U.S. patent number 3,561,375 [Application Number 04/743,106] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-09 for plastic pallet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nash-Hammond, Inc.. Invention is credited to Elmer H. Good, Lowell D. Hammond.
United States Patent |
3,561,375 |
Hammond , et al. |
February 9, 1971 |
PLASTIC PALLET
Abstract
A one-piece seamless nestable hollow molded plastic pallet for
use in handling cargo with forklift equipment and an inexpensive
mode of molding the same utilizing dual-axis rotary molding
equipment. The mold features an upper mold surface having open
ended drainage, ventilating and reinforcing channels and rows of
bosses formed in its lower surface spaced apart to receive forklift
prongs from any lateral edge. Additional reinforcing is provided by
equitably distributed tubular bosses having flaring ends integral
with the upper and lower pallet walls and with their reduced
midportions merging adjacent the parting plane of the mold
parts.
Inventors: |
Hammond; Lowell D. (San Marino,
CA), Good; Elmer H. (Claremont, CA) |
Assignee: |
Nash-Hammond, Inc. (Industry,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
24987533 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/743,106 |
Filed: |
July 8, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
108/53.1;
108/901; 264/310 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
19/004 (20130101); B65D 2519/00268 (20130101); B65D
2519/00945 (20130101); Y10S 108/901 (20130101); B65D
2519/00069 (20130101); B65D 2519/00308 (20130101); B65D
2519/00288 (20130101); B65D 2519/00318 (20130101); B65D
2519/00338 (20130101); B65D 2519/00034 (20130101); B65D
2519/00039 (20130101); B65D 2519/00074 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
19/00 (20060101); B65d 019/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/51--58
;264/310,45,47 ;297/452--456 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Zugel; Francis K.
Assistant Examiner: Finch; Glenn O.
Claims
We claim:
1. A lightweight one-piece pallet of rotationally molded
thermoplastic material adapted for use with forklift cargo handling
equipment, said pallet comprising a seamless closed hollow shell of
substantially uniform wall thickness having upper and lower wall
portions in spaced apart parallel relationship interconnected
between their perimeters by vertically disposed sidewalls integral
therewith, and said bottom wall being formed with a plurality of
relatively wide but shallow channels opening downwardly throughout
the length thereof and open at the opposite ends thereof.
2. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 1 characterized in the
provision of a plurality of tubular spaced-apart struts having
their opposite ends integral with a respective one of said upper
and lower wall portions and having their axes lying generally
normal to said upper and lower wall portions.
3. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 2 characterized in that the
sidewalls of said tubular struts flare slightly relative to the
longitudinal axis thereof.
4. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 2 characterized in that the
opposite end portions of said tubular struts are generally
frustoconical in shape with their smaller ends adjoining and
integrally connected to one another.
5. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 2 characterized in that
portions of said upper and lower wall portions lie in different
generally parallel planes and in that certain of said tubular
struts are longer than others thereof and disposed between more
widely spaced portions of said upper and lower wall portions of
said pallet.
6. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 1 characterized in that
said upper wall portion is formed with shallow upwardly facing
channels opening laterally through the sidewall portion of said
pallet to provide drainage from portions of said upper wall spaced
inwardly of pallet perimeter.
7. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 6 characterized in that
said shallow channels are distributed over a major portion of said
upper wall and serve as drainage, ventilating and flow passages for
fluids and additionally to stiffen and reinforce said upper
wall.
8. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 1 characterized in that
said relatively wide shallow channels in lower wall portion are
spaced and proportioned to receive the prongs of forklift
equipment.
9. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 8 characterized in that the
lower wall of said pallet is proportioned to nest within the
complementally shaped bottom of an identical one of said
pallets.
10. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 1 characterized in that
said lower wall portion is formed with three rows of hollow bosses
arranged lengthwise and crosswise of the underside of said pallet
and spaced to accept the prongs of a forklift device inserted from
any edge of said pallet.
11. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 10 characterized in the
provision of tubular struts disposed between said upper and lower
wall portions having their opposite ends normal to and integral
with the adjacent one of said wall portions.
12. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 11 characterized in that
some of said tubular struts are longer and disposed within said
bosses and other shorter ones thereof are disposed between adjacent
rows of said bosses.
13. A plastic pallet as defined in claim 11 characterized in that
said tubular bosses are arranged in parallel rows within said
bosses with one end integral with the bottom of an associated boss
and its other end integral with the upper one of said wall
portions.
Description
This invention relates to material handling pallets for use with
forklift equipment and more particularly to a one-piece seamless
molded plastic pallet characterized by its lightness, high
strength, ruggedness and ability to withstand rough handling.
Many proposals have been made heretofore for improved cargo
handling pallets in an effort to reduce weight while retaining
strength, durability, ease of handling and other desirable
characteristics. A wide variety of materials and combination of
materials have been proposed to meet these and other objectives.
