U.S. patent number 3,564,120 [Application Number 04/768,800] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-16 for image construction system with arcuately scanning drop generators.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Mead Corporation. Invention is credited to Richard P. Taylor.
United States Patent |
3,564,120 |
Taylor |
February 16, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
IMAGE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM WITH ARCUATELY SCANNING DROP
GENERATORS
Abstract
An image to be reproduced is repetitively optically scanned
along successive arcuate lines and the density variations are
converted to transmittable digital signals. The scanner may have
several scanning heads and appropriate filters to differentiate
between colors. A printer has a corresponding number of liquid drop
generators scanning a receiving sheet in the same fashion.
Individual drops are projected toward the sheet predestined for a
certain coordinate location; the signals are received and buffered
into the printer causing some drops to switch from their normal
trajectory and be removed from the system, thus reproducing the
image in dot-by-dot fashion.
Inventors: |
Taylor; Richard P.
(Chillicothe, OH) |
Assignee: |
The Mead Corporation (Dayton,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
25083520 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/768,800 |
Filed: |
October 18, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
358/502; 358/296;
347/38; 347/3; 347/43 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/01 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/01 (20060101); H04m 001/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/75,140 ;317/3
;178/7.6,7.1E,5.2,6.6,67.5F |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hartary; Joseph W.
Claims
I claim:
1. The method of creating a pattern by selective spatial and
positional control over a large number of small liquid drops,
comprising the steps of:
a. first scanning a master representation of the pattern to be
reproduced over successive arcuate paths;
b. creating digital control signals from the scanning
operation;
c. generating a liquid jet along a predetermined trajectory;
d. stimulating said jet from a source of vibration responsive to
said scanning to cause the jet to break into individual drops
having essentially the same size and velocity characteristics such
that successive drops will deposit on the member in adjacent
positions whereby a continued deposit of drops will produce an
essentially continuous arcuate line for each scan;
e. scanning the jet repetitively in successive arcuate paths over a
drop receiving member at a constant speed, the paths being spaced
such that successive lines or parts thereof formed on the receiving
member adjoin in the same manner as successively deposited drops;
and
f. switching selected ones of said drops from their respective
trajectories in response to the signals from step b and removing
such drops from the system thus causing the remaining drops to form
a pattern of predetermined configuration on the receiving
member.
2. Apparatus for producing a graphic representation from digital
output information, comprising:
means for supporting a receiving member;
a plurality of marking units arranged to place individual dots of a
different color on the receiving member;
scanning means carrying said marking units and causing them to scan
sequentially over said supporting means in a curved path and a
coordinated drive means causing relative movement between the
receiving member and said scanning means whereby said marking units
scan the receiving member in succession over arcuate paths of
predetermined spacing;
a control for said marking units including synchronizing means
correlated to said scanning means and connected to switch each said
marking unit according to input intelligence signals and place dots
at precise positions on the receiving member;
said control including blanking means for directing the
intelligence signals in succession to the marking units as each
unit scans across the receiving member;
said control including an encoder means also coordinated with said
drive means and arranged to generate gating signals according to
the center-to-center spacing of dots on the receiving member;
and
gating means connected to control said marking units under the
combined influence of gating signals and intelligence input
signals.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said marking units each
include means for generating a stream of spaced liquid drops toward
the receiving member at a rate corresponding to the scanning
velocity, and switching means responsive to the control signals to
deflect certain of the drops from their normal trajectory according
to the control signals whereby drops are deposited on the receiving
member according to a coordinate intelligence pattern.
