U.S. patent number 3,561,324 [Application Number 04/728,128] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-09 for fastener driving tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fastener Corporation. Invention is credited to Allen R. Obergfell.
United States Patent |
3,561,324 |
Obergfell |
February 9, 1971 |
FASTENER DRIVING TOOL
Abstract
A pneumatically operated automatically cycling fastener driving
tool includes a housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir.
A cylinder is provided in the housing for slideably receiving a
piston therein. A cylinder valve is provided for controlling the
admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of fluid from one end of
the cylinder. A suitable trigger arrangement is effective when
depressed to exhaust the cylinder valve to atmosphere, and when
released to connect the cylinder valve to the reservoir. An
automatic cycling valve controls such admission to and discharge
from the cylinder valve and is responsive to the pressure buildup
in the upper end of the cylinder at the end of the driving stroke
to switch the cylinder valve from exhaust to the reservoir to
effect closing of the cylinder valve and the return stroke of the
piston.
Inventors: |
Obergfell; Allen R. (Park
Ridge, IL) |
Assignee: |
Fastener Corporation (Franklin
Park, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
24925545 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/728,128 |
Filed: |
May 10, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
91/252; 91/309;
91/399; 91/308; 91/318 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25C
1/041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25C
1/04 (20060101); F01l 031/00 (); F01l 025/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;91/(CARD),220,252,308,309 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Maslousky; Paul E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of the cylinder; cycling means for automatically
cycling said piston to provide for multiple firing of said tool,
said cycling means being connected with said reservoir, said one
end of said cylinder, and said cylinder valve means; trigger valve
means movable between an operated and an unoperated position to
connect said cycling means selectively to exhaust and to said
reservoir; and means establishing a delay only prior to the
initiation of the second cycle of operation during each continued
operation of said trigger valve.
2. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of the cylinder; a control passage; a trigger
valve means for alternately connecting the control passage to the
reservoir and the atmosphere; cycling means for automatically
cycling said piston to provide for multiple firing of said tool,
said cycling means being directly connected with said reservoir and
being connected to said cylinder and said cylinder valve means,
said cycling means including a spool valve with a first fluid
surface connected to the fluid supplied to the cycling means by the
reservoir to continuously bias the spool valve toward a first
position placing said cylinder valve means in communication with
said control passage, said spool valve having a second fluid
surface supplied with the pressure in said cylinder to move the
spool valve to a second position connecting the fluid continuously
supplied to the cycling means from said reservoir to said cylinder
valve means.
3. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 2 including a
timing chamber, and metering means connecting said timing chamber
to said cylinder to retard the pressure buildup acting on said
spool valve upon initial cycling after operation of said trigger
valve means.
4. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of said cylinder in response to the exhaustion
of fluid from said cylinder valve and the admission of fluid from
said reservoir to said cylinder valve; a cycling control valve;
first passage means connecting said cycling control valve to said
cylinder valve means; second passage means connecting said cycling
valve to said cylinder; third passage means continuously connecting
said cycling valve to said reservoir; fourth passage means
connected to said cycling valve; and a trigger valve connected to
said cycling control valve through said fourth passage means
effective when depressed to exhaust said cycling control valve and
when released to connect said cycling control valve to the
reservoir; said cycling valve including a spool valve element of
the differential type having a small diameter end and a large
diameter end, said reservoir communicating with said small diameter
end through said third passage means to continuously bias the spool
valve toward a normal position connecting said first and fourth
passage means, said cylinder communicating with said large diameter
end through said second passage means and responsive to a fluid
pressure buildup in the cylinder to shift the spool valve to an
operated position connecting said first and third passage
means.
5. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 4 including a
timing chamber communicating with said second passage means to
provide a delay in the first recycling stroke of said tool.
6. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 5 including
exhaust means exhausting the large diameter end of said spool valve
and said timing chamber to atmosphere.
7. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 6 including
throttling means throttling said exhaust valve.
8. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 7 wherein said
throttling means includes an adjustable needle valve for regulating
the rate of recycling of said tool.
9. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 5 including check
valve means in said second passage means intermediate said timing
chamber and said one end of said cylinder preventing return flow
from said timing chamber to said one end of said cylinder.
10. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of the cylinder in response to the exhaustion of
fluid from said cylinder valve and the admission of fluid from said
reservoir to said cylinder valve, a cycling control valve including
a valve body in said housing defining a valve cylinder of the
differential type having a small diameter portion and a large
diameter portion, said valve cylinder open at the large diameter
end, a spool-type valve element of the differential diameter type
shiftably positioned in said valve cylinder for movement between a
normal and an operated position and having a small diameter part
and a large diameter part, structure on said small diameter part
defining a fluid passageway, first passage means opening in said
fluid passageway and communicating with said cylinder valve means
when said valve element is in both of the normal and operated
positions; second passage means opening into said large diameter
portion and communicating with said cylinder, third passage means
opening into said small diameter portion of said valve cylinder
intermediate the stroke of said valve element so as to communicate
with said fluid passageway only when said valve element is in said
operated position and communicating with said reservoir, fourth
passage means opening into said fluid passageway only when said
valve element is in a normal position; a trigger valve connected to
said cycling control valve through said fourth passage means
effective when depressed to exhaust said cycling control valve and
when released to connect said cycling control valve to the
reservoir; throttling means including an adjustable needle valve
for restricting the exhaust of fluid from the open end of said
large diameter portion; and check valve means in said second
passage means permitting fluid flow only out of said one end of
said cylinder.
11. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 10 including a
timing chamber communicating with said large diameter portion of
said valve cylinder.
12. A fastener driving tool including a housing having cylinder
means; cycling means slideably mounted in the cylinder means;
cycling means for automatically cycling said piston means to
provide for multiple firing of said tool; control means operatively
associated with said cycling means to initiate cycling thereof; and
delay means operatively associated with said cycling means for
providing a delay in the refiring of said tool between the first
and second operations of said piston means after initiation of the
cycling thereof.
13. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 12 wherein said
housing includes a cavity defining a fluid reservoir, and said
cylinder means is operatively connected to said reservoir through
said cycling means to provide for pneumatic firing of said
tool.
14. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 12 wherein said
control means is a manually operable trigger valve operable between
an operated and an unoperated position for initiating cycling of
said tool whereby said delay is provided after the first cycle of
operation of said tool following movement of said trigger valve to
an operated position.
15. A fastener driving tool including fastener driving means,
control means for initiating automatic repetitive cycling of said
fastener driving means, and delay means effective during continued
operation of the control means for providing a delay in the
recycling of said fastener driving means to cause the first cycle
of the fastener driving means to take longer than the second and
following cycles of the fastener driving means.
16. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of the cylinder; cycling means for automatically
cycling said piston through a drive and return stroke, said cycling
means including a valve having a first fluid responsive surface
supplied with fluid directly from said reservoir and continuously
biased thereby to a normal position and a second fluid responsive
surface continuously coupled to said cylinder and biased by
pressure admitted to the cylinder to an operated position, an inlet
passage, and an outlet passage continuously coupled to said
cylinder valve means; and trigger valve means movable between an
operated and an unoperated position and connected in said inlet
passage to connect said cycling means selectively to exhaust and to
said reservoir.
17. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of said cylinder in response to the exhaustion
of fluid from said cylinder valve and the admission of fluid from
said reservoir to said cylinder valve, a cycling control valve
including a valve body in said housing defining a valve cylinder of
the differential type having a small diameter portion and a large
diameter portion, said cylinder open at both ends, a spool-type
element of the differential diameter type shiftably positioned in
said cylinder for movement between a normal and an operated
position having a small diameter part and a large diameter part,
means defining first, second and third piston means on said valve
element slideably received in said large diameter portion, and
fourth piston means defining a seal slideably received in said
small diameter portion, means on said large diameter part
intermediate said first and second piston means defining a first
fluid passageway, means on said large diameter part intermediate
said second and third piston means defining a second fluid
passageway; first passage means opening in said second fluid
passageway and communicating with said cylinder valve means; second
passage means opening into said valve cylinder and communicating
with said one end of said cylinder, third passage means opening
into said large diameter portion of said valve cylinder
intermediate the stroke of said third piston means so as to
communicate with said second fluid passageway when said valve
element is in said operated position and communicating with said
reservoir, fourth passage means opening into said second fluid
passageway when said valve element is in a normal position and
intermediate the stroke of said second piston means; a trigger
valve connected to said cycling control valve through said fourth
passage means effective when depressed to exhaust said cycling
control valve and when released to connect said cycling control
control valve to the reservoir; and throttling means restricting
the exhaust of fluid from the open end of said large diameter
portion.
18. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 17 including
check valve bleeding means around said third piston means providing
for fluid flow into the differential portion of said cylinder for
return of said valve element to a normal position.
19. A fastener driving tool as set forth in claim 17 including a
delay chamber communicating with said large diameter portion of
said valve cylinder beyond the stroke of said first piston
means.
20. A pneumatically operated fastener driving tool including a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir; a cylinder in
said housing; a piston slideably mounted in the cylinder; cylinder
valve means controlling admission of fluid to and the exhaustion of
fluid from one end of said cylinder in response to the exhaustion
of fluid from said cylinder valve and the admission of fluid from
said reservoir to said cylinder valve, a control valve including a
valve body in said housing defining a valve cylinder of the
differential type having a small diameter portion and a large
diameter portion, said cylinder open at both ends, a spool-type
valve element of the differential diameter type shiftably
positioned in said cylinder for movement between a normal and an
operated position having a small diameter part and a large diameter
part, means defining first piston means on said valve element
slideably received in said large diameter portion, and means
defining second, third and fourth piston means on said valve
element slideably received in said small diameter portion, first
fluid passageway defined between said first and second piston
means, second fluid passageway defined between said second and
third piston means, and third fluid passageway defined between said
third and fourth piston means; first passage means opening in said
second fluid passage means and communicating with said cylinder
valve means; second passage means opening into said valve cylinder
and communicating with said one end of said cylinder, third passage
means opening into said small diameter portion of said valve
cylinder intermediate the stroke of said third piston and
communicating with said reservoir, fourth passage means opening
into said valve cylinder intermediate the stroke of said fourth
piston means; and a trigger valve connected to said control valve
through said fourth passage means effective when depressed to
exhaust said control valve and when released to connect said
control valve to the reservoir.