However, these attempts have been subject to various shortcomings
and disadvantages avoided by the present invention. Certain of
these prior constructions have been excessively expensive to
construct and others of a less expensive nature have been lacking
in strength, durability, and ability to withstand the rigors of
usage.
It is therefore a primary objective of the present invention to
provide an improved high-strength, lightweight seamless, nestable
pallet construction capable of repeated use in handling heavy loads
and particularly characterized by its lightness, versatility and
ease of handling. The hollow structure is molded in one piece and
substantially all portions of its walls are of uniform thickness.
The upper and lower main walls are uniquely contoured to improve
the strength and rigidity of the structure while providing free
drainage, ventilation and access for the prongs of forklift
equipment from all four sides of the pallet. The upper and lower
surfaces are interconnected at spaced intervals by tubular struts
having reduced midportions and flaring opposite ends merging with
the main surfaces of the pallet and so disposed as to transfer the
weight of cargo supported on the a pallet to the underlying load
bearing surfaces. Another feature is the fact that the bosses and
channeling in the lower wall are so proportioned as to nest one
within the other for greater compactness when storing and
transporting the empty pallet.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to
provide an improved, lightweight, high-strength, seamless molded
plastic pallet and to provide an improved method of making the
same.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a seamless
hollow molded plastic pallet designed for compact nesting in pairs
when not in use.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a hollow
seamless pallet having a plurality of internal tubular struts
interconnecting its upper and lower surfaces and equitably
distributed about the interior of the pallet structure.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a unique method
of making a hollow seamless molded plastic pallet without need for
high pressure equipment or high temperatures, and using simply
constructed inexpensive separable mold parts.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a one-piece,
lightweight, high-strength material handling pallet having
open-ended reinforcing drainage channels in its upper surface and a
plurality of rows of bosses formed in its lower wall and
distributed to form receiving channels for the prongs of a forklift
handling device.
These and other more specific objects will appear upon reading the
following specification and claims and upon considering in
connection therewith the attached drawing to which they relate.
Referring now to the drawing in which a preferred embodiment of the
invention is illustrated.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of apparatus suitable for use
in practicing the method of this invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are fragmentary cross-sectional views through a
portion of the mold assembly, FIG. 2 showing the charge distributed
before being heated to a molten condition, and FIG. 3 showing the
charge after heated to a molten state and fully distributed;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view from the upper side of the completed
pallet;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along
broken line 5-5 on FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view showing a pair of the pallets; and
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a pair of nested pallets as
seen from one end.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown suitable
apparatus, designated generally 10, for practicing the invention
method and preferably comprising a conventional type of rotary
molding machine operable to tumble a mold assembly 11 about two
axes at right angles to one another. Main frame 12 is rotatably
mounted for pivoting about a vertical axis on a wheeled chassis 13
for convenience in moving the machine along rails 14 between an
oven 15 and a cooling chamber 16. The latter is preferably equipped
with a cooling water sprayhead 18 and an air circulating fan
19.
Main frame 12 has a horizontal support 22 about which yoke 23
rotates by suitable driving means such as a hydraulic motor mounted
within housing 24. Rotatably supported at the outer end of one arm
of yoke 23 is a support 25 which cooperates with a retractable
clamping spindle 26 aligned with the axis of rotation of support
25. Drive connections 27, 28 drivingly interconnect the hydraulic
motor with support 25 and serve to rotate the mold assembly about
an axis lying in a vertical plane as yoke 23 slowly rotates the
assembly about a horizontal axis passing through support 22. Power
for opening and closing the mold is provided by pressurized air
supplied through hose 30 to a double action cylinder 31 connected
with the outer end of spindle 26. Pressurized water to operate the
hydraulic motor is supplied by way of hose 32. Further details of
the molding machine need not be described since the construction
and operation of this equipment are well known to persons skilled
in the molding art.
Molding assembly 11 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 2 and 3 and
preferably comprises two mold halves 34, 35 formed of good heat
conductive material, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy. These mold
parts have an accurately finished parting surface 36 mating in a
plane generally centrally of the mold cavity 37 and having a shape
corresponding to the exterior surface of the pallet to be molded
therein. Preferably the cavity has a shape complemental to that of
the pallet structure 40 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
Each mold part 34, 35 also includes aligned pairs of tapered bosses
of which a single pair 42, 43 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. A taper
corresponding generally to that illustrated provides excellent
results and the end surfaces 44 of the bosses preferably abut one
another along the parting plane 36 of the mold assembly. The
purpose of bosses 42, 43 is to form tubular struts in the pallet
product to be molded and distributed about the interior of the
pallet to provide high-strength tie connections between the upper
and lower surfaces as well as high-strength column support capable
of transferring load forces between the upper and lower wall of the
pallet. A preferred distribution of these struts and the manner in
which they cooperate with the associated pallet structure will be
discussed presently.
