U.S. patent number 3,563,229 [Application Number 04/678,107] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-16 for cardiac sound simulator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson. Invention is credited to Erling Olav Valdemar Petrusson.
United States Patent |
3,563,229 |
Petrusson |
February 16, 1971 |
CARDIAC SOUND SIMULATOR
Abstract
Incorporated within a toy is a cardiac sound simulator. The
simulator comprises a pulse generator which generates pulses in
pairs. The time between the pulses in each pair being less than the
time between pairs and the two pulses of a pair having different
time durations. The pulses are fed to a loudspeaker which converts
the pulses to a sound having the rhythm of a heartbeat.
Inventors: |
Petrusson; Erling Olav Valdemar
(Uppsala, SW) |
Assignee: |
Telefonaktiebolaget L M
Ericsson (Stockholm, SW)
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Family
ID: |
20299582 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/678,107 |
Filed: |
October 25, 1967 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Oct 27, 1966 [SW] |
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14742/66 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
600/28; 331/113R;
446/295 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
21/00 (20130101); H03K 3/2823 (20130101); A61B
5/319 (20210101); A63H 3/003 (20130101); A63H
3/001 (20130101); A61M 2021/0061 (20130101); A61M
2021/0027 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/0402 (20060101); A61M 21/00 (20060101); A63H
3/00 (20060101); H03K 3/00 (20060101); H03K
3/282 (20060101); A61b 019/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/1,1.03 ;119/1
;46/232 ;331/113 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
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255,790 |
|
Nov 1962 |
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AU |
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1,302,277 |
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Jul 1962 |
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FR |
|
1,030,980 |
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May 1966 |
|
GB |
|
Other References
Fairchild publication - 1960 331-113 .
Garner - Popular Electronics, Vol 22, -2 Feb. 1965 pg. 78 331-113
.
Hoppe - EEE - Circuit Design Engr. Feb. 1967 pp 147-148
331-113.
|
Primary Examiner: Truluck; Dalton L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A toy comprising:
at least a body portion;
a sound generator within said body portion; said sound generator
comprising pulse generating means for periodically generating pairs
of electrical pulses, wherein the first occurring pulse of each
pair has a shorter time duration than the second occurring pulse of
said pair and the time between pulses of each pair being less than
the time between adjacent pairs of pulses;
said pulse generating means comprising a free-running astable and
asymmetrical multivibrator having first and second outputs wherein
said first output transmits a first train of pulses having a given
time duration and said second output transmits a second train of
pulses, complementary to said first train of pulses, and having a
time duration greater than said given time duration;
a univibrator having first and second inputs connected to said
first and second outputs, respectively, of said multivibrator for
receiving said first and second trains of pulses simultaneously,
said univibrator generating a pulse in response to each received
pulse, the duration of each generated pulse being equal to the time
between the leading edge of a received pulse and a particular point
on the trailing edge of said received pulse; and
transducer means receiving said electrical pulses for emitting
sounds occurring at the leading and trailing edges of said pulses
so that the sounds occurring in response to one pulse of the pair
are heard as a sound with a first tone and the sounds occurring in
response to the other pulse of the pair are heard as a sound with a
second tone different from said first tone.
2. The toy of claim 1 wherein the pulses of said first and second
trains of pulses have a sawtooth shape and the pulses generated by
said univibrator have durations equal to the time between one of
the edges of a received pulse and the time when the other edge of
said received pulse has a given signal level so that the pulses
generated by said univibrator in response to the received first
train of pulses have a different time duration than the pulses
generated by said univibrator in response to the received second
train of pulses.
3. The toy of claim 2 wherein said transducer means comprises an
amplifier having a high input impedance and a low output impedance,
a loudspeaker connected to the output of said amplifier and means
for connecting the input of said amplifier to the output of said
univibrator.
Description
The present invention relates to a toy in which is built in a
double pulse generator for producing cardiac sounds (heart
sounds).
It is known that a child can perceive sounds from a heart and also
can distinguish nuances. A certain cardiac sound (very likely with
a low frequency) acts soothingly. About this L & M Milne writes
the following on page 46 of the book: "The Senses of Animals and
Men."
"Does a human baby listen to its mother before birth Recently,
linguists have wondered about the lub-dupp, lub-dupp, lub-dupp from
the mother's heartbeat. Primitive languages are full of
repeat-syllabled words, comparable to familiar baby talk: da-da,
ma-ma, gee-gee. Perhaps we are born with a strong preference for
sounds in pairs, imitating the comforting sequence heard in the
womb.
When you come to think about it, you realize that in most human
societies a baby has a chance to listen to its mother's heart after
birth too. She holds the child in her arms with its ear pressed
against her chest, or she protects it under her blanket on her
back, with its ear flattened against her skin between her shoulder
blades. Surely the baby can hear as well as a doctor with a
stethoscope cupped against these areas. We may yet discover an
importance for a mother's heart sounds in the normal development of
the child.