Description
This invention relates to a fastener driving tool and, more
particularly, to a fastener driving tool including new and improved
control means providing for successive or repetitive fastener
driving operations upon a single depression of the tool
trigger.
Commercially available pneumatic fastener driving tools in the past
have frequently provided for a single fastener driving stroke upon
each depression of the tool trigger. In order to provide rapid
operation of the tool, it has been proposed to cycle the tool
through a drive and return stroke upon a single depression of the
trigger. Moreover situations have arisen where it is desirable to
drive a plurality of fasteners in successive fastener driving
operations and suitable short intervals upon a single depression of
the tool trigger. It is frequently desirable that such autofire
fastener driving tools be adaptable for single-stroke operation, or
for operation in a repetitive manner upon a single depression of
the tool trigger. Commercially available automatically firing tools
commonly require switching from high speed repetitive operation to
the single-fire mode before a single fastener can be driven. Most
desirably such control of the tool should preferably be
accomplished without manual selection of the mode of operation and
with a minimum effort by the operator.
An object of the present invention therefore is to provide a new
and improved pneumatically actuated fastener driving tool of the
type to continuously and repetitively operate through its working
cycle so long as the trigger thereof is depressed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fastener
driving apparatus having new and improved control means.
Yet a further object of the present invention is the provision of
the fastener driving tool of the type wherein the tool will
repetitively and continuously operate through its working cycle so
long as the trigger member is depressed, and wherein the rate of
recycling of the tool may readily be varied.
Yet a further object of the present invention is the provision of a
fastener driving tool of the type which may be conveniently
actuated as a single-stroke tool or operated to continuously and
repetitively operate through its working cycle so long as the
trigger thereof is depressed.
Yet a further object is to provide a new and improved single-cycle
or snap-acting fastener driving tool wherein the tool cycles
through both a drive stroke and a return stroke upon depression of
the trigger without the delay of releasing the trigger.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of
novelty which characterize the invention will be pointed out with
particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this
specification.
In accordance with these and other objects there is provided a new
and improved automatically cycling fastener driving tool. A known
type of commercially available fastener driving tool includes a
housing having a cavity defining a fluid reservoir and containing a
cylinder in the housing slideably receiving a piston therein. A
cylinder valve is provided for controlling the admission of fluid
to and the exhaustion of fluid from one end of the cylinder. A
return fluid chamber in the housing communicates with the cylinder
and is effective to move the piston to its return stroke. In
accordance with the present invention control means are provided
for automatically recycling the fastener driving tool in response
to the pressure buildup above the piston at the completion of its
driving stroke. Such fluid under pressure above the piston is
effective to shift a valve element in a cycling valve to provide
for the return stroke of the drive piston. Subsequent bleeding of
this fluid from the cycling valve will be effective to reset the
valve and initiate a second drive stroke of the drive piston. In a
preferred embodiment of the invention, a timing chamber
communicates with the recycling valve which delays the pressure
buildup to the cycling valve element after the first drive stroke
following depression of the tool trigger, thus causing a delay in
the recycling of the tool after the first drive stroke. Such delay
permits the operator selectively to operate the tool as a
single-stroke tool, or by maintaining the trigger depressed, the
operator may readily use the tool for repetitive operation.
Subsequent firing of the tool after the initial stroke will be at a
faster or set rate.
Advantageously the present recycling control structure may be
incorporated into an existing commercial line of single-stroke
tools by the mere replacement of the prior cylinder cap with a cap
containing the improved cycling valve, and drilling of an
additional passageway in the housing. Thus the tools may be most
economically produced with a minimum inventory of replacement
parts.
Many other objects and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent from considering the following detailed description
in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a fastener driving
tool incorporating the present invention and illustrating the drive
piston in its static or at rest position;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fastener driving tool of
FIG. 1, illustrating the control valve arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the fastener
driving tool of FIG. 1, illustrated during its drive stroke;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the fastener
driving tool of FIG. 1, illustrated with the drive piston at the
bottom of its drive stroke;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional plan view of the control mechanism,
illustrated in the position of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the fastener
driving tool of FIG. 1, illustrated with the piston in its return
stroke;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional plan view of the control
mechanism of the fastener driving tool, illustrated in the same
position as FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional plan of a control mechanism
for a fastener driving tool according to another embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of a control valve assembly
forming another embodiment of the invention shown in a normal
position;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view of the valve assembly of
FIG. 9 shown in an operated position;
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view of a control valve assembly
forming another embodiment of the invention shown in a normal
position; and
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating the valve
assembly of FIG. 11 in an operated position.
