is maintained in a
fastener receiving position. Movement of the cylinder from the
first position to the second position establishes a negative
pressure beneath the driving piston and/or a pressure equal to
reservoir pressure or greater than reservoir pressure above the
driving piston so that when the fastener driving means is released
it will move from the fastener receiving position into a fastener
driven position under differential pressure conditions which are
greater than reservoir pressure above the piston and atmospheric
pressure below the piston. The apparatus is actuated by a work
contacting member and a trigger member through an interlock means
which effects movement of an actuating valve into an actuating
position in response (1) to the simultaneous movement of the work
contacting and trigger members into their operative positions, (2)
to the movement of the work contacting member into its operative
position when the trigger member is in its operative position or
(3) to the movement of the trigger member into its operative
position when the work contacting member is in its operative
position. The interlock means comprises an elongated interlock
member having a transversely extending slot formed in the central
portion thereof through which a pivot pin carried by the housing is
disposed, one end of the interlock member having a lost motion
connection with the work contacting member and the other end of the
interlock member having a lost motion connection with the trigger,
the interlock member including an actuating valve engaging portion
intermediate the ends thereof.
Inventors: |
Maynard; George A. (East
Greenwich, RI) |
Assignee: |
Bostitch Division of Textron,
Inc. (East Greenwich, RI)
|
Family
ID: |
24419594 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/604,435 |
Filed: |
December 23, 1966 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
227/5; 227/8;
227/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25C
1/041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25C
1/04 (20060101); B25c 005/10 (); B25j 013/02 ();
B25i 005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;227/5,8,130 ;91/417
;92/152 ;173/137 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Morse, Jr.; Wayne A.
Claims
I claim:
1. Fastener driving apparatus comprising means defining a housing,
reservoir means within said housing for receiving and containing
fluid under pressure supplied thereto from a source of fluid under
pressure, drive track means carried by said housing for receiving
successive fasteners to be driven from a supply of such fasteners
fed thereto, fastener driving means carried by said housing for
movement from a fastener receiving position through said drive
track means into a fastener driven position to drive a fastener in
said drive track means into a workpiece and from said fastener
driven position back into said fastener receiving position, means
within said housing defining a driving pressure chamber disposed in
fluid pressure communicating relation to said fastener driving
means, and means operable by fluid under pressure from said
reservoir for establishing a driving fluid pressure higher than
said reservoir fluid pressure within said driving chamber acting on
said fastener driving means with said fastener driving means in
said fastener receiving position and for effecting movement of said
fastener driving means from said fastener receiving position to
said fastener driven position under the action of said higher
driving pressure.
2. Fastener driving apparatus comprising means defining a housing,
reservoir means within said housing for receiving and containing
fluid under pressure supplied thereto from a source of fluid under
pressure, drive track means carried by said housing for receiving
successive fasteners to be driven from a supply of such fasteners
fed thereto, fastener driving means carried by said housing for
movement from a fastener receiving position through said drive
track means into a fastener driven position a fastener in said
drive track means into a workpiece and from said fastener driven
position back into said fastener receiving position, means within
said housing defining a driving pressure chamber disposed in fluid
pressure communicating relation to said fastener driving means, and
means operable by fluid under pressure from said reservoir for
establishing a positive driving fluid pressure and a negative
driving fluid pressure within said driving chamber acting on said
fastener driving means with said fastener driving means in said
fastener receiving position and for effecting movement of said
fastener driving means from said fastener receiving position to
said fastener driven position under the action of said positive and
negative driving pressures.
3. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said
positive driving fluid pressure is higher than said reservoir fluid
pressure.
4. Fastener driving apparatus comprising means defining a housing,
reservoir means within said housing for receiving and containing
fluid under pressure supplied thereto from a source of fluid under
pressure, drive track means carried by said housing for receiving
successive fasteners to be driven from a supply of such fasteners
fed thereto, means within said housing defining a driving chamber
including a cylinder, a driving piston reciprocably mounted within
said cylinder, a fastener driving member operatively connected with
said driving piston for movement therewith in a driving g stroke
from a fastener receiving position through said drive track means
into a fastener driven position to drive a fastener in said drive
track means into a workpiece and in a return stroke from said
fastener driven position into said fastener receiving position
means operable by fluid under pressure from said reservoir means
for establishing a driving fluid pressure higher than said
reservoir fluid pressure within said driving chamber acting on said
driving piston with said fastener driving member in said fastener
receiving position in a direction to move said fastener driving
member through said driving stroke, and means for retaining said
fastener driving member in said fastener receiving position during
the establishment of said higher driving fluid pressure and for
releasing the same after the establishment of said higher driving
pressure to thereby permit the movement of said driving piston
under the action of said higher driving pressure and hence the
movement of said fastener driving means through said driving
stroke.
5. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said
higher pressure establishing means comprises pistonhead means of a
size greater than said driving piston operatively connected with
said cylinder, means within said housing defining with one side of
said pistonhead means a pressure chamber including a cylindrical
surface receiving said pistonhead means for longitudinal sliding
movement therein between first and second positions, and valve
means carried by said housing operable to communicate said pressure
chamber with the fluid under pressure within said reservoir means
to move said pistonhead means from said first position to said
second position to thereby establish said higher drive fluid
pressure within said driving chamber.
6. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 5 including a
work contacting member carried by said housing for movement from an
inoperative position to an operative position in response to the
movement of said apparatus into cooperating engagement with a
workpiece, a trigger member carried by said housing for manual
movement from an inoperative position to an operative position, and
interlock means for operating said valve means in response (1) to
the simultaneous movement of said work contacting and said trigger
members into their operative positions. (2) to the movement of said
work contacting member into its operative position when said
trigger member is in its operative position when said trigger
member is in its operative position or (3) to the movement of said
trigger member into its operative position when said work
contacting member is in its operative position.
7. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said
interlock means comprises an elongated interlock member having a
transversely extending slot formed in the central portion thereof,
a pivot pin carried by said housing disposed within said slot,
means connecting one end of said interlock member with said work
contacting member for movement thereby in response to the movement
of said work contacting member from said inoperative position to
said operative position, means for connecting the other end of said
interlock member with said trigger for movement in response to the
movement of said trigger member from said inoperative position to
said operative position, said interlock member including a valve
means engaging portion intermediate the ends thereof.
8. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 5 including means
within said housing defining an exhaust chamber between said
pressure chamber and said drive track means for receiving said
cylinder when said pistonhead means is disposed in said second
position, said valve means being operable to communicate said
pressure chamber with said exhaust chamber and said drive track
means communicating therewith during the movement of said
pistonhead means from said second position to said first
position.
9. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said
valve means is operable to communicate said pressure chamber with
the atmosphere during the movement of said pistonhead means from
said second position to said first position, means defining a
return chamber communicating with said cylindrical surface and the
opposite side of said pistonhead means with an effective area
substantially less than the effective area of said one side of said
pistonhead means communicating with said pressure chamber, and
means for communicating fluid under pressure from said reservoir to
said return chamber for effecting movement of said pistonhead means
from said second position to said first position in response to the
operation of said valve means to communicate said pressure chamber
with the atmosphere.
10. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein said
last-mentioned means comprises a valve operatively connected
between said return chamber and said reservoir means for
maintaining a fluid pressure within said return chamber when said
pistonhead means is in said first position which is not in excess
of substantially less than said reservoir fluid pressure so that
said substantially lesser fluid pressure will be compressed during
the movement of said pistonhead means from said first position to
said second position.
11. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said
fastener driving member is circular in cross-sectional
configuration, closure means movable with said cylinder and
extending inwardly therefrom and slidably sealingly engaging the
exterior periphery of said fastener driving member, the interior
periphery of said cylinder and the exterior periphery of said
fastener driving member extending between said driving piston and
said closure means defining a pressure tight chamber which is
expansible in response to the movement of said pistonhead means
from said first position onto said second position with said
fastener driving member in said fastener receiving position to
thereby establish in said pressure tight chamber a negative fluid
pressure when said pistonhead means is disposed in said second
position and said fastener driving member is disposed in said
fastener receiving position.
12. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said
fastener driving member includes a generally semispherical driving
end and wherein said retaining and releasing means comprises a
cylindrical latch member mounted for transverse movement between
latching and releasing positions, said latch member in said
latching position being disposed with its axis spaced transversely
from the axis of the semispherical driving end of said fastener
driving member between the latter and said drive track means.
13. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the
driving end of said fastener driving member is mounted for limited
transverse movement when said fastener driving member is disposed
in said fastener receiving position from a latched position wherein
its axis is disposed in said spaced transverse relation from the
axis of said latch member so as to bias said latch member for
transverse movement in one direction and a latch releasing position
wherein the axis of said fastener driving member is disposed in
transversely spaced relation from the axis of said latch member so
as to bias said latch member transversely in the opposite
direction, stop means for limiting the transverse movement of said
latch member in said one direction when said latch member is
disposed in said latching position, resilient means permitting
yielding transverse movement of said latch member in said opposite
direction out of said latching position toward said releasing
position and means operable in response to the movement of said
pistonhead means into a predetermined position to said second
position for effecting a transverse movement of the driving end of
said fastener driving member from said latched position to said
latch releasing position.
14. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 13 wherein said
last-mentioned means comprises cam roller means carried by said
housing in a position to be engaged by said driving chamber
defining means when its piston head means is moved into said
predetermined position so that said driving chamber and the
fastener driving element associated therewith will be tilted to
effect the transverse movement of the driving end of said fastener
driving element from said latched position to said latch releasing
position.
15. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 14 wherein said
cam roller means includes a cam roller and means for mounting said
cam roller in said housing in any one of a plurality of
longitudinally spaced positions.
16. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 5 including
first check valve means carried by said pistonhead means for
permitting flow of fluid under pressure from said reservoir means
into said driving chamber when said pistonhead means is disposed in
said first position and for preventing flow of fluid under pressure
outwardly of said driving chamber when said pistonhead means is
disposed out of said first position and cooperating second check
valve means carried by said housing for communicating fluid under
pressure from said reservoir means to said first check valve means
when said pistonhead means is disposed in said first position and
for preventing flow therethrough from said reservoir means to said
pressure chamber during the movement of said pistonhead means from
said second position into said first position.
17. Fastener driving apparatus comprising means defining a housing,
reservoir means within said housing for receiving and containing
fluid under pressure supplied thereto from a source of fluid under
pressure, drive track means carried by said housing for receiving
successive fasteners to be driven from a supply of such fasteners
fed thereto, means within said housing defining a driving chamber
including a cylinder, a driving piston reciprocably mounted within
said cylinder, a fastener driving member operatively connected with
said driving piston for movement therewith in a driving stroke from
a fastener receiving position through said drive track means into a
fastener driven position to drive a fastener in said drive track
means into a workpiece and in a return stroke from said fastener
driven position into said fastener receiving position, means
operable by fluid under pressure from said reservoir means for
establishing a positive driving fluid pressure and a negative
driving fluid pressure within said driving chamber acting on said
driving piston with said fastener driving member in said fastener
receiving position in a direction to move said fastener driving
member through said driving stroke, and means for retaining said
fastener driving member in said fastener receiving position during
the establishment of said positive and negative driving fluid
pressures and for releasing the same after the establishment of
said positive and negative driving pressures to thereby permit the
movement of said driving piston under the action of said positive
and negative driving pressures and hence the movement of said
fastener driving means through said driving stroke.
18. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 17 wherein said
positive and negative pressure establishing means comprises
pistonhead means of an exterior diameter size greater than the
exterior diameter size of said driving piston operatively connected
with said cylinder, means defining with one side of said pistonhead
means a pressure chamber including a cylindrical surface receiving
said pistonhead means for longitudinal sliding movement therein
between first and second positions, closure means movable with said
cylinder and extending inwardly therefrom and slidably sealingly
engaging the exterior periphery of said fastener driving member,
the interior periphery of said cylinder and the exterior periphery
of said fastener driving member extending between said driving
piston and said closure means defining a pressure tight chamber
which is expansible in response to the movement of said pistonhead
means from said first position to said second position with said
fastener driving member in said fastener receiving position to
thereby establish in said pressure tight chamber a negative fluid
pressure when said pistonhead means is disposed in said second
position and said fastener driving member is disposed in said
fastener receiving position, and valve means carried by said
housing operable to communicate said pressure chamber with the
fluid under pressure within said reservoir means to move said
pistonhead means from said first position to said second
position.
19. Fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 18 wherein said
fastener driving member includes a generally semispherical driving
end and wherein said retaining and releasing means comprises a
cylindrical latch member mounted for transverse movement between
latching and releasing positions, said latch member in said
latching position being disposed with its axis spaced transversely
from the axis of the semispherical driving end of said fastener
driving member between the latter and said drive track means.
20. A fastener driving apparatus as defined in claim 19 wherein the
driving end of said fastener driving member is mounted for limited
transverse movement when said fastener driving member is disposed
in said fastener receiving position from a latched position wherein
its axis is disposed in said spaced transverse relation from the
axis of said latch member so as to bias said latch member for
transverse movement in one direction and a latch releasing position
wherein the axis of said fastener driving member is disposed in
transversely spaced relation from the axis of said latch member so
as to bias said latch member transversely in the opposite
direction, stop means for limiting the transverse movement of said
latch member in said one direction when said latch member is
disposed in said latching position, resilient means permitting
yielding transverse movement of said latch member in said opposite
direction out of said latching position toward said releasing
position and means operable in response to the movement of said
pistonhead means into a predetermined position during its movement
from said first position to said second position for effecting a
transverse movement of the driving end of said fastener driving
member from said latched position to said latch releasing
position.
21. In a fastener driving apparatus of the type including a
housing, fluid pressure operated fastener driving means carried by
said housing for movement through a fastener driving stroke and a
return stroke, valve means carried by said housing for movement
from a normally inoperative position into an operative position for
effecting the operation of said fluid pressure operated means
through said fastener driving stroke, a work contacting member
carried by said housing for movement, from an inoperative position
to an operative position in response to the movement of said
apparatus into cooperating engagement with a workpiece, a trigger
member carried by said housing for manual movement from an
inoperative position to an operative position, and interlock means
for effecting movement of said valve means into the operative
position thereof in response (1) to the simultaneous movement of
said work contacting and said trigger members into their operative
positions, (2) to the movement of said work contacting member into
its operative position when said trigger member is in its operative
position or (3) to the movement of said trigger member into its
operative position when said work contacting member is in its
operative position, the improvement which comprises said interlock
means including an elongated interlock member having a transversely
extending slot formed in the central portion thereof, a pivot pin
carried by said housing disposed within said slot, means connecting
one end of said interlock member with said work contacting member
for movement thereby in response to the movement of said work
contacting member from said inoperative position to said operative
position, means for connecting the other end of said interlock
member with said trigger for movement in response to the movement
of said trigger member from said inoperative position to said
operative position, said interlock member including a valve means
engaging portion intermediate the ends thereof.
Description
This invention relates to fastener driving apparatus and more
particularly to fluid pressure actuated fastener driving
apparatus.
In the past several years fluid pressure actuated fastener driving
devices have been brought into increasingly frequent use in many
industries. A common characteristic of these fastener driving
devices is the provision of a fastener driving element which is
moved through a fastener driving stroke and a return stroke by
means of a driving piston reciprocably operable within a driving
cylinder. Conventionally, the handle of the device is constructed
to provide a reservoir for receiving fluid under pressure from a
suitable source. Various control valve assemblies have been
provided to direct the fluid under pressure within the reservoir
selectively to the driving cylinder to effect the driving stroke of
the piston and in many instances the return stroke as well. In the
known prior art devices, the driving stroke of the driving piston
is accomplished by the application of fluid under reservoir or line
pressure.
Where relatively small fasteners are to be driven by the device,
the application of reservoir or line pressure to the driving piston
to effect the driving stroke has proven entirely adequate. However,
with the development of fluid pressure actuated fastener driving
devices which are capable of handling large fasteners, as, for
example, nails up to 16-penny and higher, there exists a greater
need for effecting the driving stroke of the driving piston under a
pressure which is greater than pressures conventionally available
to operate the lighter duty devices in the interest of acceptable
size and weight considerations. While it would be possible to
simply increase the pressure available at the source, such an
increase in the fluid pressure available can not always be
economically obtained.
An object of the present invention is the provision of a fluid
pressure operated fastener driving apparatus which is operable from
a source of fluid under pressure of the type heretofore utilized in
conjunction with light duty fastener driving apparatus having means
operable by fluid under reservoir or line pressure for establishing
an increased pressure differential within the driving cylinder
acting on the driving piston to effect the driving stroke of the
driving element of the device.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, this
objective can be achieved by establishing a pressure greater than
reservoir or line pressure within the driving cylinder acting on
the driving piston in a direction to move the driving element
through its driving stroke and/or the establishment of a negative
pressure condition within the driving cylinder acting on the
driving piston in a direction to move the driving element through
its driving stroke. It is preferable in accordance with the present
invention to establish both a pressure greater than reservoir or
line pressure and a negative pressure acting on the driving piston,
although the objectives of the present invention can be obtained by
establishing a pressure greater than reservoir or line pressure on
the driving side of the driving piston and an atmospheric condition
on the opposite side of the piston, as well as the establishment of
line pressure on the driving side of the driving piston and a
negative pressure condition on the opposite side thereof.
It is of significant importance that the device of the present
invention achieves the aforementioned objectives with a
construction providing weight and size characteristics which are
entirely acceptable. The relationship of the weight and size
characteristics to the high energy output characteristics compares
favorably with the relationship of these characteristics in light
duty devices. Consequently, while the principles of the present
invention have particular advantages where high output energies are
required they may also be advantageously employed in devices
limited to light duty operation.
Moreover, the present invention, while being particularly suited to
the higher energy requirements of medium to heavy duty fastener
driving devices, provides significant operational advantages which
would be applicable to light duty devices as well. It is desirable
in all fastener driving devices that the operational cycle
including the driving stroke be completed as fast as possible, with
as little noise as possible, and with as little recoil action on
the hand of the operator as possible. These desirable operational
characteristics are achieved in accordance with the principles of
the present invention by eliminating the necessity of displacing
and discharging air during the driving stroke, by imparting a
relatively high velocity to the driving piston through the
increased pressure differential established and by maintaining a
very favorable ratio of the moving mass of the device (the driving
piston and the driving element) to the static mass thereof (the
remaining structure).
Accordingly, it is a further object of the present invention to
provide a fastener driving device capable of high speed operation
which is quiet and substantially recoilless.
A still further object of the present invention is the provision of
a fluid pressure operated fastener driving device of the type
described having improved means for maintaining the driving piston
and the fastener driving element in a fastener receiving position
during the establishment of the above-mentioned pressure conditions
within the driving cylinder and for releasing the driving piston
and fastener driving element from said fastener receiving position
so that the fastener driving element will be moved through its
fastener driving stroke, at least initially, under the action of
the established pressure conditions.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a
fastener driving apparatus of the type described having an improved
contact trip-trigger interlock mechanism capable of "drag" and
"bump" firing the apparatus and operable to prevent manual
actuation of the fluid pressure driving system when the device is
not in contact with a workpiece.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more
apparent during the course of the following detailed description
and appended claims.
The invention may best be understood with reference to the
accompanying drawings wherein an illustrative embodiment is
shown.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a fluid pressure operated
fastener driving apparatus embodying the principles of the present
invention, showing the parts in their normally inoperative
position;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the position of the
parts after contact trip-trigger actuation, but prior to the
release of the fastener driving element;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing the position of the
parts at the start of the return stroke of the fastener driving
element immediately after the driving stroke thereof;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view of the
upper head portion of the apparatus illustrating the valve
mechanism of the fluid pressure return means of the apparatus in a
position prior to the connection of the apparatus with a source of
fluid under pressure;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
line 5-5 of FIG. 1, with parts broken away for purposes of clearer
illustration;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view
illustrating the latch pin of the apparatus in its latching
position retaining the fastener driving element in its fastener
receiving position;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 showing the fastener driving
element moved into a release position wherein the latch pin is
movable into its release position to permit the fastener driving
element to move through its driving stroke;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
line 8-8 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
line 9-9 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
line 10-10 of FIG. 1.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, there is shown
therein a fluid pressure operated fastener driving apparatus,
generally indicated at 10, embodying the principles of the present
invention. In general, the apparatus comprises a main housing,
generally indicated at 12, having drive track means, generally
indicated at 14, at one end thereof which is adapted to receive
laterally therein a fastener F from a supply S of such fasteners
carried by and fed thereto from a magazine assembly, generally
indicated at 16.
The apparatus also includes a fastener driving member or element 18
operatively connected with a fastener driving piston 20 and a
driving chamber assembly, generally indicated at 22, including a
cylinder member 24 within which the driving piston is reciprocably
mounted. Means, generally indicated at 26, is provided for
retaining the fastener driving member 18 in a fastener driving
position wherein a fastener F from the supply S is fed from the
magazine 16 laterally into the drive track to be driven
longitudinally outwardly therefrom and for releasing the fastener
driving element from the fastener driving position so as to permit
the latter to be moved through its driving stroke to drive the
fastener F in the drive track 14 longitudinally outwardly therefrom
and into the workpiece.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the
apparatus 10 includes means, generally indicated at 28, operable by
fluid under pressure from a suitable source (not shown) under the
control of the operator for establishing a pressure condition
within the driving cylinder acting on the driving piston when the
fastener driving element is in its fastener receiving position,
which pressure condition includes the establishment of a pressure
greater than line pressure on the driving side of the driving
piston and/or a negative pressure condition on the opposite side of
the driving piston.
The apparatus preferably provides a contact trip-trigger interlock
mechanism, generally indicated at 30, which is operable to permit
actuation of the apparatus only when the same has been moved into
operative contact with the workpiece into which the fastener is to
be driven, and has also been manually actuated by the operator, and
a fluid pressure operated means, generally indicated at 32, for
effecting the return stroke of the fastener driving apparatus in
response to the release of the contact trip-trigger interlock
mechanism. The mechanism 30 is operable to permit "drag" firing
wherein the apparatus is maintained in contact with the workpiece
while being dragged or moved therealong in conjunction with
repeated manual actuation or "bump" firing wherein the apparatus is
continuously manually actuated and repeatedly moved into and out of
engagement with the work piece at spaced positions thereon.
As best shown in FIG. 1, housing 12 includes a longitudinally
extending head portion 34 defining an exhaust chamber 36 at the end
thereof adjacent the drive track means 14 and a longitudinally
aligned cylindrical pressure chamber 38 separated from the exhaust
chamber 36 as by a radially inwardly extending flange section
40.
The housing 12 also includes a handle portion 42 extending
transversely outwardly from the longitudinally extending head
portion 34 at a position intermediate the ends thereof. The handle
portion 42 is exteriorly configured to be exteriorly grasped within
the hand of the operator and is configured interiorly to provide a
chamber or reservoir 44 adapted to be connected to a source of
fluid under pressure, as by an interiorly threaded opening 46. The
handle portion 42 also provides a generally parallel interior
exhaust chamber 48 having an interiorly threaded outlet 50 to which
a silencer (not shown) may be secured, if desired.
The drive track means 14, as shown, is formed as part of the
magazine assembly 16. The drive track means 14 and magazine
assembly may be of any suitable construction to accommodate any
desired form of fastener. For example, a magazine and drive track
assembly of the type illustrated in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.
3,259,292, dated Jul. 5, 1966, may be utilized for accommodating a
fastener package of the type described in commonly assigned U.S.
Pat. No. 3,083,369, dated Apr. 2, 1963. However, as shown, the
magazine assembly 16 is of conventional construction of the type
adapted to receive a straight stick of fasteners of conventional
T-head design, the drive track means 14 being interiorly configured
to accommodate the shape of the fasteners. As shown, the magazine
assembly 16 includes a section 52 which is adapted to engage within
the adjacent end of the exhaust chamber 36 of the housing. Any
suitable means may be provided for securing the section 52 in
proper relation to the exhaust chamber 36, as, for example, by
bolts 54 extending through the section 52 and threadedly engaged
within the adjacent end of the head portion 34 of the housing.
While the driving chamber assembly 22 may take many forms, as
shown, it preferably includes an outer cylindrical member 56
disposed in surrounding relation to the cylinder member 24 so as to
define therewith an annular high pressure chamber 58. The end of
the high pressure chamber 58 opposite from the drive track 14
communicates with the interior to the cylinder member 24 by any
suitable means, such as a plurality of circumferentially spaced
generally rectangularly shaped openings 60 formed in the cylinder
member 24. The opposite end of the chamber 58 is closed by any
suitable means, as, for example, an O-ring seal 62 disposed within
an inwardly opening annular groove 64 formed in the adjacent end of
the cylinder member 56. The O-ring seal 62 extends radially from
the groove 64 into pressure tight engagement with the exterior
periphery of the cylinder member 24 at the adjacent end
thereof.
The means 26 for retaining the fastener driving element 18 in its
fastener receiving position and for releasing the fastener driving
element 18 from such position for movement through its driving
stroke may likewise take many forms. As best shown in FIGS. 1--3
and 5--7, the means 26 preferably includes a cylindrical latch
member or latch pin 66 disposed with its axis extending
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head portion 34 of
the housing and mounted in the section 52 for transverse movement
between a latching position and a releasing position.
As best shown in FIG. 5, the section 52 is provided with an
elongated recess 68 which opens toward the exhaust chamber 36 and
communicates with the inner end of the drive track means 14 at the
central portion thereof. Disposed within the bottom of the recess
68 is a member 70 which carries the latch pin 66 for movement
between its latching and releasing positions. As shown, the latch
pin carriage member 70 has formed in one end portion thereof an
elongated slot 72 of a size to receive therein the latch pin 66.
The opposite end portion of the member 70 is apertured to receive a
pivot pin 74 fixedly carried by the section 52 and extending into
the recess 68.
The section 52 has a bore 76 extending therethrough into
communication with the recess 68 adjacent one side of the member 70
within which a spring pressed plunger 78 is slidably mounted so as
to engage the adjacent side of the member 70 and resiliently urge
the latter in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 5. As
shown, the spring pressed member 78 is formed with a central recess
which receives one end of a coil spring 80, the opposite end of
which engages a plug 82 threadedly engaged within the outer end of
the bore 76.
The spring pressed member 78 serves to resiliently bias the member
70 into a limiting position wherein the latch pin is disposed in
its latching position. To this end, and adjustable stop member 84
is threadedly engaged within a bore 86 formed in the section 52 in
communication with the recess 68 adjacent the opposite side of the
member 70. As shown in FIG. 5, the end of the stop member may be
threadedly adjusted within the bore 86 so that the inner end
thereof will engage the adjacent side of the member 70 to limit its
counterclockwise movement under the biasing of the spring pressed
member 78.
The side of the member 70 adjacent the stop member 84 is cut away,
as indicated at 88, in communication with the central portion of
the latch pin receiving slot 72. Mounted within the outer portion
of the recess 68 is a fixed guide member 90 having an opening 92
extending through the central portion thereof which is shaped to
receive the fastener driving element 18 and to permit a limited
amount of lateral movement of the fastener driving element therein
in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the latch pin.
As best shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the fastener driving element 18 is
preferably circular in cross section and has its fastener engaging
end formed into a semispherical configuration, as indicated at 94.
When the latch pin 66 is disposed in its latching position, the
axis of the latching pin is disposed slightly to the right of the
axis of the fastener driving element 18, as viewed in FIGS. 1 and
6, the rounded configuration of the engaging portions of the end 94
and latch pin 66 tend to move the latch pin to the right, as viewed
in these FIGS., in a direction to engage the carriage member 70
with the stop 84.
The latch pin is movable from its latching position into its
releasing position to permit the fastener driving element 18 to
move through its driving stroke by effecting a relative transverse
movement between the latch pin and the end of the fastener driving
element in a direction to move the axes of the latch pin and the
fastener driving element relatively into alignment and then beyond
such position of alignment so that the force applied to the
fastener driving element can then operate to cam the latch pin
completely into its release position against the action of the
spring pressed member 78. The accomplishment of the above-mentioned
relative movement may be achieved in various different ways after
the means 28 has been operated to establish the essential pressure
conditions acting on the driving piston. Thus, the relative
movement can be accomplished either by effecting transverse
movement of the latch pin or the fastener driving element, or both,
at the desired time. Such relative movement can be accomplished
through manual actuation, fluid pressure actuation, or mechanical
actuation.
As shown, the required movement is accomplished by effecting a
transverse movement of the fastener driving element in response to
the positioning of the driving chamber assembly into the position
it assumes when the essential pressure conditions acting on the
driving piston have been established. This relative movement is
accomplished by means of a cam roller 96 mounted within a
projecting portion 98 formed in the exhaust chamber 36 at the end
thereof adjacent the drive track means 14.
Preferably, the cam roller 96 is mounted within the projecting
portion 98 so as to be maintained in any one of a plurality of
longitudinally adjusted positions. The adjustment may take many
forms and, as shown, comprises simply a shaft 100 for the cam
roller 96 which may be selectively mounted within any one pair of a
series of aligned pairs of longitudinally spaced openings 102
formed in the transversely spaced walls of the projecting portion
98. It will be noted that a portion of the wall of the outer
cylindrical member 56 of the driving chamber assembly 22 is
frustoconically shaped, as indicated at 104, to cooperate with the
surface of the cam roller to effect the transverse movement of the
fastener driving element 18 to effect movement of the latch pin 66
out of its latching position and into its releasing position.
The means 28 for establishing the essential pressure conditions
acting on the driving piston may likewise take many forms and, as
shown, includes a pistonhead structure, generally indicated at 106,
which forms a part of the driving chamber assembly 22. As shown,
the outer cylindrical member 56 of the driving chamber assembly 22
is formed with an enlarged flange portion 108 at the end thereof
opposite from the surface 104. Mounted within the flange portion
108 in sealing relation thereto, as by O-ring seal 110, and in
abutting relation to the adjacent end of the inner cylinder member
24 is a pistonhead member 112. The member 112 includes a radially
outwardly extending annular flange 114 disposed in abutting
engagement with the adjacent end of the flange portion 108 and is
apertured to receive a plurality of fastening elements 116
threadedly engaged within the flange portion 108 to secure the
pistonhead member 112 thereto. An O-ring seal 118 is disposed
within the annular groove formed in the periphery of the pistonhead
structure by the flange 114 of the head member 112 and the flange
portion 108. The O-ring seal 118 engages the inner periphery of the
cylindrical pressure chamber 38.
The pistonhead structure 106 is thus slidably mounted within the
chamber 38. The outer end portion of the chamber 38 is adapted to
receive fluid under pressure from the reservoir 44 under the
control of a trigger valve mechanism, generally indicated at 120,
to effect a longitudinal movement of the driving chamber assembly
22 in a direction toward the drive track means 14 by the fluid
under pressure from the reservoir. During this movement the
essential pressure conditions are established within the driving
chamber acting on the piston. To this end, the outer end of the
chamber 38 is closed by a cap assembly, generally indicated aT
122.
The cap assembly includes an inner member 124 having a plurality of
circumferentially spaced ports 126 formed therein, as best shown in
FIG. 10. The outer ends of the ports 126 are interconnected by an
arcuate groove 128 formed in the outer surface of the inner cap
member 124, the groove 128 having an end portion 130 which
communicates with the outer end of a port 132.
The cap assembly 122 also includes an outer cap member 134 which,
together with the inner cap member 124 and appropriate gaskets 136
and 138, are secured to the adjacent head portion 34 of the housing
12, as by a plurality of circumferentially spaced bolts 140
extending through the cap members and gaskets and threadedly
engaged within appropriate bosses formed on the housing. The outer
cap member 134 closes the outer side of groove portions 128 and 130
so as to provide a passage from the ports 126 to the port 132. The
inner end of the inlet port 132 is disposed in communication with
the outer end of a longitudinally extending passage 142 formed in
the housing 12. As best shown in FIG. 9, the inner end of the
passage 142 communicates with a laterally extending port 144 which
is selectively communicated with the reservoir 44 and the exhaust
chambers 36 and 48 under the control of the trigger valve mechanism
120.
The port 144 communicates laterally with the central portion of a
bore 146 formed in the handle portion 42 of the housing 12 in a
position adjacent the head portion 34. The outer end of the bore
146 communicates with the exterior of the handle portion 42 and the
inner end thereof communicates with the reservoir 44 through a
central axial opening 148, under the control of trigger valve
mechanism 120.
The trigger valve mechanism 120 may be of any desired construction
and, as shown in FIGS. 1--3, includes a tubular valve insert 150
disposed within the bore 146 and having three O-ring seals mounted
within appropriate annular grooves formed in the exterior periphery
thereof at longitudinally spaced positions. The two innermost seals
engage the interior periphery of the bore 146 at opposite sides of
the port 144 and a plurality of openings 152 extend through the
tubular insert 150 so as to communicate the port 144 with the
interior of the insert, as shown in FIG. 9. Formed within the
interior of the insert on opposite sides of the openings 152 are a
pair of oppositely facing frustoconical valve seats 154 and 156
adapted to be alternately engaged by a pair of frustoconical valve
elements 158 and 160, respectively, formed of a rubberlike
material. The valve elements are mounted on a valve stem 162, the
outer end of which is provided with an outwardly extending
pistonlike flange 164 slidably sealingly mounted, as by a suitable
O-ring or the like, within the outer cylindrical interior portion
of the valve insert. The cylindrical portion has a plurality of
circumferentially spaced cylindrical openings 166 extending
radially therethrough to communicate the interior of the valve
insert with an exhaust passage 168 formed in the handle portion of
the housing 12 and communicating at one end with the exhaust
chamber 36 of the head portion 34 and at its other end with the
exhaust chamber 48 of the handle portion of the housing 12.
The valve mechanism 120 operates in conventional fashion and is
normally disposed in an inoperative position, as shown in FIGS. 1
and 3, wherein the valve element 160 is out of engagement with the
seat 156 and the valve element 158 is in engagement with the valve
seat 154 thus communicating the outer end of the chamber 38 with
the atmosphere through exhaust chambers 36 and 48, passage 168,
openings 166 and 152, port 144, passage 142, port 132, annular
groove 128 and ports 126.
It will be noted that the inner end of the valve stem 162 and the
valve element 158 are in communication with the fluid under
pressure within the reservoir chamber 44 by the opening 148, which
fluid pressure serves to bias the valve mechanism into its normal
inoperative position. When the valve stem 162 is moved into an
operative position, valve element 158 moves away from its valve
seat 154 and valve element 160 engages its valve seat 156 thus
communicating the reservoir pressure with the outer end of the
pressure chamber 38 and closing off the communication of the latter
with the atmosphere.
When reservoir pressure is communicated with the outer end of the
chamber, the pistonhead structure 106 carried by the driving
chamber assembly 22 is acted upon to move the latter with respect
to driving piston 20, since the latter is retained against movement
by the latch pin 66. This movement of the driving chamber assembly
22 establishes a desired pressure condition above reservoir
pressure which acts upon one side of the driving piston during its
driving stroke.
Preferably, this movement of the driving chamber assembly 22 is
also utilized to establish a negative pressure condition on the
opposite side of the driving piston. To this end, closure means, in
the form of a radially inwardly extending end wall 170 on the
member 56, is provided as a part of the driving chamber assembly 22
at the end thereof opposite the pistonhead structure 106. The end
wall 170 is centrally apertured to receive the fastener driving
element therethrough and an O-ring seal 172 is mounted within the
aperture for slidable sealing engagement with the periphery of the
fastener driving element.
It will be understood that while it is preferable to establish both
a higher than line driving pressure and a negative driving pressure
for effecting movement of the fastener driving element through its
driving stroke, it is within the contemplation of the present
invention to utilize either of these increased energy conditions.
For example, rather than to provide a pressure tight closure means,
such as the sealed end wall 170, the adjacent end of the cylinder
24 could simply be slightly opened so as to communicate with the
exhaust chamber 36. Such an arrangement may be desirable since it
would have the effect of providing a slight air cushion for
absorbing the shock of the fastener driving element 18 when it
completes its driving stroke. Moreover, a negativepressure
condition may be established while maintaining reservoir or line
pressure within the driving chamber 58. This would entail simply
providing for open communication between the outer end portion of
the pressure chamber 38 and the driving chamber 58.
The valve mechanism 120 is moved from its normal inoperative
position into its operative position by the contact trip-trigger
interlock mechanism 30. As best shown in FIGS. 1--3, the housing 12
at the juncture between the head portion 34 and handle portion 42
is formed with a recess 176 within which a trigger housing section
178 is mounted. The housing section 178 is retained within the
recess by any suitable means, such as a bolt 180 extending through
the housing section and threadedly engaged within the adjacent
handle portion 42.
The central portion of the trigger housing section 178 is formed
with a recess 182 which is open at one end in communication with
the bore 146 of the trigger valve mechanism 120 and at its opposite
end with a transversely extending finger receiving opening 184.
Disposed within the recess 182 adjacent the trigger valve mechanism
120 is a generally inverted T-shaped interlock element 186 having
an enlarged central portion provided with a transversely elongated
slot 188. The interlock element 186 is mounted within the recess
182 by means of a pivot pin 190 carried by the housing section and
extending within the recess through the elongated slot 188. A
trigger member 192 is disposed adjacent the interlock element 186
and is mounted within the trigger housing section 178 for limited
pivotal movement, as by pivot pin 194, between operative and
inoperative positions. The central portion of the trigger member is
shaped to be engaged by the finger of the operator and has a pair
of flanges 196 extending outwardly from opposite sides thereof
which are adapted to engage the adjacent wall of the finger
receiving opening 184 when the trigger member has been moved into
its operative position.
The end of the trigger member opposite from the pivot pin 194 is
preferably provided with an adjustable element 198 which is adapted
to abuttingly engage the adjacent end of the interlock element 186.
The opposite end of the interlock member 186 is adapted to be
abuttingly engaged by a transversely extending element 200 mounted
for longitudinal reciprocating movement within a transversely
extending opening 202 formed in the adjacent portion of the trigger
housing section 178. The ends of the element 200 extend outwardly
of the opening 202 and are fixedly connected to the ends of a pair
of transversely spaced parallel strut elements 204. The opposite
ends of the strut elements are fixedly connected with a
longitudinally extending contact trip element 206 mounted on the
magazine assembly 16 for longitudinal reciprocation at a position
adjacent the drive track 14.
The contact trip element 206 includes an outer end surface 208
which is adapted to engage the workpiece within which a fastener F
is to be driven. As best shown in FIG. 1, the work contacting
surface 208 of the element 206 is normally disposed in spaced
relation to an adjacent work contacting surface 210 of the magazine
assembly disposed adjacent the outer end of the drive track 14. The
contact trip element 206 is moved from its normally inoperative
position to an operative position when the apparatus 10 is manually
moved into contact with the workpiece within which a fastener is to
be driven. During this movement the surface 208 will initially
engage the surface of the workpiece and the interlock actuating
element 200 will be moved into abutting engagement with the
interlock element 186 until the surface 210 contacts the workpiece.
Movement of the element 200 into engagement with the end of the
interlock element 186 will effect a tilting movement of the latter
into the position shown in FIG. 3.
It will be noted that this movement of the interlock member 186 is
not sufficient to effect a movement of the trigger valve mechanism
120. However, when the interlock element 186 is disposed in this
position, movement of the trigger member 192 from its inoperative
position, as shown in FIG. 3, to its operative position, as shown
in FIG. 2, will effect movement of the interlock element through
the abutting engagement of the adjusting element 198 therewith
sufficient to move the valve stem 162 from its inoperative
position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, to its operative position, as
shown in FIG. 2. The contact trip-trigger interlock mechanism 30 is
thus operable to move the trigger valve mechanism 120 from its
inoperative position to its operative position only when the
apparatus 10 has been moved into operative contact with the
workpiece piece into which the fastener is to be driven and the
trigger member 192 has been manually actuated by the operator.
However, the trigger valve mechanism 120 will be moved from its
operative position into its inoperative position in response to the
movement of either the trip contact 206 into its operative position
or the trigger member 192 into its inoperative position. In this
way, the contact trip-trigger interlock mechanism 30 is capable of
permitting "drag" firing wherein the apparatus is maintained in
contact with the workpiece while being dragged or moved therealong
in conjunction with repeated manual actuation of the trigger member
192, or "bump" firing wherein the operator continually maintains
the trigger member 192 in its operative position and the apparatus
is repeatedly moved into and out of engagement with the workpiece
at spaced positions therealong.
