U.S. patent number 3,564,343 [Application Number 04/767,580] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-16 for computer programming apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Reliance Electric Company. Invention is credited to Edward O. Gilbert, Alan J. Guest, Jay B. King.
United States Patent |
3,564,343 |
Guest , et al. |
February 16, 1971 |
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING APPARATUS
Abstract
A computer patchbay formed by the front edges of a plurality of
etched circuit boards spaced apart from each other in a plurality
of planes parallel to each other, with resilient spring contacts
adapted to snap on the front edges of the circuit boards and extend
forwardly therefrom. Each resilient spring contact includes a
cylindrical bar with a plurality of slots which facilitate accurate
alignment and uniform alignment of the contacts. Improved
techniques for shielding conductors connected to the spring
contacts from each other are disclosed.
Inventors: |
Guest; Alan J. (Ann Arbor,
MI), King; Jay B. (Ann Arbor, MI), Gilbert; Edward O.
(Ann Arbor, MI) |
Assignee: |
Reliance Electric Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25079912 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/767,580 |
Filed: |
September 24, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/748; 439/61;
439/81; 361/724; 361/787; 361/800 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06G
7/06 (20130101); H05K 7/18 (20130101); G06F
1/18 (20130101); H01R 12/722 (20130101); H01R
12/75 (20130101); H01R 13/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06G
7/00 (20060101); H01R 12/16 (20060101); H01R
12/00 (20060101); G06F 1/18 (20060101); H05K
7/18 (20060101); G06G 7/06 (20060101); H01R
13/02 (20060101); H01R 13/20 (20060101); H02b
001/02 (); H01y 013/42 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/18,17,217 (S)/
;339/217.1,217.2 ;317/101 (CB)/ ;317/101 (D)/ ;317/101 (DH)/ |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Champion; Marvin A.
Assistant Examiner: Clifford; Patrick A.
Claims
We claim:
1. A selective connection assembly adapted to resiliently engage a
removable patchboard having rows and columns of patchholes with
patchcord tips extending through a plurality of said patchholes,
comprising, in combination: a row of circuit cards fixedly spaced
from each other in mutually parallel planes with a front edge of
each of said cards terminating in a front plane perpendicular to
the plane of each of said cards, and with a plurality of etched
circuit conductors extending rearwardly from a location adjacent
the front edge of each card, each of said cards including a
plurality of slots spaced along its front edge; and a plurality of
resilient metallic spring contacts each comprising a resilient
forwardly-extending contact arm having a contact portion adapted to
be resiliently contacted and flexed by a patchcord tip, and a
hollow generally cylindrical rear portion having a
longitudinally-extending slot open at the rear cooperating with a
slot on one of said cards, with the sides of said
longitudinally-extending slot resiliently gripping said card within
said contact slot.
2. An assembly according to claim 1 in which said
longitudinally-extending slot extends parallel to the longitudinal
axis of said generally-cylindrical rear portion, and having a
second slot open at the rear edge of said cylindrical rear portion
and extending forwardly therefrom, a first portion of said second
slot extending at an acute angle to said longitudinal axis and a
second portion of said second slot extending parallel to said
longitudinal axis.
3. An assembly according to claim 1 in which each of said cards
includes a plurality of holes, and in which each of said spring
contacts has a further slot having an edge portion adapted to
extend through one of said holes to rigidly affix each of said
spring contacts on said cards.
4. An assembly according to claim 1 in which each of said circuit
cards comprises a multilayer laminated card having electrical
conductors on both of its outer sides adapted to be engaged by
opposite edges of one of said spring contacts, and means connecting
said electrical conductors to a further electrical conductor
extending between the layers of said laminated card.
5. An assembly according to claim 1 in which each of said circuit
conductors extends to a further edge of its respective circuit card
to connect to a detachable connector means.
6. An assembly according to claim 1 in which at least one of said
circuit cards carries a plurality of electronic circuit components
and in which at least one of said circuit conductors extends to and
connects to one of said circuit components.
7. An assembly according to claim 1 in which each of said circuit
cards includes a second front edge portion adapted to engage a
circuit card connector, and in which a plurality of said circuit
conductors extend to said second front edge portion.
8. An assembly according to claim 1 in which each of said cards
includes a plurality of holes, and in which each of said spring
contacts includes a tubular portion having a slot, one side of
which slot extends from the rear of said tubular portion for a
first distance at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of said
tubular portion and then extends perpendicular to said axis.
9. An assembly according to claim 1 in which each of said resilient
spring contacts includes a resilient forwardly-extending contact
arm having a contact portion adapted to be contacted by a patchcord
tip and a hollow tubular rear portion having first and second slots
angularly spaced from each other substantially diametrically across
from each other and extending forwardly from the rear end of said
tubular rear portion, said second slot having a first edge portion
which extends at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of said
tubular rear portion and a second edge portion which extends
perpendicularly to said longitudinal axis.
10. An assembly according to claim 1 in which said
longitudinally-extending slot in each of said spring contacts has a
front edge portion substantially the same width as the thickness of
the circuit card upon which a respective spring contact is mounted,
and a rearward portion of lesser width than said thickness, whereby
installation of each spring contact on its respective circuit cards
causes said rearward portions of its respective slot to resiliently
grip opposite sides of its respective circuit card.
11. An assembly according to claim 1 in which the front end of each
of said contact slots is adapted to engage the rear end of a
respective one of said slots on said cards to fixedly locate said
spring contacts on said circuit cards.
12. An assembly according to claim 2 in which said first portion of
said second slot extends from the rear end of the cylindrical rear
portion to the second portion of said second slot, and in which
said first portion includes a rearmost portion having one edge
arranged at an acute angle to said longitudinal axis and an
opposite edge extending parallel to said longitudinal axis.
13. An assembly according to claim 2 wherein the centerline of said
second portion of said second slot is located diametrically across
said cylindrical rear portion from the centerline of said first
slot.
14. An assembly according to claim 2 wherein said second portion of
said second slot includes a central portion laterally offset from a
longitudinal plane extending through the centerlines of said first
and second slots, and a front portion centered on said longitudinal
plane.
15. An assembly according to claim 3 in which each of said closed
holes comprises an elongated slot having at least one edge which
extends rearwardly on its respective circuit card in a direction
parallel to an edge of the slot along the front edge of the card
which is engaged by the same spring contact.
16. An assembly according to claim 4 in which said outer sides of
said laminated card facing a portion of said further electrical
conductors are covered with electrical shielding to shield said
further conductor.
Description
A variety of electronic devices, and particularly electronic
computers, require that a large number of circuit terminals be
selectively connected together in order to program a machine to
solve a desired problem, and many computers, including digital
types, analogue types and hybrid analogue-digital types, utilize
removable patchboards or plugboards having matrices (rows and
columns) of contact holes which may be interconnected by patchcords
and plugs to establish a desired program. After the desired number
of patchcords and plugs have been appropriately plugged into a
removable patchboard, the patchboard itself is ordinarily plugged
into the computer patchbay, so that each of the patchcord tips or
plug tips extending through one of the patchboard contact holes is
electrically and mechanically contacted by a spring contact fixedly
installed in the computer patchbay. The spring contacts of the
patchbay are connected to various computing elements such as
amplifiers and logic circuits mounted within the computer. Typical
patchbays may have a large number of contacts, as, for example,
3840 contacts arranged in 60 rows and 64 columns on perhaps
three-eighth inch centers, so that the patchbay and each patchboard
cover an area of roughly one square yard. In many computers the
nature of the electrical signals at various contacts requires that
the contacts be effectively shielded from each other. In many prior
computers the patchbay has consisted of a honeycomblike group of
individually shielded rectangular recesses, with a spring contact
mounted within each recess to be engaged by a patchcord which
extends within the recess when the patchboard is plugged into the
patchbay. The rear end of each spring contact most commonly
terminates in a bar to which an electrical connection may be made
either by means of a connector or through use of a wire-wrap
connection.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,443,161 issued to Jay B. King discloses an improved
form of patchbay construction in which a patchbay is formed by the
front edges of a group of multilayer etched circuit board
assemblies, termed "headers." Each header comprises a plurality
(e.g. six) of etched circuit boards sandwiched together to form a
rigid unit having a height and depth considerably greater than its
width, a typical header unit having a width of three-quarters inch
so as to receive two columns of a patchboard having patchholes on
three-eighths inch centers, a height of about two feet and a depth
of perhaps one foot. Placing 32 such headers side by side forms a
patchbay having 64 columns of holes. Etched circuit conductors on
various of the circuit boards extend from the front edges of the
boards to other edges of the boards and allow the connections to be
fanned out to provide much more space within which connections may
be made. Many of the conductors terminate in connectors at the rear
edges of the header assemblies, and various circuits such as
amplifiers may be plugged directly in the connectors. The
arrangement not only overcomes the need for making a large number
of wire-wrap connections to the rear of a patchbay, but also
provides a rigid wiring assembly having known or predetermined
electrical characteristics between each computer element and each
patchbay contact to which it is connected. Each header preferably
includes metal or metal-coated plastic shielding along its front
edges, with recesses milled or otherwise formed in the shielding to
provide two columns of shielded recesses, and a spring contact is
mounted within each such recess near the front edge of one of the
etched circuit boards. In the King application each spring contact
is shown riveted on a circuit board and soldered to an etched
circuit conductor.