Another and important feature of the mold cavity 37 is the
provision in the lower mold half 35 of rows of wells distributed
along all lateral edges of the mold cavity as well as centrally
thereacross thereby to form rows of downwardly projecting bosses
44, 45, 46 and 47 in the pallet structure as is best shown in FIGS.
5 and 6. These bosses serve multiple functions as will now be
described in connection with other pallet features.
Referring to FIGS. 4 to 6 and initially to FIG. 5, pallet 40 will
be understood as comprising an upper wall 50 and a lower wall 51
bounded and interconnected at their perimeters by a continuous
sidewall 52. As will be best understood from FIG. 4, sidewall 52
includes a low height portion along a portion of its perimeter and
a substantially higher portion in areas forming part of the outer
walls of bosses 44 through 47.
Upper surface 50 is preferably provided with open ended shallow
depressions or channels 54, 55 extending lengthwise thereof. As
herein shown channels 55 include U-shaped extensions 56 opening
from their opposite sides and similar extensions 56 opening through
the opposite lateral edges of the pallet. These channels and
extensions serve numerous important purposes such as reinforcing
and stiffening the upper wall 50 as well as providing free flow
escape channels for any fluid material which otherwise might tend
to collect on the pallet. Additionally, it is sometimes important
to provide ventilation for material carried on the pallets as where
used in connection with the transport of flowers, fruit,
vegetables, and the like. In other cases the channels serve to
distribute refrigerated cooling air.
Lower wall 51 is formed with rows of bosses 44, 45 46, 47 which are
spaced apart to provide prong-receiving channels 57 of a forklift
device. It will be noted from FIG. 6 that channels 57 extend
lengthwise and crosswise of the underside of the pallet and are
appropriately spaced for use with conventional forklift equipment.
Of importance is the fact that the width w of channels 57 is
greater than the transverse width x of bosses 45, 47. This mode of
proportioning lower wall 51 permits pairs of the pallets to be
inverted and internested in the manner made clear by FIG 7, thereby
effecting a very considerable space saving when storing or
returning empty pallets to a point of use.
Referring now more particularly to FIG. 5 there is shown details of
the internal reinforcing provided between upper and lower walls 50,
51 comprising a plurality of tubular struts 58, 59. It will be
understood that the tubular struts 58, 59 are equitably and
strategically distributed to provide maximum reinforcement and so
as to underlie points of high load stress typically encountered in
the reinforcing of the described pallet. It will also be observed
from FIG. 6 that the struts are arranged in rows with certain of
the struts being located interiorly of the bosses formed in the
lower wall of the pallet and so disposed relative to the sidewalls
of these bosses as to cooperate therewith in providing maximum
support. The flaring design of the struts is also effective in
strengthening the midportion of the struts.
The described pallet 40 is made quickly and inexpensively by
charging an appropriate quantity of uncured thermoplastic material
into the mold cavity. Although various thermoplastic compositions
may be employed, one found to provide highly satisfactory results
utilizes high density linear polyethylene in powder form. This
material, if purchased in pellet form, is desirably ground to a
fineness of 28 to 35 mesh. A sufficient quantity of this material
is charged into the mold cavity to form a pallet of the desired
wall thickness. The mold parts are then closed together by
admitting air under pressure to clamping cylinder 31. The entire
molding apparatus 10 is rolled to the left as viewed in FIG. 1
until the rotating part of the mold is within oven 15. The mold is
rotated about both its horizontal and vertical axes to tumble and
distribute the plastic material as heat is applied to the mold
assembly 11. FIG. 2 shows the charge of plastic powder 60
distributed in a uniform layer along all interior surfaces of the
hot mold cavity. After the powder becomes molten, it forms a
thinner, more dense uniformly distributed layer as indicated at 61
in FIG. 3. The molding apparatus continues to be rotated at a
suitable rate, such as 2 to 12 revolutions per minute, for 15 to 30
minutes, depending upon the quantity of charge placed in the mold
cavity. During this period the mold is held at a suitable curing
temperature for the particular thermoplastic employed, as for
example, 400 to 600.degree. F.
Thereafter, the apparatus is withdrawn from oven 15 and the upper
half of the molding machine is rotated 180.degree. about the
vertical axis of the main frame and then transferred into cooling
chamber 16. Cooling water is sprayed over the mold assembly from
sprayhead 18 and cooling air is circulated thereover by fan 19.
After the mold has become thoroughly cooled, it is opened and the
completed product is withdrawn and is ready for use.
While the particular plastic product and method of making same
herein shown and disclosed in detail is fully capable of attaining
the objects and providing the advantages hereinbefore stated, it is
to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the presently
preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are
intended to the details of construction or design herein shown
other than as defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *