U.S. patent number 3,563,258 [Application Number 04/678,313] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-16 for disposable hermetically sealed container and method.
Invention is credited to Valentine Hechler, IV.
United States Patent |
3,563,258 |
Hechler, IV |
February 16, 1971 |
DISPOSABLE HERMETICALLY SEALED CONTAINER AND METHOD
Abstract
A one-time use container for intermittently dispensing and
storing chemicals out of contact with the air in which a container
having a one way movable bottom or follower member is subjected to
a suction for the eduction of stored fluid contents through a
backflow check valve. The movable bottom slidably engages a
cylindrical wall of a container under a sliding interface contact
ranging from a close clearance frictional fit to an interference
fit providing a radial displacement pressure strong enough to
progressively expand the container wall as it moves. The interface
contacting area is sealed against leakage of liquid and gases, and
preferably lubricated, by a highly viscous fluid that is chemically
inert to the liquid contents.
Inventors: |
Hechler, IV; Valentine
(Northfield, IL) |
Family
ID: |
24722295 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/678,313 |
Filed: |
October 26, 1967 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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545007 |
Apr 25, 1966 |
3431941 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
137/1; 137/564.5;
277/409; 277/904; 277/434; 137/101.11; 222/389 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
83/0005 (20130101); B65D 49/04 (20130101); Y10T
137/8597 (20150401); Y10S 277/904 (20130101); Y10T
137/0318 (20150401); Y10T 137/2526 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
49/04 (20060101); B65D 49/00 (20060101); B65D
83/00 (20060101); B65d 083/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/101.11,604,564.5,1
;222/386,389,394,81,82,541,387 ;92/83,159,174
;277/(Consulted),59,135 ;220/22.1,26,45,93
;239/320,321,322,337,340 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cline; William R.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCES
The present application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No.
545,007, filed Apr. 25, 1966, now Pat. No. 3,431,941, incorporated
herein by reference.
Claims
I claim:
1. A container for storing liquids out of contact with air between
occasions of dispensing them under suction action comprising:
a tubular housing member;
an outlet head at one end of the housing having an eduction passage
therethrough for suction action, said housing being open to
atmosphere at the other end when dispensing liquid;
a follower member slidably closing said other end of the tubular
housing to define a storage space and having an annular wall
portion frictionally engaging the tubular housing in guided
relationship and defining with the inner wall of the tubular
housing an interstice between the follower and housing interface
surfaces in communication with said storage space;
one of said members being made of a mildly resilient material;
and
a liquid lubricant within said interstice to seal the wall portion
against the passage of liquid contents therepast.
2. The container in accordance with claim 1 in which the lubricant
is a member of the group consisting of silicones, C.sub.1--
C.sub.10 alkyl esters of C.sub.8-- C.sub.12 organic acids,
polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene glycols, fluorohydrocarbons,
organic phosphates, organic silicates, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and
mixtures thereof.
3. The container in accordance with claim 2 in which said lubricant
is a polyalkylene oxide.
4. The container in accordance with claim 3 in which said lubricant
is a viscous mixture of water and a polyalkylene oxide.
5. The container in accordance with claim 4 in which said
polyalkylene oxide is polyethylene oxide.
6. The container defined in claim 1 in which said stored fluid is a
liquid and said lubricant comprises a viscous mixture of said
stored liquid and polyethylene oxide.
7. The combination called for in claim 1 in which said eduction
passage includes a check valve closing against the flow of liquid
from said container, and means urging said check valve under
pressure to its closed position.
8. The combination called for in claim 1 in which said outlet head
comprises an outwardly dished central portion surrounded by an
outwardly extending flange supported in sealed relationship to the
edge of said container wall.
9. A container for storing liquids out of contact with air between
occasions of dispensing them under suction action comprising:
a tubular housing member;
an outlet head at one end of the housing having an eduction passage
therethrough for suction action, said housing being open to
atmosphere at the other end when dispensing liquid;
a follower member slidably closing said other end of the tubular
housing to define a storage space and having an annular wall
portion defining with the inner wall of the tubular housing an
annular space between the follower and housing interface surfaces
in communication with said storage space, one of said members being
made of a mildly resilient material;
said annular wall including a flange internally exposed to
atmosphere inwardly of said annular space in a radial direction and
having axially spaced land elements delimiting said annular space;
and
a liquid lubricant within said annular space to seal the wall
portion against the passage of liquid contents therepast.
10. The container defined in claim 9 in which one of the land
elements is circumferentially interrupted to engage the inner wall
of said tubular housing in guided relation for receiving viscous
liquid contents therepast.
11. A container for dispensing and storing chemicals at negative
gauge pressures out of contact with air comprising:
a cylindrical extruded plastic housing member;
an outlet head at one end of the housing member having an outlet
passage therethrough, with an integrally formed reduced size valve
port at its inner end;
a check valve in said passage urged to restrict outflow through
said port and permanently secured in said passage;
a slidable follower member closing the other end of the housing and
having a flange internally exposed to atmosphere engaging the inner
wall of the cylindrical housing; and
viscous liquid means interengaging said flange and housing member
at their interface surfaces to seal them against the escape of
liquid chemicals in said housing member, at least one of said
members being made of mildly resilient nonbreakable material.
12. The container defined in claim 11 in which said flange includes
two spaced lands defining an annular chamber between them holding
said viscous liquid means.
13. The container defined in claim 11 in which said flange includes
an annular land engaging the inner wall of the cylindrical housing
member and defining an annular space between the follower and
housing and between the land and the liquid storage space for
receiving said viscous liquid means.
14. The combination called for in claim 9 in which said follower is
inwardly dished towards said outlet head to provide a cavity on one
side and a projection on the other to nest therein and displace
substantially completely the contents of said container, said
flange in part defining said cavity, and said follower yielding
slightly radially inwardly as it moves towards said outlet
head.
15. In a container for dispensing and hermetically storing liquid
chemicals the combination of:
a cylindrical housing having two openings adjacent one end; and
a follower slidably received through one of the two openings to be
disposed in said one end to define a storage space in said
container and having an annular space axially bounded by two spaced
lands defining with the wall of the container an annular chamber in
communication with the other one of said openings and sealed from
said one opening by the land remote from said storage space.
16. The combination defined in claim 15 in which the remote land
trails in the slidable movement of the follower and is in
frictional contact with the wall of the chamber under pressure,
said remote land resiliently bulging the wall at the area of
contact.
17. The combination defined in claim 16 including a viscous liquid
in said chamber received through said one of said openings to seal
said annular space against leakage from said storage space and
lubricate the interface between the trailing land and the wall of
the chamber. 18A variable volume container for dispensing and
storing liquid chemicals out of contact with air comprising a
cylindrical housing of mildly resilient nonbreakable plastic:
an outlet head closing one end of the housing and having an outlet
passage therethrough;
a bottom member follower exposed to atmosphere closing the other
end of the housing and having a flange marginally engaging and
mildly bulging the inner wall of the cylindrical housing in
frictionally sliding relation under radial contact differential
pressure, the higher one of which is atmospheric pressure; and
means for sealing the interface area between said bottom member and
the inner wall of the housing against the escape of chemical
contents from the housing including a body of viscous liquid
lubricant chemically unaffected by said chemical contents disposed
between said interface area and said chemical contents of said
housing to seal said interface area from
atmosphere as the follower advances towards said head. 19. The
combination called for in claim 18 in which said follower is of
mildly resilient plastic and the outlet head and follower are domed
outwardly in the same direction and the head includes frangible
outlet means for eduction of
liquid chemical stored in said housing. 20. The combination called
for in claim 18 in which the outlet head has an axial flange
secured in sealing relationship with said one end of the housing,
and including a bottom closure having an axial flange secured in
sealing relationship with the other end of the housing, and
frangible means for venting to atmosphere
the space between said bottom closure and follower. 21. A container
for storing liquids out of contact with air between occasions of
dispensing them under suction action comprising:
a tubular housing;
an outlet head at one end of the housing having an eduction passage
therethrough for suction action, said housing being open to
atmosphere at the other end when dispensing liquids;
a follower member slidably closing said other end of the tubular
housing to define a storage space and having an annular wall
portion defining with the inner wall of the tubular housing an
interstice between the follower and housing interface surfaces in
communication with said storage space;
a liquid lubricant within said interstice to seal the wall portion
against the passage of liquid contents therepast;
a closure for said eduction passage;
said tubular housing having a charging opening through the wall of
the housing and communicating with said interstice when said
follower is in a lowermost position; and
cover means closing said other end of said tubular housing and
said
opening. 22. A seal comprising two closely fit surfaces of mildly
flexible walls defining an area under pressure contact induced by
atmospheric pressure on opposite sides of said walls to hold said
surfaces frictionally against relative sliding movement, and a
viscose liquid in said area to lubricate and seal said sides and
exposed to atmosphere at
the edge of the pressure area. 23. The process of sealing a movable
follower in a cylindrical wall comprising moving the follower in
the cylindrical wall with frictional sliding engagement therewith
under radially directed atmospheric pressure, and bathing the
interface area between the cylindrical wall under atmospheric
pressure with a viscous liquid inert to the contents disposed on
one side of the follower and
drying where exposed to atmosphere. 24. The process of sealing a
liquid in a variable volume container comprising subjecting the
liquid to suction action slidably moving a movable container wall
portion at an interface area of contact with a remaining wall
portion to vary the volume of the container, and bathing the
interface wall portions with a viscous material in contact with the
liquid in the container upon one edge of the contact area to seal
the liquid and drying the viscous material with atmosphere upon the
other edge.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Difficulty and danger has been experienced in safeguarding, storing
and dispensing poisonous and highly reactive liquid and gaseous
chemicals to avoid undesired oxidation, release of vapors and
accidental contact with personnel, and particularly where there is
intermittent dispensing of the hazardous fluid contents from a
nonreusable storage container that is low enough in cost to be
acceptable for assured one time use and then be thrown away. Either
the opening of a conventional container exposes the contents to air
and deterioration after partial dispensing, or the conventional
containers are reusable and, in their reuse are dangerous because
they might or might not be purged. This occurs particularly if the
initial liquid was transparent or left a hazardous residue.
Moreover, if removable caps are employed, there is the likelihood
of continuing exposure of the stored liquid to the air, and to
personnel. Also, the contents can be spilled and any threads or
other securements can become contaminated or leak.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The inventive concept is to provide a variable capacity container
which is of the exact effective size at any given time for any
undispensed liquid remaining therein, and which prevents contact
with air at all times, yet when emptied cannot be reused without
critical destruction. An easily advanced movable follower bottom is
provided which is inaccessible and unretractible as more
particularly disclosed hereinafter. However, the container can be
made as a reusable container with slight modification of tooling if
packaged contents are harmless. Moreover, the container will not
break, is rugged in handling and use and, short of crushing forces,
will not leak under normal use and handling. Furthermore, the
container can be made of any one of a number of plastics, including
polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., for handling particular
chemicals and, likewise, one of several highly viscous liquids can
be used as a sealing means which will not be affected by, nor
affect the chemical packaged.
One of the objects of the invention is to store and protect
dangerous fluid chemicals around the home or garage from pets,
children, and unknowing people who might try to use or play with
them improperly or in a manner dangerous to them.
A further object of the invention is to provide a variable volume
container which is a one time use container, yet with a slight
production modification can be made to be a reusable container for
mixing, storing and dispensing a wide range of chemicals.
The invention is characterized by a structural arrangement in which
no mechanical device nor higher air pressure can be received inside
the container without virtual destruction of the container for
hermetic storage and dispensing operations.
The invention also contemplates a one time use fluid chemical
storage and dispensing device from which no residual or vagrant
liquid can be extracted after the supply has been exhausted and the
device discarded.
Other objects of the invention is to provide a hermetically sealed
container for storing and dispensing chemicals intermittently,
which is inexpensive to manufacture, fill, and use, and is of great
longevity and remains fully filled with any amount stored
therein.
Another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of sizes
of hermetically sealed containers which will receive and store any
fractional quantity of their maximum capacity out of contact with
air at environmental or atmospheric pressure at all times.
A further object resides in the ability of the container to
dispense under suction a continuously hermetically sealed liquid
from a substantially rigid container under negative gauge pressures
whether induced by a pump or hydrostatic head.
The invention further provides a container whose storage space is
liquid-solid at all times and under all conditions from the time it
is charged until the time it is empty and is self-compensating
under temperature variations.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved sealing
relationship between relative slidable elements at their interface
area which includes a body of viscous fluid wetting, lubricating
and sealing the surfaces of both elements in advance of a
mechanically significant sliding engagement.
The invention is further characterized by a sealing element between
two slidingly engaging surfaces which contacts every irregularity
in the interface areas including the microgrooves and ribs left by
surface finishing operations.
The invention further provides a viscous fluid containing long
chain molecules between slidably engaging surfaces in a
hermetically sealed variable capacity container to seal and resist
displacement under pressure changes as high as 15 pounds per square
inch across the interface area.
These being among the objects of the invention other and further
objects will become apparent from the description and the drawings
relating thereto in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the device embodying the invention
as used by way of example for horticultural purposes.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view, partly in cross
section, of a fluid container embodying the invention as formed of
an extended cylindrical housing.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged section of portions of the upper two parts in
preassembly form and position.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged section of the seal area of the container
with the cooperating parts in their viscous seal receiving
position.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged section of portions of the lower two parts in
preassembly form and position.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged section through the upper nozzle after the
valve is inserted and before it is heat sealed as shown in FIG.