Referring now to the drawings, there is fragmentarily illustrated a
fastener driving tool generally as 10, which embodies a cycling
valve assembly to provide for autofire of the tool according to the
present invention. The tool 10 may be of generally known
construction and, as illustrated, is similar to that described in
the copending application Ser. No. 602,728, filed Dec. 19, 1966, by
Richard H. Doyle and assigned to the same assignee as the present
invention. The tool 10 comprises a housing 12 including a generally
vertically extending head or forward portion 12a and a rearwardly
extending hollow handle portion 12b defining a fluid reservoir 16.
Pressurized fluid such as compressed air is supplied to the fluid
reservoir of the tool 10 by a suitable flexible line. The drive
system for the tool 10 includes a main or power cylinder 18 mounted
within the head portion 12a having an open upper end 18a that is
adapted to be selectively connected to the reservoir 16. The open
upper end of the cylinder 18 is in engagement with a diaphragm type
main or cylinder valve assembly 20, here shown of the poppet type,
under the control of a control or trigger valve assembly and a
cycling valve assembly according to the present invention. A
fastener driving assembly 24 slideably mounted within the cylinder
18 includes a work or drive piston 26 and has connected thereto a
depending driver blade member 28. The fastener driving assembly 24
is normally biased to a position with the piston 26 adjacent the
cylinder valve assembly 20, as illustrated in FIG. 1. An exhaust
valve assembly indicated generally as 32 is provided for
controlling the selective connection of the upper end of the
cylinder 18 to the atmosphere.
When the tool 10 is to be operated, compressed fluid from the
reservoir 16 enters the upper open end 18a of the cylinder 18 and
drives the fastener driving assembly 24 downwardly to engage and
set a fastener or nail supplied to a drive tract 36 in a nosepiece
and nosepiece structure 38. The flow of compressed fluid into the
upper end of the cylinder 18 is controlled by the cylinder valve
assembly 20, which includes a diaphragm 40, the periphery of which
is clamped between a cap 42 and a cover plate 43 against the head
portion 12a of the housing 12 and which seats against the upper
edge 18a of the cylinder 18. The diaphragm 40 is resiliently biased
against the upper edge surface 18a by a spring 44 located between
the cap 42 and the diaphragm 40. The cylinder side of the diaphragm
40 is continuously in communication with the fluid reservoir 16
through a suitable passageway 46 so that pressurized fluid
continuously acts against the cylinder side of the diaphragm 40
tending to displace the diaphragm 40 from the edge 18a of the
cylinder 18. However pressurized fluid is also introduced to the
opposite side of the diaphragm 40 while the fastener driving tool
is in a static or at rest position. The pressure acting above the
diaphragm 40 is effective to maintain the diaphragm 40 in a closed
position, as illustrated in FIG. 1. However if the pressurized
fluid above the diaphragm 40 is discharged, the pressurized fluid
through the passageway 46 is effective to unseat the diaphragm 40
from the edge 18a of the cylinder 18 to dump pressurized fluid into
the top of the main cylinder 18 and to drive the drive piston 26
through a drive stroke.
When the fastener driving tool is at rest, or when the drive piston
is in its return stroke, the open upper end of the cylinder 18 is
exhausted to the atmosphere through the exhaust valve assembly 32.
In the illustrated embodiment the exhaust valve assembly 32
comprises a hollow valve stem 50 which is secured to the diaphragm
and which connects the upper end of the cylinder to the atmosphere
through a plurality of suitable exhaust passages 52. However when
the drive piston is operated through a fire or drive stroke, it is
necessary for the upper end of the cylinder 18 to be closed, and to
this end there is provided a valve seat 54 disposed adjacent the
end of the valve stem 50 remote from the cylinder 18 and adapted to
be engaged by the valve stem 50 when the diaphragm 40 is raised at
the initiation of a drive stroke, thereby closing off the upper end
of the cylinder 18 to the atmosphere.
To provide for the return drive of the fastener driving assembly
24, there is provided an air return chamber 60 communicating with
the lower end of the cylinder 18 through a plurality of ports 62.
Moreover the drive piston 26 is provided with suitable one way
valve means 63. To this end the piston 26 is provided with spaced
peripheral grooves 64 and 66, the upper one of which serves as a
sealing groove while the lower one 66 functions as the one way
valve means 63 to provide for the bypass of pressurized fluid to
the air return chamber 60. An O-ring 68 provided in the upper one
of the grooves 64 functions as a sealing member effecting a
pneumatic seal between the piston 26 and the inner wall of the
cylinder 18. To bypass around the groove 64 and O-ring 68, there is
provided a plurality of air passageways 70 extending from the lower
one 66 of the grooves and communicating with a central cavity 26a
in the piston 26. An O-ring 72 defining a valve element is
positioned within the lower one 66 of the grooves. The O-ring 72 is
expandable upon a selected pressure differential between the upper
and lower ends of the cylinder to the piston 26 so as to unseat
from the ports of the air passageways 70 to provide for fluid to
bypass through the piston 26 around the O-ring 72 and to supply air
to the return chamber 60.