The fluid pressure operated means 32 for effecting the return
stroke of the fastener driving element 18 is operable in response
to the movement of the trigger valve mechanism 120 from its
operative position to its inoperative position after the fastener
driving element 18 has been moved through its driving stroke, as
shown in FIG. 3. The return means 32 preferably includes a
proportioning valve mechanism, generally indicated at 212. As best
shown in FIG. 4, proportioning valve mechanism 212 is mounted
within a cylindrical recess 214 formed in the outer end of the head
portion 34 in parallel relation to the main pressure chamber 38.
The inner end of the recess 214 communicates with one end of a
longitudinal passage 216, the opposite end of which communicates
with the inner end portion of the pressure chamber 38, as by a
transversely extending opening 218. The inner end portion of the
pressure chamber 38 is sealed, as by an O-ring 219, mounted within
an appropriate groove in the flange portion 40 and slidably
sealingly engaging the exterior periphery of the cylindrical member
56.
The valve mechanism 212 includes a differential piston valve member
220 mounted within the recess 214 and including a large piston
portion 222 having an appropriate O-ring seal or the like mounted
in the exterior periphery thereof for engaging the interior
periphery of the recess 214, and a small piston portion 224
adjacent the outer end thereof also having an appropriaTe O-ring
seal or the like mounted in the outer periphery thereof. The small
piston portion 224 is disposed in slidable sealing engagement with
the interior periphery of a centrally apertured exteriorly flanged
insert 226 mounted in the outer end of the recess 214 and sealingly
engaged therein, as by an O-ring seal or the like.
The valve member 220 has an opening extending longitudinally
therethrough providing an intermediate frustoconical shoulder 228.
Mounted within the valve member 220 in sealing engagement with the
shoulder 228 is a conventional tire valve 230. The tire valve 230
includes the usual valve stem 232 which extends outwardly of the
valve member 220 adjacent the inner end of the recess 214. Disposed
within the inner end of the recess 214 is an apertured valve stem
engaging plate 234 having a series of circumferentially spaced
openings extending longitudinally therethrough, the outer ends of
the openings being intercommunicated by a circular groove. The
portion of the recess 214 between insert 226 and the large piston
portion of the valve member 220 is exhausted to atmosphere as by a
port 236 formed in the adjacent portion of the housing 12.
The small piston portion 224 of the valve member 220 is
communicated at all times with the fluid pressure within the
reservoir 44 through a port 238 extending longitudinally through
the inner cap member 124 with its inner end in communication with
the outer end of the recess 214, and its outer end in communication
with one end of a generally L-shaped groove 240 formed in the outer
end of the inner cap member 124. As best shown in FIG. 10, the
central portion of the groove 240 communicates with one end of a
port 242 formed in the inner cap member, the opposite end of which
communicates with the adjacent end of a longitudinal passage 244
formed in the head portion of the housing 12 in parallel relation
to the passage 142. As best shown in FIG. 8, the opposite end of
the passage 244 is communicated with the reservoir chamber 44, as
by a lateral port 246.
The opposite end of the groove 240 communicates with a central
recess 248 formed in the interior of the outer cap member 134 and
an aligned bore 250 formed in the inner cap member 124. The recess
248 constitutes a chamber which is at all times communicated with
the reservoir chamber 44 so as to provide a source of fluid under
reservoir or line pressure from which the driving chamber 58 of the
driving chamber assembly 22 is charged with reservoir or line
pressure under the control of a pair of cooperating valve
mechanisms 252 and 254 carried respectively by the inner cap member
124 and the piston member 112 of the driving chamber assembly 22.
The valve mechanism 252 includes a tubular valve insert 256
sealingly mounted within the bore 250, as by an O-ring seal and a
snapring or the like. The tubular valve insert 256 has a central
bore 258 extending therethrough formed with a counterbore in the
outer end thereof defining an intermediate outwardly facing valve
seat 260. Mounted within the counterbore is a ball valve 262 which
is resiliently urged into engagement with the valve seat 260, as by
a coil spring 264.
The valve mechanism 254 includes a hollow member 266 having a
stemlike outer portion and a flanged cylindrical inner portion
disposed in a correspondingly shaped central opening formed in the
piston member 112 and sealingly secured therein, as by an O-ring
seal and a snapring or the like. The stemlike outer portion of the
member 266 is of an exterior size to sealingly engage within the
bore 258 of the valve insert 256, as by an O-ring seal or the like.
The extremity of the stem portion of the member 266 is adapted to
engage and unseat the ball valve 262 and has formed therein a
transversely extending slot 268 which serves to communicate the
adjacent end of the member 266 with the recess 248. The opposite
end of the member 266 communicates with the chamber 58 under the
control of a flap valve 270 carried by the piston member 112 in
operative relation to the adjacent end of the member 266.
It will be understood that appropriate bumper means of an
appropriate resilient material is preferably provided for absorbing
shocks incident to the movement of the various parts of the
apparatus into their limiting positions. To this end, a rubber
bumper ring 272 is mounted within an appropriate annular recess
formed in the inner surface of the inner cap member 124 for
engaging the piston member 112 when the driving chamber assembly 22
is disposed in its inoperative position. An annular rubber bumper
274 is disposed within the end of the cylinder 24 between the end
wall 170 and the driving piston 20 and a further annular rubber
bumper 276 is disposed within the exhaust chamber 36 in engagement
with the housing section 52.
OPERATION
When the apparatus 10 is connected with a source of fluid under
pressure, the fluid under pressure will enter the reservoir chamber
44 causing the trigger valve mechanism 120 to be biased into its
inoperative position, as shown in FIG. 1. Fluid under pressure from
the reservoir flows through lateral port 246, longitudinal passage
244 (FIG. 8), aligned port 242, groove 240, port 238, and the
recess 248 (FIG. 10). Fluid pressure in the port 238 acts on the
small piston portion 224 of the valve member 220 of the
proportioning valve mechanism 212 to move the latter from its
normal position, as shown in FIGS. 1--3 to its operative position,
as shown in FIG. 4. During the movement of the valve member 220
into its operative position, valve stem 232 of the tire valve 230
will engage the plate 234 so as to open the tire valve permitting
fluid under pressure from the port 238 to pass through the valve
member 220 past the tire valve into the inner end of the recess
214. From the recess fluid under pressure flows through the
apertures in plate 234 into longitudinal passage 216 and then
through port 218 into the inner end portion of the pressure chamber
38, so as to bias the driving chamber assembly 22 into its
inoperative position shown in FIG. 1.
The pressure within the inner portion of the recess 214 acts upon
one side of the large piston portion 222 which has a substantially
greater effective area than the effective area of the small piston
portion 224. Since the opposite side of the large piston portion is
exposed to atmosphere by port 236, when the pressure within the
inner end of the recess 214 reaches a value substantially less than
full line pressure, the valve member 220 will be moved from its
operative position, as shown in FIG. 4 into its normal inoperative
position, as shown in FIGS. 1--3, during which movement tire valve
230 closes. Preferably, the relationship between the effective
pressure areas of the large and small piston portions of the valve
220 are such that the proportioning valve mechanism 212 will
maintain a pressure of approximately 10 percent of line pressure
within the chamber 38 when the driving chamber assembly 22 is
disposed in its inoperative position, as shown in FIG. 1.
With the driving chamber assembly 22 disposed in its first or
inoperative position, the stem portion of the valve member 266 will
be disposed within the bore 258 of the valve insert 256 and the
extremity of the stem portion will maintain the ball valve 262 away
from its seat 260 so that the slot 268 will serve to communicate
the pressure within the recess 248 with the interior of valve
member 266. Consequently, fluid pressure within the valve member
266 flows past the flap valve 270 and into the driving chamber 58
until it attains full reservoir or line pressure.
Under normal operating conditions, valve mechanisms 212, 252, and
254 are operable only when the source of pressure is connected with
the apparatus in the manner set forth above. It will be noted that
the parts of the apparatus are disposed in the position shown in
FIG. 1 after initial connection with the source of fluid under
pressure.
When both the contact trip element 206 and the trigger member 192
are moved into their operative positions, as shown in FIG. 2, the
trigger valve mechanism 120 will be moved from its normally
inoperative position into its operative position, in the manner
previously set forth in detail. The movement of the trigger valve
mechanism 120 into its operative position communicates fluid under
pressure from the reservoir chamber 44 with the outer end portion
of the pressure chamber 38 and this pressure acts to move driving
chamber assembly 22 longitudinally in a direction toward the drive
track 14. During the initial portion of this movement, the valve
mechanism 254 moves away from the value mechanism 252, the
engagement of the ball valve 262 with its seat 260 serving to
prevent communication between the reservoir fluid pressure within
the recess 248 and the fluid pressure within the outer end portion
of the pressure chamber 38. Also, during the initial portion of
this movement, the semispherical end 94 of the fastener driving
element 18 will engage the latch pin 66 in latching relation as
shown in FIG. 6 so that during the subsequent movement of the
driving chamber assembly 22, cylinder 24 will move longitudinally
with respect to the driving piston 20. This relative movement
serves to establish a pressure condition within the driving chamber
58 which increases during the movement of the driving chamber
assembly 22 from a value substantially equal to reservoir or line
pressure to a value substantially above reservoir or line pressure
(as, for example, from 80 p.s.i. to 200 p.s.i. and above). In this
regard, it will be noted that the effective pressure area of the
piston assembly 106 is considerably greater than the effective
pressure area of the piston 20. Also, during the above-mentioned
relative movement a negative pressure condition is established
within the cylinder 24 between the end wall 170 and the piston 20
which decreases during the movement.
Depending upon the adjusted position of the cam roller 96, the
surface 104 will engage the cam roller at a predetermined position,
as shown in FIG. 2, between the first or inoperative position of
the driving chamber assembly 22, as shown in FIG. 1, and the second
or operative position, as shown in FIG. 3. The engagement of the
surface 104 with the cam roller 96 serves to tilt the entire
driving chamber assembly 22 which, in turn, causes a lateral
movement of the end 94 of the fastener driving element 18 from its
latched relation, as shown in FIG. 6, to a releasing position, as
shown in FIG. 7. During this movement it will be noted that the
axis of the end 94 of the fastener driving element is effectively
moved over center with respect to the axis of the latch pin 66, so
that the transverse component of the longitudinally outward force
of the fastener driving element acting on the latch pin shifts from
a direction tending to move the latch pin toward the right, as
shown in FIG. 6, to a direction tending to move the latch pin to
the left, as shown in FIG. 7. While movement of the latch pin to
the right is prevented by the adjustable abutment 84, movement to
the left is permitted through the yielding action of the spring
pressed member 78. Consequently, as soon as the fastener driving
element 18 is moved into its releasing position, as shown in FIG.
7, the fastener driving element will then begin to move
longitudinally through its driving stoke during which it initially
engages the fastener F disposed within the drive track and then
moves the fastener outwardly and into the workpiece, as shown in
FIG. 3.
It is important to note that the driving stroke is initiated under
the combined action of the fluid under pressure within the driving
chamber 58 which is higher than the reservoir or line pressure and
the negative pressure established within the cylinder between the
piston 20 and the end wall 170. While these pressure conditions
which are established by the movement of the driving chamber
assembly 22 into the position shown in FIG. 2 will reduce during
the driving stroke of the fastener driving element 18, even at the
end of the driving stroke, as shown in FIG. 3, the driving piston
20 will still have at least line or reservoir pressure acting
thereon.
During the movement of the driving chamber assembly 22 from its
first position, as shown in FIG. 1, to its second position, as
shown in FIG. 3, the fluid within the inner end portion of the
pressure chamber 38 and the passage 216 will increase from a value
which is substantially 10 percent of line pressure, as determined
by the proportioning valve mechanism 212, to a substantially
greater pressure which preferably may be substantially equal to
reservoir or line pressure. It will also be noted that this
pressure has no effect whatsoever on the movement of the fastener
driving element through its driving stroke.
After the driving stroke has been accomplished, and the trigger
valve mechanism 120 has been moved back into its inoperative
position by the operation of the contact trip-trigger interlock
mechanism 30 in the manner described above in detail, fluid under
reservoir or line pressure within the outer portion of the pressure
chamber 38 is allowed to exhaust through the port 168. Since this
pressure is exhausted, the pressure within the inner end portion of
the pressure chamber 38 acts to effect movement of the driving
chamber assembly 22 from its second position, as shown in FIG. 3,
back into its first position. During this movement the fastener
driving element 18 is moved through its return stroke by the
engagement of the driving chamber assembly 22 therewith.
It will be noted that by exhausting the fluid under reservoir or
line pressure within the pressure chamber 38 through the exhaust
chamber 36, the tendency for air to be drawn into the exhaust
chamber is eliminated and, in fact, a flow of air through the
exhaust chamber 36 and out of the guide track 14 will take place
which serves not only to maintain proper lubrication of the
associated parts, but to prevent foreign material from being drawn
into the same.
It will also be noted that in conjunction with the favorable
utilization of the energy available to effect the driving stroke
achieved by the present invention, the construction is such that
the size and weight of the device is maintained at an acceptable
level. Moreover, the device has the operational advantage of high
velocity movement of the driving piston in its driving stroke as
well as fast cycling, and where negative pressure conditions are
established on the driving element side of the driving piston, a
particularly quiet operation is achieved, by virtue of the
elimination of the necessity of displacing and discharging air
during the driving stroke. Furthermore, the very favorable ratio of
the moving mass of the device (the driving piston and the driving
element) to the static mass thereof (the remaining structure)
materially reduces, if not substantially eliminates, recoil at the
end of the driving stroke. The securement of a substantially
recoilless operation is enhanced because the driving piston is
contained within a movable cylinder.
It thus will be seen that the objects of this invention have been
fully and effectively accomplished. It will be realized, however,
that the foregoing specific embodiment has been shown and described
only for the purpose of illustrating the principles of this
invention and is subject to extensive change without departure from
such principles. Therefore, this invention includes all
modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the
following claims.
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