In order that any patchcord tip make good electrical contact with
its mating patchbay contact, patchbay contacts commonly include a
blade portion which extends at an angle to the direction in which
the patchboard is inserted, so that insertion of a patchboard tends
to flex the spring contacts as the patchboard is inserted. To
insure good electrical contact between each patchcord tip and a
spring contact, patchboards are usually arranged to be translated
vertically upwardly slightly beyond their normal operating position
and then moved slightly downwardly to their operating position.
Initially moving the patchboard past its operating position insures
that contact area portions of each tip and contact which ultimately
engage when the patchboard is in its final operating position will
have been wiped. Because the large number of spring contacts can
apply a large spring force to the patchboard, levers or electrical
motors are sometimes used to accomplish the vertical shifting of
the patchboard. It will be apparent that patchbay contacts may be
arranged, if desired, so that sidewise translation instead of
vertical translation of the patchboard causes similar wiping
action.
While a patchbay formed with header assemblies as disclosed in the
mentioned King application offers great advantages over predecessor
arrangements and eliminates much of the wire-connecting required in
prior systems, it still requires that a large number of spring
contacts be riveted or otherwise affixed in rows along the front
edges of each header assembly forming the patchbay. One object of
the present invention is to provide an improved spring contact
mounting arrangement for such a patchbay using a spring contact
which need not be riveted or soldered to an etched circuit card,
but which may be merely forced onto the edge of an etched circuit
card and thereafter held in place automatically by its own
resilience. An attendant object of the invention is to provide a
spring contact arrangement in which electrical contact between the
spring contact and the etched circuit conductor is reliable, and
which will not be disturbed as the spring contact is flexed by the
patchcord tip.
Due to careless installation of a patchboard or due to mishandling
of the computer when a patchboard is not in place various of the
spring contacts of patchbays sometimes become bent, so that they do
not make reliable electrical contact with patchcord tips.
Replacement of patchbay spring contacts has been extremely
difficult and expensive to accomplish in most patchbays prior to
that of the King application, and even with the latter arrangement,
replacement of a patchbay spring contact has been tedious and
time-consuming, and has required that each header assembly having a
faulty spring contact be unplugged and removed from the computer
and then dismantled, so that replacement of even a single patchbay
contact involves several hours. A primary object of the present
invention is to provide a patchbay similar to that of the King
application in that it is formed by the front edges of a plurality
of sandwiched etched card assemblies, but in which faulty spring
contacts may be easily removed and replaced individually from the
front of the computer, so that no dismantling or removal of the
assemblies is necessary in order to replace faulty patchbay
contacts. While the spring contacts of the present invention are
removable and replaceable, it is vitally important, of course, that
they not be susceptible to misalignment as they are flexed by the
patchboard tips. It is also vitally important that each spring
contact, when installed, be precisely aligned in the same direction
as all of the other spring contacts, so that substantially uniform
contact pressure exist, and that similar contact wiping occur, on
all of the contacts. A further object of the invention is to
provide an improved patchbay which is economical to manufacture,
assemble and repair.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will, in
part, appear hereinafter.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,
combination of elements, and arrangement of parts, which will be
exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth, and the
scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the
invention, reference should be had to the following detailed
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a typical hybrid analogue-digital
computer embodying two patchbays constructed in accordance with the
invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view taken in cross section through one form of
patchbay constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the front of the
patchbay of FIG. 2 taken at lines 3-3 in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3a contains isometric cutaway views of three shield plates
which form the front edge of the header assembly of FIG. 2 and
cooperate to form two rows of recesses having a rectangular cross
section.
FIG. 4 is a cross section view taken downwardly at lines 4-4 in
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4a is a rear view of a header assembly taken at lines 4-4 in
FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 is a cross section view taken at lines 5-5 in FIG. 3.
FIG. 6a is a plan view showing the outline of a flat metal stamping
from which one form of spring contact may be formed.
FIG. 6b is a bottom view of a spring contact which has been formed
by rolling the contact stamping of FIG. 6a about a cylindrical
die.
FIGS. 6c and 6d are bottom views of the rear end of patchbay
contacts; FIG. 6c showing the contact as it is being installed on
an etched circuit board, and FIG. 6d being a similar view with the
contact shown completely installed and locked in place.
FIG. 7 is a cross section view taken at lines 7-7 in FIG. 6d.
FIGS. 8a and 8b are front and side views of an alternative
arrangement in which electronic circuit components are mounted on
the same etched circuit boards as patchbay spring contacts, so that
connections are made by etched circuit conductors from the patchbay
contacts directly to electronic circuits, such as amplifiers,
without the need for intervening connectors or plugs.