It will be understood that in the operation of the basic tool the
piston 26 and associated driver blade member 28 are driven
downwardly through a drive stroke by the connection of the upper
end 18a of the cylinder 18 with the reservoir 16. Since there is no
significant restraint to the piston during its downward movement,
the pressure above the piston 26 will not build up sufficiently to
unseat the O-ring 72 until the piston 26 approaches the bottom of
its drive stroke. At this point the pressure above the piston 26
will continue to build up until it approaches the pressure in the
reservoir 16 and the O-ring 72, functioning as a valve element,
will be unseated from the ports of the air passageways 70, thereby
providing a source of pressurized fluid to the air return chamber
60 through the air passageway 62.
To cushion the drive stroke of the piston 26, and to seal the lower
end of the housing 12a when the piston 26 is at its lowermost
position, there is provided a resilient annular bumper 74 at the
lower end of the cylinder 18 which is engageable by the piston 26
as it is at the end of its drive stroke. Fluid such as compressed
air from the lower end of the cylinder normally vents through a
blade opening 76 in a washer 78 at the lower end of the bumper 74.
However when the piston 26 engages the bumper 74 as illustrated in
FIG. 4, pressurized fluid which passes around the O-ring 72 cannot
vent to atmosphere through the blade opening 76. Upon exhaustion of
the open upper end 18a of the cylinder 18 to the atmosphere, the
pressurized fluid in the air return chamber 60 will reenter the
lower end of the cylinder 18 through the ports 62 and will drive
the piston 26 back to its normal or at rest position. Leakage of
air around the blade opening 76 is not rapid enough to prevent the
return of the piston 26.
The operation of the tool 10 is under the control of a trigger
valve assembly 80 and a cycling valve assembly 82 incorporated into
the cap 42. Referring first to the trigger valve assembly, which is
of a known type, there is provided a valve chamber 84 within the
housing 12 containing a valve element in the form of a valve ball
86 operable by a valve pin 88 upon depression or release of the
trigger 90. The trigger valve assembly 80 functions as a three way
valve, so that when the trigger 90 is released, the valve ball 86
seats against an O-ring 92 defining a valve seat and closes off an
exhaust passageway 94 extending from the valve chamber 84 and
defined between the valve pin 88 and a valve retainer 96. With the
valve ball 86 in this normal position, a reservoir passageway 98 is
placed in communication with the valve chamber 84 and pressurized
fluid from the reservoir 16 is supplied to a trigger passageway 100
which also opens into the valve chamber 84.
Depression of the trigger 90 however is effective to unseat the
valve ball 86 from the valve seat 92 and to seat the valve ball 86
against a confronting edge 102 of the passageway 98 also defining a
valve seat. Thus the trigger passageway 100 is closed from
communication with the reservoir 16, and is simultaneously
exhausted to the atmosphere through the valve chamber 84 and the
exhaust passageway 94.
For controlling the automatic cycling of the tool 10, as best
illustrated in FIGS. 2, 5 and 7, there is provided the cycling
valve assembly 82 within the cap 42 of the tool 10 which is
effective, after firing of the tool, to initiate recycling thereof
in response to the pressure buildup in the cylinder 18 above the
piston 26. Specifically the head 42 forms a valve body defining a
valve cylinder 106 of the differential type, having a small
diameter portion 106a and a large diameter portion 106b. The
cylinder 106 is open at the large diameter end and the cylinder
threadingly receives a needle valve assembly 108. A spool type
valve element 110 of the differential diameter type is shiftably
positioned within the cylinder 106 for movement from a normal
position, as illustrated in FIG. 2, to an operated position, as
illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7. The valve element 110 is provided
with a small diameter part 110a and a large diameter part 110b. An
annular groove 112 defined in the small diameter part 110a
intermediate the length thereof defines a fluid passageway. A first
port 116 opens within the fluid passageway 112 and communicates
with the cylinder valve assembly 20 through a passageway 116a. A
second port 118 opens into the large diameter portion 106b of the
valve cylinder 106 and communicates with the closed end of the
cylinder through a passageway 118a opening in the top of the valve
seat 54. A third port 120 opens into the small diameter portion
106a of the valve cylinder 106 intermediate the stroke of the valve
element 110 so as to communicate with the fluid passageway 112 when
the valve element 110 is in its operated position, as illustrated
in FIGS. 5 and 7, but opens into the small end of the valve
cylinder 106 when the valve element 110 is in its normal position
as indicated in FIG. 2. The third port 120 communicates with the
reservoir through a suitable passageway 120a. A fourth port 122
opens into the fluid passageway 112 when the valve element is in a
normal position, as illustrated in FIG. 2, to a position blocked by
the valve element 110 when the valve element 110 is in an operated
position, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7. The fourth port 122
communicates with the trigger valve assembly 80 through the
passageway 110.