2.
Fig. 7 is a section through another embodiment of the head
construction shown in FIG. 2,
Fig. 8 is an enlarged section of the follower seal area of the
container showing a modification of the structure shown in FIGS. 2
and 4, and
Figs. 9a and 9b are illustrative views of the container shown in
FIG. 2 for purposes of explaining significant fluid dynamics of the
invention.
Although this invention is described by way of example in
connection with the horticultural aid for home owners who are
unskilled in handling chemicals for application of solutions to
plants for broad leaf herbicides and other benefits such as control
of pests, it is not limited thereto and has many other uses in
home, agriculture, parks, laboratories and industry where the
container can be set on shelves or laid in racks as well as on the
ground or a table.
The container of this invention can also be used where asceptic
conditions are required and where it is desirable to withdraw
liquid from the container by gravity, hydrostatic vacuum, or
mechanically induced suction throughout the negative gauge pressure
range evidenced by a pressure differential across the wall of the
container. Any tendency to create an excessive negative gauge
pressure therein is obviated by movement of the follower member
within the container as the liquid is depleted. A feature of this
invention is the provision of means to supply vapor-free liquids,
mixtures and solutions at atmospheric pressure from vapor-free
portable storage and dispensing containers which can be carried,
set at any level with respect to a work area and disposed in any
gravitational orientation or desired location.
Referring to FIG. 1 the container of this invention is illustrated
at 10 as connected by means of a tube 11 to a mixing device 13 to
supply under suction a chemical for mixture therein with water that
is supplied thereto through a hose 17 from a spigot 19 of the water
supply system of a house 21. The mixture passes from the device 13
under pressure through hose 23 to a nozzle 25 equipped with a spray
control 27. The spray 29 thus provided is accurately proportioned,
uniform in concentration and easily applied. The mixing device 13
and the container 10 are portable and can be located next to the
nozzle 25 or at the spigot. Moreover, the container 10 can be
secured directly to the mixing device to provide a unitary assembly
if desired, or it can be carried on a person's shoulder by a sling
involving two hook elements 15 at opposite ends as shown.
Referring now to FIG. 2 in further detail, the container 10 is made
up of an extruded cylindrical housing element 12 preferably of a
translucent material having a diameter approximately 25 percent to
33 percent of its height, and provided with at least one hole 14
located quite close to the bottom end 16. The element 12 comprises
a section of a longer extruded tube which is drawn and vacuum
formed in an external die or sizing sleeve and held to a
predetermined internal diameter at the end of the extrusion
process. The elements are cut from the longer extruded lengths and
deburred at the inside edges by chamfering at 18 (FIGS. 3 and 4)
either by reaming or by application of a heated cone if desirable.
.Any tool marks that might be left upon the internal surface are
minute and are disposed longitudinally. Typically, the size is held
within .+-..005 inch in a 4 -inch diameter tube to receive therein
two elements and a slidable bottom member between them in
telescopic relationship.
The slidable bottom herein referred to as the follower 20 is
preferably formed of a color coded material and has a head portion
22 that is slightly domed either conically, or spherically, as at
24 on one side with an annular axially extending flange 26 on the
other side. The flange is provided with a shallow circumferential
groove or recess 28 in the external face thereof bounded by upper
and lower lands 30 and 32, respectively. Preferably the follower 20
is one of two identical members formed integrally and severed as
the lands are lathe-trimmed to tolerance diameters in which the
upper land, whether continuous or castellated, is within the range
of slightly oversize to slightly undersize with respect to the
housing diameter but not more than a few thousandths of an inch
undersize, and the lower land is oversize with interference
tolerances by as much as .020 inch on the radius and relieved on
the inner edge as at 33 (FIGS. 2 and 3) to the inside diameter of
the housing for an insertion starting clearance. If there are any
machining marks remaining on the land surfaces after machining they
are circumferential and disposed crosswise to the markings on the
inner surface of the housing. Although acceptable, a high polish on
these surfaces is not required but desirable.
The follower 20 is introduced through the mild chamfer 18 of the
bottom edge of the housing and advanced until the lower flange 32
is just within the housing. In this preliminary position (FIG. 4)
the hole 14 is in communication with the groove or channel 28
whereupon a gun (not shown) is applied to the hole 14 and the
channel is filled under pressure with a viscous sealing liquid 31,
later described, while the air displaced thereby in the channel
escapes through the dry interfaces ahead of it. The pressure
filling is stopped when the band of the sealing material 31 is
complete as seen through the translucent material of the housing.
Thereafter the follower is pushed upwardly beyond the holes 14 and
the bottom closure element 34 is applied.
As viewed in FIG. 2 the bottom closure element 34 is vacuum formed
from plastic sheet stock, is likewise domed as at 36, and below its
apex 37 is exteriorly supplied with a frangible nipple 38 that is
to be ruptured preliminary to dispensing to admit air to the space
between it and the follower 20 when the container is unpacked and
readied for dispensing operations.
As seen in FIG. 5 the annular downwardly extending flange 40 of the
bottom closure is preferably flared radially outwardly slightly to
provide a pressure fit when it is pushed into place in the bottom
of the housing 12 to the point where the housing and flange edges
16 and 41 are substantially coextensive. The bottom closure in its
insertion and location carries the follower member 20 upwardly
leaving behind a very thin coating of viscous sealant below it over
a portion of the interface between the closure flange 40 and the
housing wall 12. Thereafter the flange and housing wall are either
tacked together by heat fusion at points 39, or, continuously all
the way around the circumference of the housing and flange. Any
interface points not tacked, are sealed by the sealer coating
mentioned left there as the follower was moved upwardly.
The closure of the upper end can be accomplished by a head member
constructed in several ways, either as an integral part of an open
bottom body that is blow or injection molded or a vacuum formed
separate member inserted and fused in place. In any of these a
valved conduit is provided which is fused shut at the tip after
filling to provide a frangible nipple that can be cut away for
dispensing operations.
Considering the head shown in FIG. 2 which is formed separately and
applied, a vacuum formed closure member 42 that is applied
comprises a like-domed portion 44 having a bordering flange 46
flared moderately upward and outwardly for a tight fit in the upper
end 47 of the cylindrical housing 12 where it is marginally heat
sealed permanently in place at the interface edge portions 49 of
the flange 46 and the housing.
At the apex 45 of the dome a nipple is integrally formed with the
outer end open or trimmed to leave a tubular element 55 (FIG. 2)
having a passage of predetermined inside diameter to receive an
injection molded nipple 48. The nipple has a tapered outer wall
shaped to provide a dispensing tube 50 and an external flange 53.
Internally thereof a cylindrical inner wall is provided defining a
passage 51 to terminate upon the inner surface of the dome in a
radial flange 52 defining a valve seat 54 and a reduced valve port
56.
A ball check member 58 is provided in the passage 51 and a coiled
compression spring 57 is inserted having its upper turns enlarged
slightly to frictionally engage the walls of the passage 51. The
compression spring 57 is compressed a predetermined distance to
establish a pressure that preferably requires approximately a 2
p.s.i. differential to open the valve in the embodiment being
described.
With the head 42 in place and the tubular element 55 open the
container is ready for filling and in this form can be sent along
with the loose nipple to the packager. The container is then filled
to a level a predetermined distance below the apex 45, the nipple
is inserted and the flange 53 heat-fused to the end of the tube.
Vacuum is then applied to the liquid level therein to advance it to
the valve port 56. This step tests and indicates the operativeness
of the follower 20 and places a slight packaging vacuum on the seal
31 and contents. Thereafter, a heated element engages the upper end
of the tubular element 55 to reduce the diameter of the passage
above the spring and seal it closed with a frangible tip 49 that
can be cut away when liquid is to be dispensed from the
container.
In FIG. 7 a modification is shown in which a wide mouth passage 51a
is provided in the closure member 42a which provides sufficient
access to move the follower 28a downwardly for repeated uses as
where the packaged contents themselves might be viscous
liquids.
A snap-on closure can be provided to close the opening 51a it being
appreciated that its sealing relation is augmented by vacuum
conditions induced inside the container, but preferably a cap 64 is
threaded as at 66 onto a flange 48a defining the opening 51a, and
the cap in turn carries the suction nipple or tubular element 48
for the purposes already described. Filling the container can be
accomplished through the opening 51a by removing the cap 64 when
the container is emptied and the follower returned to its lower
limit either mechanically or by the pressure of the refilling
liquid forcing the follower downwardly. In this particular
embodiment the top of the follower 20a can either be modified as
indicated at 66 (FIG. 7), or the lower contour of the closure cap
42a changed to be conical or domed to the contour shown in FIG. 2
so that complete nesting and emptying of the container can be
accomplished in either case. It is to be observed that in either
instance a catch area for any spillage of dangerous concentrates is
provided around the education nozzle where it is safely held until
harmlessly washed away or removed.
In operation, when a dispensing device such as shown in said patent
application and FIG. 1 is attached to the nipple after the tip 49
is removed, suction can be applied to the nipple strong enough to
open and withdraw liquid past the valve. The frangible portion 38
on the bottom closure 34 is perforated to admit air and the
dispensing device is turned on. Liquid will be withdrawn and the
follower 20 will move upwardly with the viscous sealing material 31
being applied to the inner wall of the container and wiped by the
lower flange 32 as it expands the wall of the container outwardly
as shown at 62. This enlarged portion travels upwardly with the
follower 20, the wall yielding outwardly above the flange and
recovering essentially its normal diameter after the flange has
past.
Considering now the dynamic balance of the embodiment when disposed
upright as shown in FIG. 9a and when inverted as shown in FIG. 9b,
and assuming the velocity of the follower is low, the forces acting
down equal the forces acting up.
For FIG. 9a:
1. (p.sub.i A + f + W) = p.sub.a A or,
2. (p.sub.eA + whA) = p.sub.i A or,
Similarly for FIG. 9b:
2.
or, in general for any case:
where, k = (+1) for FIG. 9a and (- 1) for FIG. 9b and (0) for
instances where the container lies on its side.
From these equations it can be stated that the pressure (p.sub.i)
on the inside surface of the follower is always less than
atmospheric (p.sub.a) in FIG. 9 a or in the case where the
container is on its side, and is less than atmospheric in FIG. 9b,
providing the weight (W) of the follower is no greater than that
required to overcome its frictional drag (f). It is this singular
aspect of p.sub.i that is distinctive of embodiments of the
invention.
It should be noted that even if the weight (W) of the follower be
greater than the frictional drag, such as might be desired for a
self-emptying container, i.e., no external suction (p.sub.e)
applied, when set upright the pressure on the inside surface of the
follower will be less than atmospheric provided backflow into the
container is prevented, irrespective of the height (h) of the
liquid above it, as by a valve (FIG. 9a without flow). In the
absence of such restriction the follower would just fall downward
under (W) and (h) factors.
In most applications the frictional drag exceeds the follower
weight on account of the sealing process. Thus, in the static
condition a restriction preventing backflow into the container is
desirable only when the container is upright, FIG. 9a, and if the
weight of the fluid (h) acting downward on the follower exceeds the
frictional drag (f). However, such restriction may still be
required to prevent unwanted movement of the follower under jarring
or shaking forces. Under the action of such forces, the development
of pressure less than atmospheric pressure acting on the inside
surface of the follower prevents movement.
Significant considerations indicate that the follower:
l. Is moved in essence by atmospheric pressure with only its own
weight possibly aiding such movement;
2. The pressure against which it moves is less than atmospheric
pressure with the only exception being when the container is
inverted and if then the weight of the follower exceeds its
frictional drag;
3. No mechanical linkages or members extend to the outside to
actuate, or are actuated by, the follower;
4. The energy it consumes in its movement is created by the suction
force supplied to the liquid-- thus, the term "follower."
Assuming that only a part of the liquid is dispensed and the
container is to be stored for a length of time, the hose 11 is
dismantled and the container 20 is set upright on a shelf. Due to
the closed valve and weight of the liquid therebelow, the pressure
at the top of the liquid will be subatmospheric, if there is any
differential at the valve, and the pressure at the seal 31 will be
the weight of the liquid above it. Under this resting condition
this pressure is applied against the viscous material and is
effective between the follower 20 and container 12 above the lower
land, urging the sealing material jointly against the lower land
and the container wall, thereby inhibiting any downward leakage of
liquid through the sealing material. Nor will the follower 20
retract since the hydrostatic weight to move it downwardly in the
enlarged portion 62 is always less than the vacuum pressure that is
required to draw it upwardly to shift the enlargement, which
pressure differential reflects the pressure setting of the
valve.
Setting the container down hard on the shelf only closes the valve
more forcefully, while backflow under pressure is obstructed by the
check action of the valve 58. Moreover, downward pressure on the
dome 24 of the follower 20 urges an increase in diameter of the
upper land 30 and thereby tends to tighten it against the sidewall
of the container. On the other hand, in the event the follower 20
tends to stick on its upward movement, the dome 24 is arched more
tending to reduce the effective diameter and the friction of the
upper land on the sidewall. The dome, by flexing, enables
continuous dispensing even though the follower 20 may move by small
increments.