The soft lub-dupp, lub-dupp of a relaxed mother's heartbeat was
played recently over the loudspeaker system into a nursery room
full of newborn babies. Outside the big picture window, a hospital
technician with a clipboard kept a tally on the youngsters in the
bassinets. Most of them soon went off to sleep. The rest appeared
reasonably contented. The recording stopped. Within a few seconds a
good many babies woke up; some began to cry. Then a new record was
played: the rapid heartbeat from an excited woman. The sound was no
louder, but all of the sleeping babies awoke immediately. Every
infant grew tense, as though in fear. When the first recording was
played again peace spread through the nursery. Are its mother's
heartbeat sounds a baby's first mood music "
An object of the invention is to provide an arrangement that can be
used for purely medical purposes and for making toys more lifelike
whereby a toy provided with the arrangement can be used for medical
purposes.
The invention will be described below with reference to the
accompanying drawing on which FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a sound
generator, FIG. 2a is a circuit diagram of such a generator, FIG.
2b is a diagram of the voltages V.sub.1--V.sub.4 as a function of
time and said generator, and FIG. 3 shows the generator mounted in
a doll.
The cardiac sound simulator consists of a double-pulse generator
which runs a miniature load speaker, and is intended to be mounted
in dolls, animals and similar toys.
As appears from the introduction, investigations have been made
which prove that there is a connection between external heart
sounds and the mental condition of small children. Thus it has been
found that when a child listens to calm heart sounds, it will be
comfortable in its mind and falls asleep while the child wakes up
showing obvious signs of anxiety if the heart sound grows louder or
is more rapid.
By mounting a simulator according to the present invention in the
toy animal or in the doll that the child is in the habit of having
in bed, the result can be achieved that a child having difficulty
in relaxing will listen to the regularly beating heart of the doll
and thanks to that it will be appeased and falls asleep.
Besides that the simulator possesses certain soothing properties,
it gives also the toy in which it is mounted an illusion of life,
which in its turn makes the toy in question more attractive.
The frequency spectrum can be varied because the duration of the
two pulses and the duration of the intermediate spaces can be
varied within wide limits. These periods are determined by time
constants (RC) in the generator. Thanks to the design of the
transistor the wear and tear is small and the consumption of
current will be low. A prototype with the following periods (see
FIG. 2) has been built: T.sub.1 = 0,12 s, T.sub.2 = 1s, T.sub.3 = 3
ms, T.sub.4 = 10 ms. A decrease of the operating voltage from 4.5
v. to 3 v. did not change the frequency audibly. When adjusting the
sound intensity so that it was comparable to the ticking of an
alarm clock, the consumption of current was about 2ma.
The block diagram of FIG. 1 shows the principle of the
construction. The voltage unit is composed of a flashlight battery.
An oscillator consisting of an astable multivibrator delivers 2
pulses per period. The pulses start with a transient and are turned
into an exponential function. The pulses give sounds, substantially
at the time of the transient. The exponential function is long and
would demand a very great effective power if this should run the
loud speaker. The power that can be converted into sound, is small.
The pulse may therefore first pass to a pulse former of the
univibrator type. For each transient appearing on one of the inputs
of the univibrator, a short square pulse is delivered on the
output. The square pulses are amplified in an output stage of a
Darlington circuit and pass through the sound control to the loud
speaker where they are transformed into sound.
FIG. 2a shows an example of a circuit diagram, and FIG. 2b the
waveforms of the voltages at four different points in the circuit.
The pulses from the astable multivibrator are selected on the bases
of the transistors. They are reproduced in the diagrams V.sub.1 = f
(t) and V.sub.2 = f (t). The periods T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are
determined by the time constants R.sub.1, C.sub.1 and R.sub.2,
C.sub.2 respectively. The negative transients trigger the
univibrator. In this case the transistor current will be
interrupted for a time (T.sub.3 or T.sub.4) determined by
C.sub.3,C.sub.4 and R.sub.3. During this time the collector voltage
V.sub.3 will rise. This generates a positive pulse which passes to
the Darlington circuit. This circuit has a high input impedance and
a low output impedance. The voltage amplification is less than 1
(see V.sub.4 = f (t), but because of the high current amplification
the power amplification will also be high. The potentiometer
connected in series with the loud speaker serves as volume
control.
Other embodiments than that one described here can be regarded. The
generator can be built very much simpler and in a smaller size but
the price will then be higher. For example, a unijunction
transistor can be used in the oscillator and a tunnel diode in the
pulse former. Integrated circuits can also be considered. Button
cells can replace the flashlight battery.
As a modification of the invention a crystal loud speaker is used
instead of a loud speaker of the dynamic type, which is the case in
the embodiment described above. By using a crystal loudspeaker the
loading effect can be decreased to approximately one-fiftieth in
comparison with dynamic loud speakers. A crystal loudspeaker has,
however, a somewhat inferior sound quality, which in this case is
of no importance.
In order to make it possible to use crystal loud speakers the
circuit must be changed for example in the following manner: (See
FIG. 2a). The univibrator, the Darlington circuit and the dynamic
loud speaker are omitted. The crystal loud speaker is connected to
the collectors of the transistors in the astable multivibrator.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 the sound
generator is built into a doll. A voltage source 1 supplies voltage
through a switch 2, enabling the generator 3 to be connected or
disconnected to the voltage source 1 (battery). The sound pulses
are produced in a loud speaker 4.
* * * * *