U.S. patent number 3,562,419 [Application Number 04/692,566] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-09 for inspection method and apparatus for track alignment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Canada Iron Foundries, Limited. Invention is credited to John Kenneth Stewart, Helmut R. E. VonBeckman.
United States Patent |
3,562,419 |
Stewart , et al. |
February 9, 1971 |
INSPECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRACK ALIGNMENT
Abstract
An inspection method and apparatus for observing the
instantaneous horizontal and vertical alignment of a railroad track
by optically comparing scales on a subframe of the vehicle which is
referenced to and follows the longitudinal contours of the track
with a datum line extending longitudinally of the track and
providing on a single screen, preferably a television screen, a
pictorial representation, which may be recorded on tape for
reproduction, of the track vertical and horizontal alignment
condition, and also in a preferred embodiment, the gauge condition
or tie plate or rail anchor and tie condition.
Inventors: |
Stewart; John Kenneth
(Columbia, SC), VonBeckman; Helmut R. E. (Columbia, SC) |
Assignee: |
Canada Iron Foundries, Limited
(Montreal, Quebec, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
24781088 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/692,566 |
Filed: |
December 21, 1967 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
348/135;
33/287 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B61K
9/08 (20130101); E01B 35/00 (20130101); E01B
2203/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B61K
9/08 (20060101); E01B 35/00 (20060101); B61K
9/00 (20060101); E01b 029/04 (); E01b 035/00 ();
H04n 007/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;33/60 ;178/6IND |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Murray; Richard
Assistant Examiner: Britton; Howard W.
Claims
We claim:
1. A system for observing the horizontal and vertical alignment of
a railroad track comprising a track-travelling vehicle; datum
providing means for the track; a subframe connected to the vehicle,
adapted to ride on the rail and referenced thereto; horizontal and
vertical scale means on the subframe; and optical means for
providing on a single screen means a comparative picture of the
instantaneous horizontal and vertical alignment of the horizontal
and vertical scale means relative to the datum, whereby to provide
a picture of the instantaneous horizontal and vertical alignment of
the track.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the optical means
includes a television camera; and wherein the datum is provided by
mounting the camera on a long track-travelling frame and providing
a hairline reference longitudinally extending of the track in the
camera optical screen.
3. A system for observing the horizontal and vertical alignment of
a railroad track comprising a track-travelling vehicle; datum wire
means extending longitudinally of the track; a subframe connected
to the vehicle, adapted to ride on the rail and referenced thereto;
horizontal and vertical scale means on the subframe; and optical
means for providing on a single screen a comparative picture of the
instantaneous horizontal and vertical alignment of the horizontal
and vertical scale means relative to the datum wire means, whereby
to provide a picture of the instantaneous horizontal and vertical
alignment of the track.
4. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein the optical means includes a
television camera and wherein the screen is a television
screen.
5. A system as claimed in claim 3 in which the datum wire means
comprises two datum wires extending longitudinally of the track one
adjacent each rail, the subframe being referenced to the track; and
in which the horizontal and vertical scale means comprise
horizontal and vertical scales for the grade rail and for the other
rail; the optical means providing on said single screen a
comparative picture of the instantaneous horizontal and vertical
alignment of each of the horizontal and vertical scales relative to
its appropriate datum wire.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 in which the subframe is in two
sections telescoped one to the other transversely of the track,
scale means being provided on one section and marker means being
provided on the other section whereby to provide, by comparison of
marker and scale, the instantaneous gauge condition of the
track.
7. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein the datum wire means is attached
to the track-travelling vehicle and moves therewith.
8. A system as claimed in claim 7 in which the track-travelling
vehicle has separate carriages mechanically connected together.
9. A system as claimed in claim 3 in which the datum wire means
comprises a single wire and in which the horizontal and vertical
scale means comprise horizontal and vertical scales for the grade
and for the other rail; said optical means providing on said single
screen a comparative picture of the instantaneous horizontal and
vertical alignment of both horizontal and both vertical scales
relative to the datum wire.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein the datum wire is
located substantially centrally of the track.
11. A system as in claim 12 wherein indicator means is provided in
the horizontal plane on the subframe, movable transversely and
referenced to the track to further provide a pictorial indication
on the screen of the instantaneous gauge condition of the
track.
12. A system for observing the horizontal and vertical alignment of
a railroad track having at least one rail comprising a track
travelling vehicle, datum-providing means for the track, a subframe
connected to the vehicle, adapted to ride on the rail and
referenced thereto and means for optically displaying on a single
screen the movement of the subframe relative to the datum-providing
means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system for observing the
horizontal and vertical alignment of a railroad rail or track and
more particularly a device for providing pictorial representation
and/or record of such condition.
Heretofore, it has been proposed to provide recording vehicles
which pass over a section of railroad track and record graphically
the track condition of that section, that is to say, to record the
vertical and horizontal alignment of the track relative to a datum.
This provides to an engineer responsible for the maintenance of the
track, a graphical record of the track condition so that he may
determine at his office whether the track condition has
deteriorated beyond an acceptable minimum standard and requires
maintenance, or whether it is still acceptable. After an analysis
of the graphical records, if the engineer decides that corrective
operation is required, he orders the necessary measures taken.
However, the maintenance machines which operate to perform such
corrective measures as vertically aligning and horizontally
aligning the track operate to their own individual datum-providing
systems which cannot be absolutely referenced to the datums of the
track recording vehicle. Furthermore, the datum-providing systems
that are available on the market which control the horizontal and
vertical corrective operations of the maintenance vehicles are only
capable of exerting control at the time of the actual operation of
correction and cannot provide a permanent record of the track
condition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an inspection method for the control
of the condition of a railroad track which method comprises the
steps of:
A. traversing a portion of railroad track to be inspected with a
vehicle;
B. recording on tape by means of a television camera a record of
the track condition; and
C. screening the picture so recorded to compare the results with a
standard.
The camera may record such data as the condition of the ballast
rail anchors and tie plates, tie and rail, the track level and
alignment and gauge.
The present invention also provides a system for observing the
horizontal and vertical alignment of a railroad track comprising a
track travelling vehicle; datum-providing means for the track; a
subframe connected to the vehicle, adapted to ride on the rail and
referenced thereto; horizontal and vertical scale means on the
subframe; and optical means for providing on a screen means a
comparative picture of the instantaneous horizontal and vertical
alignment of the horizontal and vertical scale means relative to
the datum, whereby to provide a picture of the instantaneous
horizontal and vertical alignment of the track.
It is a feature of the invention that the picture can be presented
on a single screen.
The optical means may include a television camera which may be
provided by mounting the camera on a longitudinal track travelling
frame, a hairline reference being provided in the camera optical
system and longitudinally extending of the tracks.
In an alternative arrangement the datum may be provided by a wire
or wires extending longitudinally of the track.
It is a feature of the invention that the apparatus can be used as
a control reference system for a maintenance of way vehicle, say, a
jacking and tamping vehicle.
The picture of the instantaneous horizontal and vertical alignment
of the track provided by the present invention may be recorded for
consideration at an engineering office or may be used for actual
on-the-spot track corrective operations. Thus the present invention
provides in one system the individual facilities found separately
in the systems of the prior art .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The following is a description by way of example of certain
embodiments in accordance with the present invention, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of apparatus in accordance with the
invention, two reference wires being diagrammatically shown;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the nature of the observations desired
to be made when two wires are used to measure alignment and
surface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an optical system suitable
for providing that observation;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of the optical system of
FIG. 3 including a television camera;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 indicating the configuration
used when a single wire system is provided;
FIG. 6 is a schematic detail of a subframe capable of providing
observations of track cross level and track gauge condition;
and
FIGS. 7 and 8 are perspective diagrammatic representations of
alternative arrangements, a television camera being referenced to
the track by a track running frame and in the absence of wire
references, an index mark being provided in the camera optical
system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings:
In FIG. 1 a light metal frame 10, comprising six 8 ft. long
sections 11 mechanically coupled together, is referenced to the
track by means of spring biased rollers 12. Strung between the ends
of the frame 10 adjacent and immediately above each rail of the
track is a reference wire 14, 14A. Because of the length of the
frame 10 the wires 14 and 14A can be considered to be referenced to
the track and since over this length track errors would be averaged
the wires can be considered to be referenced datum wires. Mounted
on the frame 10 but suspended independently thereof on the track
and referenced to the track by means of sprung rollers 16 is a
subframe. The subframe carries horizontal and vertical scales for
each of the wires and an optical system as will presently become
apparent. A comparison of the scales on the subframe with the
reference wires 14 and 14A provide an indication of the
instantaneous track condition at the point at which the subframe 15
rests.
The frame 10 with its associated reference wires 14, 14A and
subframe 15 may be propelled by any suitable means, for example the
frame could be mounted beneath an inspection car 18 or, where it is
desired to inspect track under load conditions the front and rear
sections 11 of the frame 10 could be attached to the front and rear
portions of a locomotive and the wires 14 and 14A strung beneath
the locomotive; subframe 15 with its scales and optical system also
being positioned beneath the locomotive independent thereof but
propelled thereby. Yet again the frame 10 and its associated
members and the subframe 15 could be provided beneath a jacking and
tamping machine and the observations obtained from the system could
be used to control the operation of the jacking and tamping
machine.
In FIG. 2 there is seen the nature of the observations which it is
desired to make in order to present a picture of the track
condition. centerline on the subframe 15 and associated with the
reference wire 14 is a vertical scale 20 and a horizontal scale 21.
In the diagram the scales 20 and 21 are shown facing outwardly from
the plane of the paper but, of course, in actual practice the scale
21 will lie horizontally so that an optical system which provides
an observation point 22 will look down directly on the wire 14 and
measure the scale 21 position thereagainst. Similarly, the scale 20
will be vertically arranged and inwardly directed so that from an
observation point 24 the wire 14 can be directly compared against
the scale 20.
Similar scales 26, 27 are provided for the wire 14A.
In FIGS. 3 and 4 there is illustrated an optical system mounted on
the subframe whereby the track alignment and surface condition can
be projected onto a single screen. The observation position 22 of
FIG. 2 is provided by means of a mirror 32 which reflects onto a
mirror 34, which mirror also provides the observation point 24 and,
similarly, mirrors 36 and 37 provide the observation points for the
reference wire 14A. Mirrors 37 and 34 then project onto a single
mirror 38, which provides the observation position 39 so that an
observer looking into the plane of the paper at the angled mirror
38 is provided with a view which he would have had had he taken a
downwardly observing position from the observation position 39.
In FIG. 4 the mirror 38 has a television camera 40 focused thereon
and the television camera records the picture displayed on the
mirror 38 for either instantaneous reproduction on a television
screen 41, which television screen may be directly coupled on a
closed circuit with the television receiver 40 or may be at a
remote point, for example the engineering office of the railroad,
on which the picture may be received on the railroad's own
microwave system or may be used for analysis and comparison from a
tape at a later date.
In FIG. 5 there is shown an optical system mounted on the subframe
15 which is similar to the optical system of FIG. 3 but in this
instance it will be observed that a single centrally located
reference wire 14B is provided in place of the reference wires 14
and 14A. In view of the long optical path between the reference
wire 14B and the scales 20B and 21B as reflected in the mirror 34B
and thence the mirror 38B, a corrective lens system 32C and 36C may
be provided.
In FIG. 6 the subframe 15 beneath the mirror 38 is shown to be made
in two sections 15A and 15B telescopic one to the other. A
reference marker 60 on the portion 15B when read against the
portion 15A provides an immediate picture of the gauge condition of
the track. Also a cross-level bubble provided on the section 15A
provides in the screen 38 an immediate picture of the cross-level
condition of the track.
In FIG. 7 there is shown an arrangement in which the frame 10 is
split into two sections 70 and 71 connected by a rigid link 73. The
frame 10 is again referenced to the track. Standing upright from
the rear corners of the section 70 and from the leading corners of
the section 71 are upright posts 75, 76, 77 and 78. Four cables are
cross-connected, one from the top of the post 75 to the base of
post 77, one from the top of the post 78 to the bottom of post 76,
one from the top of post 77 to the bottom of post 75 and one from
the top of the post 76 to the bottom of post 78. Mounted on these
cables is a camera lens system diagrammatically indicated at 80.
This camera observes a mirror and scale system on subframe 15 but
in this embodiment the reference wires 14, 14A and 14B are replaced
by a hairline or hairlines inscribed on the optical screen of the
television camera. Preferably one hairline is provided extending in
the longitudinal direction of the track and a second hairline is
positioned transversely of the track to form a cross-wire
arrangement. Thus, the camera will be able to observe the relation
to the scales to the cross-wires and to provide a picture of the
track condition.
In FIG. 8 a trussed structure 81 which is made of a light rigid
metal braced in a manner to give maximum rigidity, forms the frame
10. Again the frame is referenced to the track and a subframe 15
floats therebetween and is itself referenced in the manner
aforementioned. Again a camera 80 is rigidly mounted on the
structure 81 and its optical screen is provided with longitudinally
extending hairline or hairlines. Although camera 80 and subframe 15
are shown positioned at the center of the longitudinal span of the
frame 10, it will be clear that it could occupy any other position
on the frame if certain ratios were desired.
In operation it will be observed that the system of the present
invention can be made to pass over the track and record for
immediate or later use the state of the track condition. If
desired, the quite well-known method of "string-lining" could be
performed with the device and where it is desired to perform such
method, the frame could suitably be made the conventional 66 feet
long so that the mid-ordinate of the scale, measured in inches,
could be referenced directly to the radius of the curve.
Measurements can be conventionally taken at joint and centers, i.e.
quarter rail lengths, and a suitable counting mechanism referenced
to a track engaging wheel, and driving counterrecorded by the
camera, could be provided where more precise, condition data is
desired.
As has been stated, the present method and apparatus provides a
system which can be used on the spot to control a track maintenance
function or could be used to make long term records of track
conditions. Suitably, where a camera is used, a grid or other scale
device could be employed in the optical system and an engineer
observing an inspection tape could, at a glance, by comparing
against the grid, observe the precise spots at which work was
required to maintain the track to the standards set by the grid.
Inspection films could be made before and after tamping operations
and could be compared on side by side monitors or on the same
screen in order to get an instantaneous impression of the success
of the track-working operation which had been performed.
As before, some suitable counting mechanism could show a distance
reference on the screen.
It is also contemplated that audio channels could be provided for
any one function of the system and could be used, for example, by
the track-working foreman to advise that at this point the jacking
and tamping machine had to stop and wait the arrival of further
ballast, tie plates or the like, or record any other useful
information which would assist in the planning of future
operations.
It is to be understood that the invention also contemplates a
situation where the reference wire or wires are not attached to the
frame but are tagged to the track at a predetermined reference
position prior to the arrival of the remainder of the system of the
invention.
* * * * *