In operation the valve element 110 is held in its normal position
illustrated in FIG. 2 by the fluid pressure from the reservoir 16
acting through the port 120. The valve element 110 is moved to its
operated position, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7, by the buildup
of fluid pressure within the cylinder 18 acting through the port
118 and against the large diameter end of the valve element 110.
The valve element 110 will shift from its normal position to its
operated position when the pressure acting on the large end thereof
is sufficiently great to overcome the return bias of the reservoir
pressure acting on the smaller end thereof. Moreover the valve
element 110 will return to its normal position and recycle the tool
as soon as the fluid pressure acting on the large diameter end 110b
of the valve element 110 is bled off sufficiently to permit return
of the valve.
To adjustably control the rate of recycling of the tool, there is
provided the needle valve assembly 108 which restricts the exhaust
of the fluid from the open end of the large diameter portion 106b
of the valve cylinder 106. As therein illustrated, the needle valve
assembly 108 includes a needle valve body 126 in the form of a
sleeve threaded into the large diameter portion 106b of the valve
cylinder 106. The needle valve body has a generally inwardly
tapered point 127 against which an O-ring 128 can seat to define a
check valve which will unseat to permit fluid flow from the port
118 toward the large diameter portion 110b of the valve element 110
and around ports 130 in a retaining ring 132, as illustrated in
FIG. 5. However the check valve element 128 will seat between the
valve seat 127 and the inner wall of the valve cylinder 106 to
prevent reverse flow of the fluid, as illustrated in FIG. 7. The
needle valve body 126 is provided with a longitudinal opening 134
adjustably receiving a needle element 136 serving to throttle or
meter the escape flow of fluid from the large diameter portion 106b
of the valve cylinder. The rate of bleeding air from the large
diameter portion 106b will, of course, determine the recycling time
of the tool.
To provide for single firing of the tool 10 without having to
manually set or adjust the tool, a time delay is provided between
the first and second driving strokes after initial actuation of the
trigger. The time delay is accomplished through a timing chamber
140 communicating with the valve cylinder 106 through a port 142
opening into the large diameter portion of the valve cylinder 106b
and a passageway 142. The timing chamber 140 is effective to cause
a delay in the pressure buildup after the first stroke, but is not
effective on succeeding strokes in the same burst or depression of
the trigger. Thus the tool has a very important advantage of being
easily used as a single shot tool or an autofire tool with no
adjustment necessary by the operator.
From the above detailed description of the improved fastener
driving tool, its operation is believed to be clear. However,
briefly, it will be understood that the drive piston 26 is actuated
through a drive stroke by the unseating of the diaphragm 40 from
the upper end 18a of the cylinder, and is returned through a return
stroke upon reseating of the diaphragm 40 and opening of the
exhaust valve assembly 32 to atmosphere through the exhaust
passageway 52. The position of the diaphragm 40 is controlled by
the provision of pressurized fluid above the diaphragm, or the
exhaustion thereof to the atmosphere. Thus when the tool 10 is at
rest, with the spool valve 110 in its normal position as
illustrated in FIG. 2, fluid is supplied to the cylinder valve 20
through the passageway 100, ports 122 and 116 around the fluid
passageway 112, and to the passageway 116a, as indicated by the
arrows A in FIG. 2. At the same time the valve element 110 is held
in its at rest position by the pressure of the fluid from the
reservoir acting through the passageway 120a and port 120 against
the small diameter end of the valve element 110, as illustrated by
the arrows B in FIG. 2. The remaining ports of the cycling control
valve assembly 80 are at atmospheric pressure.
Upon depression of the trigger, the cylinder valve 20 is exhausted
to atmosphere through the passageway 116a, ports 116 and 122,
around the fluid passageway 112, through the passageway 110, and
into the trigger valve chamber 84 and the exhaust passageway 94.
With the exhaustion of fluid from above the diaphragm 40, the
cylinder valve 20 will snap open, dumping pressurized fluid above
the piston 26 and driving the piston 26 through a drive stroke, as
illustrated in FIG. 3. The pressure buildup above the cylinder
during the drive stroke of the piston 26 is not sufficiently great
to affect the position of the valve element 110. However as soon as
the piston 26 reaches the end of its drive stroke, as illustrated
in FIG. 4, pressure will begin to build up in the cylinder 18 above
the piston 26. This buildup of pressure will result in an unseating
of the O-ring 72 to permit fluid to pass through the one way valve
means 63 into the air return chamber 60. At the same time the
buildup of pressure will be effective to act through the opening in
the hollow valve stem 50 and through the passageway 118a and port
118, to unseat the check valve 128 and act against the large
diameter part 110b of the valve element 110. As soon as the
pressure acting against the large diameter part 110 is sufficient
to overcome the return force of the reservoir pressure acting
against the small diameter portion 110a of the valve element 110
the valve element 110 will shift to the position illustrated in
FIG. 5. However due to the volume of air which must enter the
reserve chamber 140, there will be a short time delay in the
buildup of pressure and accordingly the valve element 110 will not
shift immediately. The size of the chamber 110 and connecting
passageway 142a will, of course, determine the time delay. The flow
of this signal fluid from the cylinder 18 will follow along the
path of the arrows indicated as C, FIG. 5.
Upon shifting of the valve element 110 to its operated position, as
illustrated in FIG. 7, fluid will now be directed from the
reservoir 16 through the passageway 120a, ports 120 and 116, around
the fluid passageway 112, and through the passageway 116a to the
top of the cylinder valve 20 as illustrated by arrows D, FIG. 7,
whereupon the cylinder valve 20 will close by having the diaphragm
40 thereof seat against the upper edge 18a of the cylinder 18. The
closing of the cylinder valve 20 will be effective to unseat the
hollow valve stem 50 from the valve seat 54 and to exhaust the
upper end of the cylinder 18 to atmosphere through the exhaust
passageway 52. Fluid will bleed from the timing chamber 140 around
the needle valve 136, as indicated by the arrows E, FIG. 7. The
check valve 128 will, of course, seat between the tapered portion
127 and the inner wall of the valve cylinder 106b to prevent return
flow of the fluid from the timing chamber 140 to the upper end of
the piston 18. As soon as the pressure acting on the large diameter
part 110b drops sufficiently to permit reshifting of the valve
element 110 to its normal position, the valve element 110 will
shift, exhausting the cylinder valve 20 and recycling the tool.
Such recycling will continue so long as the trigger 90 remains
depressed.
Since only a portion of the pressure from the timing chamber 140
has had time to bleed out, repetitive cycling of the tool will
occur more rapidly than took place following the first cycle of
operation.
It has been found that very accurate speed control is obtainable by
metering the signal air through the needle valve in both
directions. An arrangement which accomplishes such metering is
illustrated in FIG. 8. Similar components in the embodiments of
FIG. 8 and FIGS. 1 through 7 are identified by the same reference
numerals. As therein shown, there is provided a cycling valve
assembly 148, similar to the cycling assembly 82 heretofore
described, but having a sealing O-ring 150 that replaces the check
valve 128. The cycling valve assembly 148 is further provided with
a port 152 which extends through the side of the needle valve body
126 so as to place the signal air from the port 118 into
communication with the longitudinal opening of the needle valve.
Thus the signal air during the buildup of pressure in the timing
reservoir 140 must be metered past a needle valve 154. If desired,
the needle valve 154 could be identical with the needle valve 136
previously described. Similarly the fluid from the reservoir 140
must be metered past the needle valve 154 during its discharge to
atmosphere. Such discharge to atmosphere will now take place
through the port 118, the chamber 134, the port 152, the signal
passageway 118, and through the exhaust passageway 52.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate an embodiment of the invention which
provides very accurate recycling of the tool by utilizing a bleed
from the reservoir to return the cycle valve. Similar components of
the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 and of the prior embodiments are
identified by the same reference numerals. As therein shown, there
is provided a cycling valve assembly 160, similar to the cycling
assembly 82 heretofore described, but using sealing O-rings on the
spool valve rather than metal to metal engagement with subsequent
seepage for the return force. More specifically, the cycling valve
assembly 160 includes a valve cylinder 162 open at both ends having
a spool type valve element 164 slideably received therein, as well
as the needle valve assembly including the needle valve body 126
and the needle valve 154. As heretofore described, the port 152
extends through the side of the needle valve body 126 so as to
place the signal air from the port 118 into communication with the
longitudinal opening of the needle valve. Thus the signal air
during the buildup of pressure in the timing reservoir 140 must be
metered past the needle valve 154 in the manner heretofore
described. Similarly the fluid from the air reservoir 140 must be
metered past the needle valve 154 during its discharge to the
atmosphere.
Referring now to the spool type valve element 164 in accordance
with the present embodiment, the spool valve element 164 is of the
differential diameter type, having a plurality of spaced O-rings
168, 170 and 172, each defining piston means on the valve element
164 slideably received within a large diameter portion 162a of the
valve cylinder 162, and additionally includes an additional O-ring
174 also defining piston means on the valve element 164 and
slideably received within a reduced diameter portion 162b of the
valve cylinder 162. Intermediate the O-rings, the valve element 164
is of slightly reduced diameter to provide annular passageways 178,
180 and 182. Moreover a bleed passageway 184 is provided around the
O-ring 172 and, along with the O-ring 172, acts as a check valve so
that when the pressure buildup on the left of the O-ring 172, as
viewed in FIGS. 9 and 10, is greater than the pressure to the right
thereof, fluid will be bled through the bleed passageway 184,
around the O-ring 172; however, when the pressure to the right of
the O-ring 172 is greater, the O-ring 172 will be driven against a
shoulder 186 in an elongated O-ring groove 188 to block the return
flow of fluid around the O-ring 172.
From the above description of the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, the
operation of the improved control valve is believed clear. However,
briefly, it will be understood that with the absence of signal air
from the port 118, the valve element 164 is biased to the left by
the reservoir pressure entering port 120 and acting on the
effective differential diameters between the piston means defined
by the O-rings 172 and 174. The main or cylinder valve is connected
to the reservoir pressure through the trigger control valve. When
the trigger is depressed the control valve is now opened to the
atmosphere, thus venting the cylinder valve through the passageway
116, 180, and 122. The cylinder valve will now open, allowing the
reservoir pressure to drive the drive piston downwardly to complete
the work stroke. Pressure builds up in the main cylinder of the
tool and exhaust passageways thus creating a signal pressure to the
cycling valve assembly 160 entering through the passageway 118.
After filling the delay chamber 140 of the cycling valve assembly,
the signal fluid is effective to bias the valve element 164 to the
right, to the position illustrated in FIG. 10. This shift is rapid
since the only return bias is the trapped fluid between the O-rings
172 and 174 acting on the effective diameter differences of the
O-rings. Shifting of the valve element 164 to the right connects
the reservoir directly to the cylinder valve through the
passageways 120, 180 and 116. The O-ring 170 has moved between the
ports 116 and 122 to block the communication of the trigger from
the reservoir. As the work cylinder pressure and the signal
pressure are dissipated to the atmosphere, the trapped air between
the O-rings 172 and 174 shift the valve element 164 to the left,
starting the recycling of the tool, providing of course that the
trigger has not yet been released. The shifting of the cycle valve
to the left is now slow enough to allow full-line pressure to build
up above the cylinder valve, insuring positive closure. This
minimizes any unstable or erratic operation of the cylinder
valve.
A tool according to the present invention may readily be converted
for single-cycle operation. Such an embodiment is illustrated in
FIGS. 11 and 12. Similar components in the embodiment of FIGS. 11
and and the previous embodiments are identified by the same
reference numerals. Referring now specifically to FIGS. 11 and 12,
there is provided a single-cycle control valve assembly 190
including a valve cylinder 192 containing both a spool-type valve
element 194 and a needle valve body 126, similar to that heretofore
described, but provided with an end plug 196 rather than the
conventional needle valve. The valve cylinder 192 is of the
differential diameter type, having an enlarged portion 192a and a
reduced diameter portion 192b. The port 152 is provided through the
side of the needle valve body 126 so as to place signal air from
the signal airport 118 into communication with the longitudinal
opening 198 of the needle valve body.
Referring now to the construction of the valve element 194, the
valve element is of the differential diameter type, slideably
received within the valve cylinder 192. A first O-ring 200 defining
piston means is contained on the valve element 194 slideably
received within the large diameter portion 192a of the valve
cylinder 192. Additional spaced O-rings 202, 204 and 206 are
received on the spool-type valve element 194 slideably received
within the reduced diameter portion 192b of the valve cylinder 192.
The valve element 194 is formed with reduced diameter portions
between the O-rings 200, 202, 204 and 206 so as to define annular
passageways 210, 212 and 214.
From the above brief description, the operation of the single-cycle
action valve is believed clear. In the static position illustrated
in FIG. 11, the valve element 194 is positioned to the left with
the cylinder valve of the tool being connected through the trigger
to the reservoir, including the passageways 116, 212 and 122 of the
control valve assembly 190. Direct reservoir pressure through the
control valve assembly 190 is blocked by the O-rings 204 and 206.
Moreover signal pressure through the signal passageway 118 is
absent, as the exhaust of the tool is opened to the atmosphere.
When the trigger is depressed, shutting off the reservoir air to
the cylinder valve, and allowing this pressure to vent to the
atmosphere, the cylinder valve will open exposing the work piston
to the full reservoir pressure. The work piston will then move
downwardly through the drive stroke, and the cylinder exhaust valve
will be closed causing a buildup of pressure in the main cylinder.
Pressurized fluid from the main cylinder will pass through the
signal passageway 118 to act on the effective diameter defined by
the O-ring 200. As soon as sufficient force has built up on the
O-ring diameter 200, the valve element 194 will shift to the right,
to the position illustrated in FIG. 12, in which position the
element 194 connects the cylinder valve with the direct reservoir
pressure through the passageways 120, 212 and 116 of the control
valve assembly 119. The cylinder valve will close, which operation
opens the exhaust valve, dissipates the signal, and allows the
drive piston to return to the normal position. While the trigger is
depressed, the trigger passage 122 is blocked by the O-rings 200
and 202. However as soon as the trigger is released, the reservoir
pressure will be provided through the trigger and through the
trigger passageway 122 to act on the differential diameter portions
of the valve element 194 defined by the difference in the diameter
of O-rings 200 and 202. The tool is now ready to go through another
single-cycle stroke as soon as the trigger is again depressed.
* * * * *