FIG. 1 shows a hybrid analogue-digital computer comprising a
plurality of interconnected cabinets and drawers containing a wide
variety of electronic analogue and digital computing elements such
as amplifiers, multipliers, gates, counters and the like. The
computer is controlled from the front side visible in FIG. 1, by
operation of a number of switches, pushbuttons and dials (not
shown) located at control center 16 and control panel 10, and
various data indicating computed results and conditions within the
computer is displayed on a number of indicators (not shown) located
at control center 16. Frequently, the computer is interconnected by
cables (not shown) to one or more additional computers or computer
peripheral devices such as printers and magnetic tape units and the
like.
The basic operation of the computer of FIG. 1 is determined by
making selective electrical connections between various ones of a
large number of electrical terminals by means of patchcords and
plugs which plug into a patchboard having many rows and columns of
holes. In order that given programs or connection arrangements may
be used at different times without requiring a patchboard to be
wired each time, and in order that different programs may be
executed rapidly in succession, it is common to provide a number of
patchboards with each computer, with each patchboard being capable
of being quickly plugged into and removed from the patchbay of the
computer. In FIG. 1 the computer is shown as including two
patchbays 12 and 14, each comprising generally a plurality of
sandwiched etched circuit board assemblies. Main patchbay 12 is
shown as including 32 sandwiched etched circuit board assemblies or
"headers" mounted adjacent each other, side by side, in an upper
row of 16 headers indicated at 12a and a lower row of 16 headers
indicated at 12b, while patchbay 14 is shown as including a single
row of five generally similar headers. Each of the headers of
patchbay 12 presents four half columns (24 rows) of patchbay spring
contacts near its front edge and engages the patchcord tips or
patch plug tips in four half columns of a patchboard when the
latter (not shown) is plugged into patchbay 12. Thus patchbay 12 is
provided with 64 times 24 or 1536 spring contacts. Each of the five
headers of patchbay 14 presents four full columns of patchbay
spring contacts near its front edge and engages tips in four
columns of a patchboard when one is plugged into patchbay 14.
Header-assemblies may be made to engage single columns of
patchboard contacts, or two, three or more than four columns, if
desired, and individual headers may be constructed to extend
horizontally instead of vertically, to cover rows of contacts
instead of columns. The overall shape and arrangement of the
particular computer shown in FIG. 1 forms no part of the present
invention and FIG. 1 merely serves to illustrate one typical header
assembly arrangement with which the present invention may be
used.
Referring now to FIG. 2, patchbay 12 includes a main frame
comprising a rectangular opening comprising four structural
channels 10a-- 10d, the two vertical channels 10b and 10d not being
shown in FIG. 2, and five horizontal crossbars 11a-- 11e best seen
in FIG. 2, which are shown extending across the entire patchbay.
Four sections of "eggcrate" shielding 13a-- 13d are shown mounted
between and fastened to each adjacent pair of crossbars. Each
section of eggcrate shielding comprises a matrix of rows and
columns of thin strips of electrically-conductive material, such as
metal or plated plastic. Each section of eggcrate shielding
provides 64 columns and 12 rows of rectangular recesses having open
front faces into which patchcord tips protrude when a patchboard is
installed, and having open rear faces into which the front portions
of spring contacts mounted on the header assemblies protrude, none
of the spring contacts being shown in FIG. 2. Thus each header
carries four half-columns of spring contacts, with 24 contacts in
each half column.
The typical upper and lower header assemblies 20a and 20b shown in
FIG. 2 each comprise a plurality (e.g. six) of sandwiched etched
circuit cards rigidly mounted together, with certain of the cards
of each header carrying a large number of etched circuit conductors
which extend from the spring contacts at the front edge of a header
to one or more of the other edges of the header, in a manner to be
shown in detail. The right-hand outside card of upper header 20 is
shown at 37, and the right-hand outside card of lower header
assembly 20b is shown at 37b. As will be explained below, the sides
of cards 37 and 37b visible in FIG. 2 are largely covered with
ground foil in many applications. In FIG. 2, 12 conductors assumed
to be located on one of the inside cards of upper header assembly
20a are shown in dashed lines leading from a column of spring
contacts (not shown) mounted within the recesses of shielding 13a,
rearwardly to connector 22a to connect to circuits on card 23a.
Header assemblies 20a and 20b are each shown provided with a
plurality of rear-edge ribbon-type circuit card connectors 22a--d
and 122a--d, and a plurality of computer circuit cards 23a, 23b and
123a, 123b plug directly into such connectors. Various conductors
on one or more of the cards of upper header 20a extend to
connectors located above the patchbay area at 25, and various
conductors on one or more cards of lower header assembly 20b extend
to connectors located below the patchbay at 26. Cables and/or bus
wires (not shown) extend along upper and lower raceways 24a, 24b
across the computer normal to the planes of the header assemblies
to connect to the conductors at 25 and 26.