Once the movable bottom has reached the closure head, their nesting
relation will empty the container and the follower will be located
at the top where it is inaccessible to physical or hydraulic
movement without destroying the container by cutting off the top
head portion. However, once the head portion is removed, even
though the follower can then be forced downwardly, the follower
serves as nothing more than a permanent bottom thereafter and the
container as a cup. Thus, a safe one-time-use sealed container is
provided. Furthermore, even if badly mistreated, any residual
liquid below the follower will be most difficult to drain and cause
damage because the opening at 38 is at the apex of the dome 36.
Considering the dynamic fluid sealant, the practicableness of the
follower concept rests upon the ability to obtain an air and fluid
tight seal between the follower and the inside wall of the
container-- a seal that will remain tight over a period of possibly
years-- without developing frictional forces that prevent movement
of the follower when desired.
Theoretically, an absolutely smooth and perfectly round peripheral
surface on the follower will naturally form a perfect seal when
mated with zero clearance at the interface area with a cylindrical
wall having similar characteristics. However, in practice a certain
amount of surface roughness and irregularity can be expected, and
practical tolerances make zero clearance impossible of achievement.
Consequently, there will always be interstices at the interface
such as gaps, streaks, voids, scratches and other means permitting
fluid passage between the two mating parts.
Materials having nearly perfect elastic properties, i.e.,
elastomers, could be used to fill in such voids under some
conditions, but such materials and elements are expensive, costly
to shape and constitute additional elements to assemble. Moreover,
they are prone to chemical attack, and can provide excessive
frictional contact. The sealant embodiment of the present invention
fills and follows the contours of all interstices and can be
infinitely controlled for optimum results by varying the viscosity
of a liquid:
1. For a given leakage configuration between the follower and
cylindrical wall, leakage will be reduced as the viscosity of the
fluid is increased.
2. If the viscous fluid possesses an agent which forms a film upon
drying, a surface film will form where the fluid comes in contact
with air as it tends to leak out, thus preventing further leakage,
providing the flow is reduced sufficiently through viscous action
to allow sufficient time for the film formation.
As an example, consider the case of a cylindrical container having
an inside diameter (D) of 4 inches with a mating cylindrical
follower having a diameter .004 inches less and a length (L) of 1
inch. The radial clearance (C) is thus .002 inches. Assuming water
is the fluid contained above the follower; that there is one foot
of height (h) in the container; and, that there is no vacuum above
it. Water has:
w, the spec. weight = 62.4 (lbs./ft..sup.3)
Thus, the leakage will be: ##SPC1##
The addition of a thickener to the water which will increase its
viscosity 100,000 times as great is then made. With this viscosity
the leakage will be greatly reduced:
Actually, on account of point (2), supra, this leakage would not
exist because a surface film would have formed and dried shortly
after leakage had been initiated, such as by having filled the
container. On the other hand, maintaining a clearance of .002 inch
over the length of follower travel would be practically impossible
and utilizing a fluid of such viscosity would almost certainly be
impractical. Thus, an even smaller clearance is required with the
result that there preferably will be some mechanical interference,
the degree depending on the manufacturing process and manufacturing
tolerances. By eliminating the thickener from the contained fluid
and instead placing it in an isolated ring around the periphery of
the follower, the desirable properties of the dynamic fluid seal
may be retained without contaminating the fluid contained.
The leakage paths present with an interference fit consist of a
number of isolated and disconnected individual interstices, paths,
such as scratches, and individually can be better represented
by:
where d is the mean diameter of the path. This indicates that the
leakage varies inversely with the first power of viscosity similar
to the film leakage formula set forth above.
Such a viscous fluid may be of the viscosity of honey or grease and
is made either of a material selected for its optimum inertness
with respect to the liquid stored in one-time-use containers, or a
solution of the liquid stored protected, of course, against
oxidation and biodegradation, if necessary, in containers for
repeated use. Silicone compounds may be used or a long-chain
polymer additive such as, by way of example, the polyethylene oxide
which is marketed as Polyox 301 by Union Carbide Chemical Co. and
has a molecular weight of 5 .times. 10.sup.-6 . It is used in a
finely divided powder mixed in aqueous solution and injected into
the channel 31, it being noted that any cross-marking of the
interface surfaces of the lands 32 and the housing assure the
admission and retention of the sealant over the entire interface
with the interface engagement constituting minute ribs sliding
crosswise upon each other. When the polymer hydrates to form the
viscous sealing material the viscolastic polymers establish
themselves as having a long ropelike configuration. The long chain
molecules then striate in the direction of follower movement and,
as additive advantages are not only difficult to dislodge but wet
and lubricate the interface area. Any stored liquid contacting the
viscous mixture merely dilutes the upper edge of the seal 31 as it
recedes slightly during dispensing operations with some remaining
on the increasing expanse of wall of the container below the
follower. In this connection it should be noted that the
interfacial interference and friction between the land 32 and
container wall can be varied for ease of movement of the follower
if desired.