4. Apparatus for digitally reproducing copies of an image
comprising:
means for supporting a representation of the image to be
reproduced;
first scanning means arranged to scan the image on said supporting
means over a plurality of adjacent arcuate scan lines;
signal-generating means coordinated with and driven by said first
scanning means to produce an output of a series of pulse
information signals representing in digital form the location of
individual dots comprising the output of the scanning means;
said signal-generating means including a first encoder driven with
said first scanning means and producing gating pulses time based
according to the desired center-to-center spacing of the dots in
the image;
said first encoder having its gating pulse output connected to
control the output from said signal-generating means;
means for supporting receiving member such as a copy sheet;
a marking unit including means for generating discrete marking
drops at a predetermined rate;
second means for scanning said marking unit over a receiving member
on said supporting means along a plurality of arcuate scan lines
corresponding to the scan of said first scanning means and at a
rate corresponding to the drop generation rate of said marking
unit;
said second scanning means including a rotatable member carrying
said marking unit and arranged to scan said marking unit
repetitively over the receiving member;
drive means connected to rotate said rotatable member and to
advance said supporting member in coordinated fashion whereby said
marking unit follows successive arcuate scans over the receiving
member spaced apart by the center-to-center drop spacing desired in
the resultant image;
drop control means connected to said marking unit and constructed
and arranged to cause certain of the individual drops to deposit on
the receiving member and other drops to be intercepted after
leaving said generating means;
control circuits coordinated with said second scanning means and
receiving said information signals from said signal generating
means, said control circuits having an operating connection to said
drop control means for causing deposit of individual drops on the
copy sheet in accordance with the signals to reproduce the image in
dot matrix form on the receiving member;
a second encoder operated from said drive means to generate
positional time based gating signals for locating drop placement
from said marking unit during its scanning movement; and
a gating output from said second encoder to said control circuits
for controlling the timing of information signals to said marking
unit.
5. 5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein there are a
plurality of first scanning means each responsive to a different
color, and a corresponding number of marking units each generating
drops of a corresponding different color, said second scanning
means being constructed and arranged to scan said marking units
sequentially and repetitively along arcuate scans across the
receiving member to reproduce a multicolor image in dot matrix
form.
6. A jet drop recorder comprising:
a modulatable drop generator;
said drop generator being modulatable by generating a stream of
drops of equal size at a constant frequency and selectively
removing drops from the stream in accordance with a predetermined
program;
support means for supporting a planar receiving member in the field
of coverage of the drop generator;
rotating means for producing rotary scan motion of the drop
generator around a stationary axis in a plane parallel to the plane
of a receiving member on said support means;
translating means producing linear motion of a receiving member on
said support means past an arcuate section of the rotary motion of
the drop generator thereby enabling drop deposition on the
receiving member along successive spaced arcuate lines;
a coordinated drive system connected to operate said rotating means
at a predetermined constant speed and to stimulate said drop
generator at a corresponding frequency to produce adjoining drop
deposits on the receiving member along the scan direction and also
connected to said translating means for spacing successive scans
such that drop deposits in successive scans can adjoin; and
an encoder operated from said drive system to generate positional
time based gating signals for stimulating said drop generator to
locate the drop deposits in adjoining relation along each arcuate
scan line.
7. Apparatus for producing a graphic representation from digital
input information, comprising:
means for supporting a receiving member;
a marking unit including means for generating a stream of spaced
liquid drops toward the receiving member at a rate corresponding to
movement of said scanning means to place individual dots in
adjoining positions on the receiving member;
scanning means carrying said marking unit to scan over said
supporting means in a curved path;
advancing means causing relative movement between the receiving
member and said scanning means in a direction transverse to the
curved scan path whereby said marking unit scans the receiving
member in spaced arcuate paths;
drive means operating said scanning means and said advancing means
at correlated speeds to assure proper spacing of successive scan
paths over the receiving member;
switching means in said marking unit to deflect certain of the
drops from the stream according to the input signals;
a control for said marking unit including synchronizing means
correlated to said scanning means and connected to switch said
marking unit according to input intelligence signals and place dots
at precise positions on the receiving member;
said control including an encoder means synchronized with said
drive means and arranged to generate gating signals according to
the center-to-center spacing of dots in the arcuate paths on the
receiving member; and
gating means connected to control said switching means under the
combined influence of gating signals and intelligence input
signals.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said advancing means
includes a movable carriage providing the supporting means for the
receiving member, said scanning means including a rotatable member
mounting said marking unit and arranged to rotate in a fixed circle
over the path of movement of said carriage across the receiving
member, and said drive means is constructed and arranged to rotate
said rotatable member at a fixed speed and to advance said carriage
at a predetermined lower speed causing said marking unit to make
closely spaced successive arcuate scans across the receiving
member.