The front faces of both of the headers shown in FIG. 2 butt against
the rear edges of the eggcrate shielding and include further
shielding having a plurality of rectangular recesses which register
with the recesses defined by the eggcrate shielding, a portion of
the shielding of upper header 20a being shown at 32, and a portion
of that of lower header 20b being shown at 32b.
FIG. 3 is a front view looking into a portion of the patchbay. The
front face of header assembly 20a is defined by left and right
outer shield plates 31 and 32, three center shield plates 33a, 33b,
33c and the front edges of four double-layer etched circuit cards
34, 35, 36 and 37. The right-hand shield plate and one double-layer
circuit board of a similar header assembly mounted to the left of
header assembly 20a are shown at 26a and 26b, respectively, and the
left-side shield plate and one double-layer circuit board of a
further header assembly mounted to the right of header assembly 20a
are shown at 27a and 27b, respectively. The cross sections of the
shield plates are illustrated in FIG. 3a, the cross sections of
inner shield plates 33a, 33b and 33c all being the same. It will be
seen that the outer shield plates 31 and 32 (which are mirror
images of each other) each have a flat outer surface (31a, 32a),
and a plurality of inwardly-extending slots milled, cast or molded
on one side. The flat surface 31a of left-side shield plate 31 will
be seen to lie against the similar flat surface of right-hand
shield plate 26a of an adjacent header assembly, while flat surface
32a of right side shield plate lies against the flat side of
left-hand shield plate 27a of another adjacent header assembly. It
will be seen that each slot in each outer shield plate registers
horizontally with a slot in an adjacent center shield plate to
provide eight columns of rectangular recesses across header
assembly 20a, with the four double-layer circuit boards each
extending between an adjacent pair of recesses, and with each
recess being open on its front and rear sides. Each recess may be
closed at its rear to provide better shielding, if desired. A
spring contact 38 is mounted in each adjacent pair of recesses on
the circuit board between the pair in the manner shown for contacts
38, 38 in FIG. 3, and each spring contact 38 extends forwardly
outside the recesses, into a registering rectangular recess
provided in eggcrate shielding 13a. In FIG. 3 various of the
contacts are shown removed to afford a view of upper location slots
39, 39 provided in the front edges of each of the multilayer etched
circuit cards.
In the top view of FIG. 4 header assembly 20a is shown including
six phenolic etched circuit boards, including the four
previously-mentioned multilayer circuit boards 34-37, together with
two singlelayer circuit boards 40, 41 sandwiched therebetween, with
all six boards tightly bolted together as by means of machine
screws 42 and 43, 43, with fiber spacers used between various of
the boards, as illustrated at 44, 44. While multilayer circuit
boards 34--37 which carry spring contacts extend all the way to the
front edge of the shielding, circuit cards 40 and 41 terminate near
the rear edge of the shield pieces. While only a single circuit
board (40 or 41) is shown sandwiched between a pair of spring
contact-carrying boards in FIG. 4, it will be apparent that further
such boards also could be sandwiched therebetween by using shorter
spacers, or no spacers at all. The eggcrate shielding 13a into
which various of the spring contacts extend is also shown in FIG.
4, with the shielding 13a shown moved slightly forwardly from the
header assembly for sake of clarity. When the header assembly is
installed, the front edges of the shield plates of each header are
adapted to engage the rear edges of the eggcrate shielding, thereby
completely shielding each spring contact from other adjacent spring
contacts.
Each spring contact 38 grips the outer sides of a respective
multilayer circuit board, and etched circuit conductors extend from
where each contact grips the outer sides of the board rearwardly to
a plated-through hole 113. Each plated-through hole 113 serves to
transfer the electrical path from outer sides of a multilayer board
to in-between two layers of the multilayer board. The electrical
path for each spring contact then extends between two layers of a
given multilayer board back to a location near the rear edge of the
board, at which location a respective box contact 75 is stapled to
the board. From a position slightly rearwardly from each
plated-through hole 113 the outer sides of each multilayer board
are covered with ground foil, and hence each conductor leading
rearwardly inside each multilayer board is completely shielded from
conductors leading rearwardly on other boards of the header
assembly, and from conductors on adjacent header assemblies. At
each box contact a further plated-through hole through one or more
layers of the multilayer board reroutes the conductive path from
between layers of the multilayer board to the outer side upon which
the box contact is located.
In FIG. 4 the ground foil on the left-hand outer side of board 34
extends from a point 114 just rearwardly of hole 113 all the way to
the rear edge 34e of board 34, while the ground foil on the
right-hand outer side of board 34 extends from just rearwardly of
hole 113 to point 117 just forward of box contact 75. Ground foil
(preferably covered with thin strips of insulation) extends from
connector 21 forwardly on both sides of single-layer board 40, to a
point slightly forwardly from point 117, thereby insulating and
shielding the box contact from other contacts in the same
horizontal row.
A fiber or other rigid block 45 is shown spaced between circuit
boards 35 and 36 near the rear edge of the assembly, and a
cross-piece 46 affixed to spacer block 45 by means of screw 47 not
only acts as a support for circuit board connectors 21, 22 but also
extends laterally on each side so that the width of the rear edge
of the assembly (dimension a in FIG. 4) corresponds to the distance
between the flat outside surfaces of outer shields 31 and 32. When
a plurality of header assemblies are mounted adjacent each other,
the outside edges of piece 46 abut the edges of similar pieces near
the rear edges of similar assemblies.
In the rear view of header 20a shown in FIG. 4a the header is shown
as including eight connectors 21a--d and 22a--d. Circuit board 23a
plugs into connectors 22a and 22b, and circuit board 23b plugs into
connectors 22c and 22d as shown in FIG. 2. A similar part of
circuit boards (not shown) plug into connectors 21a, 21b and 21c,
21d. Thus header 20a connects to 96 patchbay spring contacts and to
four circuit boards. Of the eight connectors shown on header 20a,
four connectors (21a, 22a, 21c and 22c ) connect to patchbay spring
contacts, while the other four connectors (21b, 22b, 21d and 22d)
connect power and control lines to the four circuit boards plugged
into the header. The lines routed from the 96 patchbay spring
contacts are all treated as sensitive signal circuits and are
shielded by routing them in the manner described between layers of
the four multilayer circuit boards 37--40 included in header 20a.
The power and control lines are unshielded and are carried on both
sides of the two singlelayer circuit boards (40, 41) of header
20a.
Connectors 21a, 22a, 21c and 22c which carry the shielded
conductors from the patchbay spring contacts each include two rows
of 24 contact bars. In each of the connectors the odd-numbered
contact bars of one row and the even-numbered contact bars of the
other row are all connected together and grounded. Hence each
ungrounded contact bar is situated in between two grounded contact
bars in the same row, and across from a grounded contact bar in the
other row, and hence effectively shielded from each other
ungrounded contact bar.
The 12 ungrounded contact bars in row L of connector 21a connect
via box contacts and 12 shielded lines inside multilayer board 34
to the upper 12 of the 24 spring contacts carried at the front edge
of board 34. The 12 ungrounded contact bars in row R of connector
21a connect via box contacts and 12 shielded lines inside
multilayer board 35 to the upper 12 of the 24 spring contacts on
board 35. The 12 ungrounded contact bars in row L of connector 21c
connect via box contacts and 12 further shielded lines inside
multilayer board 34 to the lower 12 of the 24 spring contacts on
board 34, and the 12 ungrounded contact bars in row R of connector
21c connect via box contacts and 12 further shielded lines inside
multilayer board 36 to the lower 12 of the 24 spring contacts on
board 35. The L rows of contact bars of connectors 21b and 21d all
connect to one side of singlelayer board 40, and through printed
conductors on board 40 up to connection located above the patchbay,
as shown at 25 in FIG. 2. The R rows of contact bars of connectors
21b and 21d all connect to the other side of board 40, and via
printed conductors on board 40 up to further connectors located
above the patchbay.
The 12 upper spring contacts carried by boards 36 and 37 similarly
are connected via shielded lines within multilayer boards 36 and 37
to contact bar rows L and R, respectively, of connector 22a, the 12
lower spring contacts on those boards being similarly connected via
shielded lines to rows L and R respectively, of connector 22c, and
groups of power and control lines on opposite sides of board 41
being routed from respective rows of contact bars of connectors 22b
and 22d to connectors above the patchbay at 25.
In the side cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, a spring contact 38 is
shown mounted in only one of the two recesses shown for sake of
illustration. Multilayer circuit card 34 includes a plurality of
inwardly-extending upper location slots 39, 39 along its front
edge, with each such slot open at the front edge of the card, and
includes a lower clamping slot 50 through the board shown spaced
rearwardly and downwardly from upper slot 39, with the front edges
50a of each of the lower slots 50 being closed. In FIG. 5 etched
circuit conductors are shown leading rearwardly on card 34 from the
front edge of the double-layer card to a location within each
shielded recess where a plated-through hole 113 is located. Such
conductors preferably extend on both outer sides of each multilayer
circuit board from each spring contact 38 back to a respective
plated-through hole 113. Each plated-through hole serves to connect
the electrical path for each spring contact from the two outer
sides of the multilayer board to a location between layers of the
multilayer boards, and an etched circuit conductor plated on the
inside of one layer then extends rearwardly toward one of the
rear-edge connectors 21, 22. In FIG. 5 conductors extending
rearwardly from holes 113, 113 between the layers of circuit board
34 are shown in dashed lines at 115, 116. The outer surfaces of
circuit board 34 are covered with ground foil at areas at the left
of line 114 in FIG. 5. Thus the electrical path from each spring
contact is completely shielded from the paths from other spring
contacts in the same row. The locations at which a spring contact
such as 38 resiliently grips the etched conductor 56 are shown
generally at 57 and 58 in FIG. 5.
It is a feature of the invention that only simple slots such as
those shown at 39 and 50 need be provided in order to attach the
spring contacts in a precisely aligned manner. Slots 39 and 50 may
be punched along and near the front edges of circuit cards with
accurate spacing easily and rapidly prior to assembly of each
header.
Each spring contact 38 is shown including a widened front contact
pad portion 61 adapted to present a diagonal or angularly-extending
plane surface to a patchcord tip when the patchboard is inserted
into the patchbay. Pad portion 61 is connected by resilient blade
portion 63 to a generally cylindrical rear portion or barrel 65.
Each spring contact may be fabricated easily and economically by
punching flat stampings having a shape such as that shown in FIG.
6a, rolling the rear portion of each stamping about a cylinder to
form the rear portion of the stamping to a generally cylindrical
shape, and bending the blade portion and contact pad portions to
the shapes shown in FIG. 5. A portion indicated within a dashed
line at 66m in FIG. 6a of the top of the cylindrical barrel of the
contact is preferably also flatted or depressed for a reason to be
explained below. When formed into such a shape each spring contact
will be seen to have a rear end slightly-tapering upper slot 66
shown slightly flared at the rear end of the contact, and a
complex-shaped bottom slot 68 of the nature best seen in FIG. 6b.
When the spring contact is in a relaxed condition such as is shown
in FIG. 6b, bottom slot 68 formed by the irregular rearward edges
of the stamping will be seen to include a rearmost portion 68a
which extends angularly (at the angle .alpha. in FIG. 6b) with
respect to the longitudinal axis x-x of the contact and the center
line of upper slot 66, a further portion 68b parallel to axis x-x,
and a widened third portion 68c also extending parallel to axis
x-x, with portion 68c radially offset from portion 68b, and with
the ends 69, 70 of the widened portion extending normal to the
longitudinal axis. It should be noted that the rear end or opening
68d of bottom slot 68 lies entirely on one side of the plane
defined by axis x-x and the center line of upper slot 66.
In order to install a patchbay spring contact on the forward edge
of a circuit board, the contact is merely urged rearwardly until it
snaps in place and locks itself in place. Upper slot 66 of the
spring contact engages upper locating slot 39 at the front edge of
the board. When the contact has been pushed fully back and into
place, front edge 66a of upper slot 66 will abut inner edge 39a
(FIG. 5) of slot 39, and edges 66b and 66c of slot 66 (FIG. 6a)
will resiliently grip the board, with edge 66b thereby contacting
the portion of etched conductor 56 generally shown at 57 in FIG. 5,
and with edge 66c pressing against the board 34 on the other side.
If an etched conductor (not shown) similar to conductor 56 (and
electrically connected to conductor 56) is provided on the other
side of board 34 opposite conductor 56, edge 66c then will contact
areas of such other conductor opposite area 57, doubling the
contact area at the top of the spring contact.
As the spring contact is pushed rearwardly on the circuit board the
open rear end (68d, FIG. 6b) of bottom slot 68 initially engages
the edge of the board. As the contact is urged rearwardly, side 34a
(FIG. 6c) of the board will be seen to lie flat against
longitudinally-extending edge 65a of the contact, and corner 34b of
the board will slide upwardly on angularly-extending ramp edge 65b
of the contact, thereby tending to spread or widen the bottom slot
of the contact against the resilience of the contact. Because the
resilience of the contact tends to grip the board between flat edge
65a and corner 34b, it will be seen that the longitudinal axis x-x
of the contact tends to be swung parallel and then to remain
parallel with the plane of the board, and does not tend to cock in
one direction or the other as the contact is installed. The use of
the angularly-extending ramp portion 65b opposite the
axially-extending edge 65a does allow some side-to-side angular
tolerance as the contact initially engages the edge of the board,
making it unnecessary to precisely align the contact with the board
during initial contact between the two. As the contact is pushed
further onto the board, corner 34b and then face portions 34c of
the board located rearwardly from corner 34b will be seen to ride
along edge 65c (FIG. 6c). During that time the board will be seen
to be gripped on opposite sides by edges 65a and 65c, and because
both of these edges extend parallel to the x-x axis, the resilience
of the contact will be seen to continue to align the contact with
its axis parallel to the plane of the board. Such conditions will
be seen to pertain during most of the travel of the contact onto
the board.
Eventually the spring contact is pushed far enough onto the board
that corner 67 reaches front edge 50a of clamping slot 50, after
which further advancement of the contact allows edge 65a to enter
slot 50 as the resilience of the contact causes its rear portion to
assume its original cylindrical shape. Upon still further
advancement of the contact to where perpendicular edge 69 reaches
the front edge of slot 50, edge 65c is allowed to suddenly snap
into slot 50. At that point the rear portion of the contact will be
locked in position relative to the board in the manner illustrated
in FIG. 6d. With normal or perpendicular end 65f of the contact
abutting rear edge 50b of clamping slot 50, it will be seen that
the contact cannot be pushed further onto the board. With
perpendicular edge 69 abutting front edge 50a of clamping slot 50,
it will be seen that the contact cannot be pulled forwardly off of
the board. Furthermore, it will be seen that inward or outward
forces imparted to the contact will not tend to rotate the contact
on the board. With edges 65e and 65c, both of which extend parallel
to the x-x axis, gripping the board, precise longitudinal alignment
of the contact in a sidewise sense is assured. It also may be seen
that the centerline of the contact desirably coincides with the
center of the board, facilitating sidewise centering of the
contacts in their respective recesses, which not only decreases the
chances of bending a contact so as to short it to a wall of its
respective recess, but also decreases the capacitance between the
contact and its recess.
The vertical distance (FIG. 5) between the upper edge 39b of each
front slot 39 and the lower edge 50c of each slot 50 is preferably
arranged to be less than the outer diameter of the cylindrical
barrel of each contact. When a contact 38 is fully installed on a
board its flatted upper portion lies against the flat upper edge
39b and its lower edge against the lower edge 50c, with the
dimensions chosen so that the contact is slightly vertical
compressed between edges 39b and 50c, which helps prevent both
rotation of the contact about any axis parallel to the board and
any pitching of the contact about any axis perpendicular to the
board. The flatted or depressed portion at the top of the contact
barrel can be seen at 75 in FIG. 7.
Although the described specific embodiment of the invention has
been illustrated as comprising a plurality of assemblies wherein
plural mutually-parrallel circuit boards are mechanically attached
together, it is important to recognize that the spring contacts of
the invention may be used as well on patchbay assemblies comprising
groups of separate or individually-mounted circuit boards all
arranged spaced from each other in mutually parallel planes.
FIGS. 8a and 8b show a portion of a patchbay formed by a plurality
of individual etched circuit boards 81, 81 supported in slots in
rearwardly extending upper and lower C-shaped guide bars 82, 82.
Horizontal bars 83 and 84 support the front ends of guide bars 82,
82, and similar bars 85 and 86 (FIG. 8b) support the rear ends of
the guide bars. Metal shield plates 86, 86 (which may be
foil-covered phenolic boards) provide shielding between adjacent
circuit boards. Eggcrate shielding (not shown) of the same type
shown in FIG. 2 may be utilized at the front edges of the circuit
boards if desired.
As best seen in FIG. 8b, the conductors leading rearwardly from the
spring contacts of each board of FIG. 8a do not all extend to
connectors at one or more other edges of the circuit boards, but
instead, each circuit board carries a plurality of electronic
components, 88, 88 such as transistors, resistors, capacitors,
diodes, etc. to provide one or more electronic circuits, such as
amplifier circuits, for example. A number of printed or etched
conductors lead rearwardly from various of the components to the
rear edge of the circuit board, and a conventional ribbon-type
connector (not shown) engages the rear edge of each circuit board
to connect power and control lines and input and output signal
lines to the electronic circuit or circuits carried on each board.
Each circuit board in the arrangement of FIGS. 8a and 8b may
comprise a single-side circuit board, a double-side circuit board,
or a 3 or more-layer circuit board. If desired, a circuit board
connector may be permanently attached to the rear edge of one or
more of the circuit boards.
In the foregoing specification and in the following claims, the
term "etched circuit conductor" is intended to means any of the
common planar or foil-type circuit conductors commonly used on
circuit boards, irrespective of whether it is formed on the board
by etching or plating or separately formed such as a stamping and
then adhered to the board.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained, and since certain changes may be made in the above
constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it
is intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
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