Other than a packaged viscous liquid being used as its own sealant
along with an interrupted upper land 30, there can be used with an
uninterrupted land 30 any stable liquid as a sealant having
viscosity and lubricity properties sufficient to lubricate and seal
the moving parts of the container of this invention. Liquids of
natural or synthetic origin having viscosities in the range of
about 100 to 1000 or more SUS at 100.degree. F. may be used.
Examples of synthetic lubricants that are preferred because of
their lubricity stabilities, oxidation resistance and related
properties are silicones, C.sub.1-- C.sub.10 aliphatic esters and
di-esters of C.sub.8 -- C.sub.12 organic acids (octyl sebacates),
polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene glycols, hydroxy ethyl cellulose,
fluorohydrocarbons, organic phosphates, and organic silicates.
The axial width of the flange 26 may be varied but it is preferred
that it be approximately one-fourth of the diameter of the movable
bottom so that cocking in its movement may be prevented.
Although the two spaced lands 30 and 32 are shown which orient and
delimit the expanse of the sealing material 31, as already
described, it is to be noted that the land 30 is essentially a
guide land and once a viscous sealant is in place, its main
function is to guide the follower if the container is upright. The
upper land 30 is shown interrupted in FIG. 4 for purposes of
further explaining the availability of the container for repeated
use in conjunction with the closure member 42a shown in FIG. 7
where the dispensing nozzle 50 of FIG. 2 is provided on the cap
removably covering a large access opening 51a in the closure member
where a viscous liquid is being dispensed. The containers with the
head closure member 42a are sold separately with instructions or
shipped empty to the packager and the viscous liquid can be filled
through the opening 51a (FIG. 7) and the closure 42a applied.
It will be noted that with contrast of the coloring or opaqueness
of the liquid contents, the amount of liquid remaining in the
container can be read on the container scale 68 against the
meniscus effect at 70 of the upper edge of the land 30 of the color
coded follower which is accentuated by the solid width of the color
coded sealing material 31 therebelow as seen through the wall of
the container 12.
Furthermore, it is to be noted that with the viscous liquid sealant
sealing the interface between the movable bottom and the wall of
the container, the interference dimensions of the lands with the
wall of the container can be relaxed to the point of clearance as
already suggested and the closing pressure of the valve spring can
also be relaxed or even eliminated, for dispensing at a less
eduction vacuum pressure on the liquid contents. It is appreciated
that the container can be laid on its side in a rack and also be
inverted in which the tube 11 may be depending and its length
extending below the bottom of the liquid contents will supply a
hydrostatic vacuum to drain or siphon the contents from the
container. The siphoning can be controlled with a pinch clamp or
cock valve, or other manually controlled valve, applied to the
depending eduction tube in a conventional way.
Thus, the container and dispensing conditions for dangerous liquids
can be tailored to the experience or lack of experience of the
expected user, for home, laboratory, or industry, either as a
one-time-use "throw away" container, or for repeated use.
Although only one land can be used if the follower is otherwise
held normal to the axis as it advances, the axial width of the land
or lands 30 or 32 is essentially only of mechanical significance.
Because of controlled viscosity their sealing effect is effective
whether they were very narrow or quite wide. Any fluid getting past
the upper guide or land is obstructed by sealant at the lower land,
and the reverse would be true if the follower were to be used on a
reusable basis with an upper land 30. In brief, any seepage into
the sealant is trapped in the sealant before it reaches the other
land.
The term suction action is intended to include any form of
continuous or intermittent suction or withdrawal force such as a
vacuum, gravity flow or a siphoning action exerted against the
contents of the container. The suction preferably operates to
assist in preserving sealant interface contact with the container
when the container is made of mildly resilient nonbreakable
material. This provides a pronounced resilient interface pressure
effect resulting in either a bulge at the scaling land, if the wall
of the container is thin enough to be resilient, or a depression of
the land 30 if the wall is unyielding, or both.
Having thus set forth the objects and described a preferred
embodiment of the invention and several modifications with their
novel arrangement of parts and results attained, it will be seen
how the stated objects are attained, particularly in the safe
handling of chemicals by users of varying experience.
* * * * *