9. Apparatus according to claim 7, including a plurality of marking
units each arranged to place dots of a different color on the
receiving member;
said scanning means being arranged to scan said marking units
sequentially over said supporting means; and
said control including blanking means for directing the
intelligence signals in succession to the marking units as each
unit scans across the receiving member.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This invention relates to the production, or reproduction, of
images by precise placement of small liquid drops of a marking
substance such as ink. It has been proposed to produce traces, or
in some cases images, using one or more drop generators in which
the individual drops are switched, so as to deposit, or not to
deposit on a moving web or paper sheet. Typical of such prior art
is the U.S. Pat. to Sweet and Cumming, No. 3,373,437. The liquid
drops are generated at relatively high frequencies, in the order of
40 to 120 kHz., and assuming for purposes of explanation that the
dots from drop deposits are about 5 mils in diameter, and that it
is desired not to deposit one drop upon another, although some
overlapping might be desired, such a system inherently includes a
requirement for relatively high velocity relative motion between
the drop-generating means and the paper or other receiving member.
In some applications wherein it is desired to reproduce a
relatively small number of copies it is impractical to provide
high-speed reciprocating drives. An alternative to such drives is a
cylindrical printing arrangement as shown in Kazan U.S. Pat. No.
3,287,734. However, mounting a receiving member on a cylinder is
tedious and moreover impractical in operations wherein it may be
desired to print on a moving web.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a printer using the jet
drop technique is provided for both single and multicolor printing,
wherein the relative motion between the drop generator equipment
and the receiving member or web is at a relatively low speed, and
the drop generator equipment is scanned at a much higher speed
repetitively over the receiving member. In a preferred embodiment a
rotating disc carries a plurality of drop generators and rotates
over the area of the web on which an image is to be produced,
causing the generators to scan repetitively in an arc over such
image area. The motion of the receiving member causes the
successive scans to be spaced slightly apart for example by a
distance equal to the desired center-to-center spacing of the dots.
Furthermore, an encoder or equivalent pulse-generating device may
be coupled to the rotating scanning mechanism to generate gating
pulses at a frequency corresponding to the desired center-to-center
dot spacing thereby providing a synchronized control for precise
side-by-side placement of the dots. The rotating device carrying
the drop generators, the encoder, and the mechanism for advancing
the receiving web, are all driven in synchronism, preferably from a
common drive unit, to assure the exact correlation of these various
devices, and thus to assure that each drop can be precisely located
in a coordinate system, where the successively arcuate scan lines
form one half of such system, and the output of the encoder
provides the other half of the coordinate system. Each drop
directed along a trajectory toward the web is destined for a
certain coordinate location, and depending upon the intelligence
controlling the drop-switching units, the individual drops will be
removed from the trajectory, and prevented from depositing or will
be permitted to deposit in the predestined location.
By employing a plurality of drop generators which scan in
succession over the receiving member, it is possible to deposit
drops of different colors, thus producing a multicolor print.
The input intelligence for such a printer can be provided by an
optical scanner functioning in the same manner, and employing a
corresponding number of optical scanning devices which are scanned
in arcuate fashion over the original of an image to be reproduced.
The original is moved in synchronized relation with respect to the
scanning motion, and a scanner encoder is keyed or otherwise driven
by the same drive unit which produces the scanning motion, and is
connected to gate the outputs of the optical scanners, thereby
producing intelligence which can be transmitted over presently
available communications equipment. In general, the intelligence in
a multicolor system includes digital switching information for each
of the optical scanners, which may involve four colors, together
with control signals which gate the system and distinguish between
the scans for four different colors.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a novel
image-producing device responsive to digital input information and
creating the image from successive liquid drops which are deposited
in coordinate fashion from a drop generator which is repetitively
scanned over a moving web or equivalent receiving member; to
provide a novel scanning and pulse intelligence-producing device
for creating an input to such a printer, and to provide an image
reproduction system employing the printer and scanner device, which
is capable of use with presently available communications
equipment.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from
the following description, the accompanying drawings and the
appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the general arrangement of a
scanning device provided according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of the coordinate scanning technique
employed by the scanning device and by the printer;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the pulse intelligence equipment
associated with the scanning device, and indicating the connections
to one of a plurality of optical scanners;
FIG. 4 is a similar block diagram illustrating the
intelligence-receiving and handling equipment for the printer, and
showing diagrammatically the connections from this equipment to one
drop generator;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the general arrangement of a multicolor
scanning printer provided in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged detail view, partly broken away and shown in
section, illustrating details of one drop generator;
FIG. 7 is a further enlarged sectional detail, showing details of
the switching head of a drop generator;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating the rotating liquid and
electrical connections employed on the rotating shaft of the
printer shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 9 is a slightly enlarged sectional view, taken on line 9-9 in
FIG. 8, showing the arrangement of liquid passages in the
shaft.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, and particularly to FIGS. 1 and 3, an
original copy or print 10, having an image of pictorial or text
matter to be reproduced, is supported on a transversely movable
base 12 for scanning by the optical scanner. This scanner includes
a disc 15 or equivalent rotating support which is rotated at a
predetermined constant speed by a drive shaft 16 from a drive unit
18 which may include a motor and appropriate gear reduction and
speed control device. The drive unit also has an output indicated
schematically at 19 to the base 12 for advancing the base at a
predetermined relatively slow rate with respect to the rotating
scanning disc 15. This causes the optical scanners 20a, 20b, 20c
and 20d to scan in sequence over arcuate paths across the original
10. As shown in FIG. 2 these paths are represented by the arcuate
lines 21, with the scanning viewed from above and the motion of the
optical scanning unit (or the printing units shown in FIG. 5)
progressing from left to right. Motion of the copy from top to
bottom produces the spacing of successive arcuate scans, and this
spacing is controlled by the drive arrangement whereby through the
drive 19 the base 12 is advanced by the amount between successive
scan centers during the interval between commencement of scans by
successive scanning units.
The drive 18 also is connected to a scanner encoder 24 which is
constructed to produce pulses at regular intervals during the
scanning motion. A typical encoder might be a "light chopper"
employing a disc or drum with slits or opaque marks which
repetitively interrupts the path between a light source and a
photocell. Other encoders such as a magnetic pickup head and a
magnetic recording surface may likewise be employed. As shown in
FIG. 2, the occurrence of the encoder pulses can be used to break
the arcuate scans into a coordinate system, the vertical lines 25
representing the occurrence of successive encoder pulses, and thus
a coordinate system is created wherein the occurrence of a given
encoder pulse during a given arcuate scan represents a particular
coordinate in the system. In the scanner shown in FIGS. 1 and 3,
separate scanning units 20a--20d are employed, each responding to a
different color, for example red, cyan, yellow and black. In order
to provide time for blanking and control signals which also can be
produced from the encoder, it is preferred that the angular extent
of the arcuate scans be slightly less than 90.degree.. In a typical
arrangement each scan will extend for approximately 88.degree.,
leaving 2.degree. of movement to accommodate control
information.
Referring to FIG. 3, each of the scanning units includes a light
source 30 which is focused by an optical system 31 projecting a
small light spot on the copy 10. The reflection of this spot of
light from the copy is directed through a further optical system
32, which directs the light into a beam splitter 35. Two separate
beams of light pass from the beam splitter, one beam passing along
the path indicated at 36 and through a suitable color filter 38,
and another or reference beam 39 being directed through a neutral
density filter 40.
Light from the color filter 38 is focused by an optical system 42,
including an aperture or slit, into a pickup photomultiplier 44.
Light from the neutral density filter 40 is similarly focused
through an optical system, including an aperture, onto a second
photomultiplier 46. The separate outputs from these
photomultipliers are amplified by suitable amplifiers, indicated
generally at 48, and the two signals are directed to a log ration
amplifier 50. It should be understood that this arrangement is
repeated for each of the scanning units, with the physical elements
including the photomultipliers or equivalent transducers mounted as
part of each scanning unit, and the electronics being mounted
externally of the rotating system with suitable slip ring
connections or the like providing the necessary electrical
connections. In a multicolor system this arrangement is repeated
for each of four colors, and in FIG. 3 the scanning electronics is
shown in detail for one color, with the outputs of the
corresponding electronics for the other three colors being
indicated with a suitable legend.
Assuming that amplifier 50 provides an output corresponding to the
scanning of the color "red" (magenta), this output is directed to a
threshold logic circuit 52 which is constructed and arranged to
provide an output only if the scanning unit output has a signal
from the corresponding difference amplifier that exceeds a
predetermined level. In other words, the scanning unit must "see" a
certain intensity of red before there will be an output from the
threshold logic circuit. The output of the logic circuit 52 is
directed to one input of a NAND gate 55, and the other input to
this gate circuit is from the scanner encoder 24, which serves to
provide a regular sampling of the threshold logic output circuit,
hence the output from the NAND gate, along the red signal line 56,
will be a pulsed signal indicating presence or absence of a red dot
in the print to be reproduced. Corresponding pulse signals appear
on the lines 57, 58 and 59, corresponding to the presence or
absence of dots of cyan, yellow, and black colors.
The outputs of the four sampling gates are connected into a
blanking circuit 60 including a suitable control flip-flop and
gating circuits which are keyed from the scanner encoder. As
previously mentioned, between each arcuate scan and the gating
pulses received from the encoder during this scan, there is a short
period in which gating pulses are transmitted from the scanning
encoder to control the gating of the scanner unit outputs. These
signals cause only the appropriate output from that scanning unit
next to scan the original to be transmitted over the transmission
system, indicated generally at 62. The resulting signal is digital
in nature, essentially a string of control pulses which are time
based according to the scanning operation, and which depending upon
available bandwidth can be transmitted over presently available
systems such as telephone lines.
FIG. 4 shows in block form a suitable arrangement for the control
of the printer. The receiver is indicated by the input arrow 65
which receives the pulse information from the transmitter 62, and
directs this information to an input shift register 67. This
register transfers the digital information into a buffer memory or
storage unit 68. In general, the digital information corresponding
to each scan is stored in the buffer memory with appropriate
signals distinguishing that information from the information for
other scans. This information is taken from the memory through an
output shift register 70 as it is needed to control the printer,
and it is transmitted through blanking control flip-flops and gate
circuits, indicated generally at 72, to provide an output on one of
the four control lines 73, 74, 75 and 76. Each of these control
lines is connected to a suitable amplifier 78 (only one shown in
FIG. 4) which in turn directs the pulses signal to the switching
units of a jet drop projector unit which is indicated generally at
80.
A printing device of the type employing four such drop generators,
designated 80a--80d, which are scanned in sequence over a web or
other suitable receiving member, is shown in FIG. 5. The web 82 is
driven through drive rollers 84 from the suitable drive means 85,
in the direction indicated by the arrow. The web is thus moved over
the locating table or support surface 87. The drop generators
80a--80d are supported on a disc or plate 90 which is in turn
carried on a rotatable shaft 91 driven from the drive means 85.
This same drive means, as shown schematically, also drives a
printer encoder 95 which provides registering or control pulses for
the system.
A detail of one of the drop generators 80a--80d and its mounting is
shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. An orifice 100 is provided in a liquid ink
supply tube 102 which is carried in an adjustable ball-type
mounting 103. This mounting is in turn positioned within a
correspondingly shaped socket 104 fastened to the disc 90. The
switching controls include a charging electrode 105, and deflecting
electrodes 107. The connection to the charging electrode is
indicated at 110, the connection to the deflection electrodes is
indicated at 112. The catcher unit 115 projects into the lower end
of the unit, in close proximity to the path or trajectory of the
drops issuing from the orifice 100. The stimulating transducer,
which stimulates the drop generator to produce drops at the desired
frequency, is indicated generally at 118, it being understood, as
shown in FIG. 5, that there are preferably separate stimulators for
each drop-generating unit.
The liquid ink supply is conducted to the individual drop
generators through flexible hoses 120a--120d which extend through
separate passages 122a--122d (FIGS. 8 and 9) inside the rotating
shaft 91 into respective ones of the rotary connectors 125a--125d.
These four connectors receive different color inks from the
respective reservoirs 127a--127d, which are supplied through pumps
128. Similarly, each of the catcher units 115 is connected into a
common return tube 130 which in turn extends through a passage 132
in the shaft to the rotary joint 135 providing an exit for the
liquid collected from the respective catcher units. A collector
tank 137 and vacuum pump 138 provide continuous suction through the
collector system. The slip rings 140 and corresponding brushes 142
provide separate electrical connectors from the amplifiers 78 (FIG.
4) for the respective charging electrodes, power supply for the
deflecting electrodes, and power supply for the high frequency
stimulators.
With reference to FIG. 6, it will be noted that the longitudinal
axes of each of the drop generator units is inclined in a rearward
direction with respect to the predominant direction of relative
movement between the receiving member or web 82 and the drop
generator. In this case, since the rotary scanning movement of the
drop generators is at a considerably higher speed than the
advancing movement of the web, the inclination of the drop
generator is provided at an angle with respect to the plane of the
disc 90 such that the drops are projected with a horizontal
velocity component which effectively cancels the velocity
contribution produced by the rotation of disc 90. As a result
thereof the drops descend in a nearly vertical trajectory.
The encoder 95 provides a source of control pulses which serve to
step the signals from the memory through the output shift register
70 and gate these switching signals to the drop generators. The
encoder preferably also controls the stimulating frequency of the
stimulating devices 118, by controlling their driving amplifier 144
(FIG. 4) at a frequency which corresponds to the scanning rate of
each drop generator across the web 82. In other words, the
frequency resulting from control by the encoder will produce drops
spaced apart such that they are deposited in adjoining positions
along an arcuate scan line on the web 82, and if drops are
permitted to deposit successively, a solid generally arcuate line
may be formed across the web. Forward motion of the web 82 is
sufficient, and is correlated through the common drive means 85, to
cause successive scans of the drop generators 80a--80d to fall
along arcuate scan lines spaced apart by a selected distance. For
example, if it is desired that the dots formed by deposited drops
should join, or slightly overlap, then the forward motion of the
web 82 between the beginnings of the succeeding scans will equal
the desired center-to-center spacing of the dots. The successive
control pulses from the encoder will provide timed gating signals
according to the center-to-center spacing desired for successive
drops from the drop generators in a single scan. Thus the digital
intelligence to the charging electrodes 105 is gated to assure
precise placement of the liquid drops along the scan lines at
predetermined coordinate positions on the web 82.
While the method herein described, and the form of apparatus for
carrying this method into effect, constitute preferred embodiments
of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not
limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that
changes may be made in either without departing from the scope of
the invention.
* * * * *