U.S. patent number 3,556,410 [Application Number 04/645,207] was granted by the patent office on 1971-01-19 for spray nozzle.
Invention is credited to Perry Arant, 2461 Marino Drive.
United States Patent |
3,556,410 |
|
January 19, 1971 |
SPRAY NOZZLE
Abstract
A nozzle for spraying hot or superheated fluid, comprising a
nozzle body having a nontapered bore therethrough within which a
solid cylindrical core is concentrically mounted. The
cross-sectional area of the nozzle bore is a little less than twice
that of the core, and the outer end of the core is spaced a
distance from the discharge end of the nozzle equal to about
one-third the length of the nozzle, so that a stream of hot or
superheated fluid discharged from the nozzle is caused to contract
to form a high-velocity discharge stream of liquid surrounded by
steam that can be directed against a surface to clean the same,
without drip or drizzle at the nozzle end when in use. The
cylindrical core has longitudinally spaced, radial positioning ribs
formed thereon, and is received in a counterbore in the inner end
of the nozzle body, said inner end having tapered external threads
thereon for mating with the tapered pipe threads in a mounting
elbow carried by a spray gun barrel. When the nozzle body is
threaded into the elbow, the tapered threads cause the rear end of
the nozzle body to be contracted to thereby lock or secure the
ribbed core in its counterbore.
Inventors: |
Perry Arant, 2461 Marino Drive
(Newport Beach, CA 92660) |
Family
ID: |
24588073 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/645,207 |
Filed: |
June 12, 1967 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/552; 239/525;
239/553; 239/590.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
1/02 (20130101); B05B 1/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
1/00 (20060101); B05B 1/02 (20060101); B05b
001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/590.5,590,553.5,553,552,525 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lloyd L. King
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bacon & Thomas
Claims
1. A nozzle for use with a steam cleaning gun or the like,
comprising: a tubular body having a cylindrical bore therethrough,
one end of said tubular body being an inlet and the other end a
discharge; and a solid cylindrical core having a main body portion
with radial ribs projecting therefrom and being positioned
concentrically within said cylindrical bore with said main body
portion spaced throughout its periphery from said cylindrical bore,
the downstream or discharge end of said core having a flat face and
being spaced inwardly from said discharge end of said tubular body
a sufficient distance to prevent dripping or drizzling when in use,
the cross-sectional area of said bore being approximately twice
2. A nozzle, as recited in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional
area of the bore is about 1.78 times the cross-sectional area of
the main body portion
3. A nozzle, as recited in claim 1, wherein the tubular body has a
concentric counterbore in the inlet end thereof and wherein the
core has a plurality of radially projecting ribs thereon receivable
within said counterbore, said ribs being dimensioned to center said
core within said cylindrical bore and to space the one end of the
core from the discharge
4. A nozzle, as recited in claim 1, wherein the core has one set of
radially projecting ribs adjacent one end thereof and a second set
of radially projecting ribs located about midway between said one
set of ribs
5. A nozzle, as recited in claim 1, wherein the other end of the
core is beveled and projects outwardly a short distance beyond the
inlet end of
6. A nozzle, as recited in claim 5, wherein the core is about
two-thirds as
7. A nozzle, as recited in claim 5, wherein the length of the
tubular body
8. A nozzle, as recited in claim 1, wherein the cylindrical core is
unitary, and wherein the other end of the core is frustoconical,
and wherein the flat end face of the core is perpendicular to the
longitudinal
9. A nozzle, as recited in claim 1, wherein the flat end face of
the core is set back from the end of the tubular body a distance
equal to about
10. In combination: a hollow fitting adapted to be connected at one
end thereof with a source of hot liquid, and having internal pipe
threads in its other end; and a nozzle, comprising: a tubular body
having a cylindrical bore therethrough extending from an inlet end
to a discharge end of said body, said body having a counterbore
extending inwardly from said inlet end, the inlet end of said body
having external tapered pipe threads thereon for mating with the
threads in said fitting; and a cylindrical core mounted in said
cylindrical bore, said core having a plurality of radially
extending positioning ribs thereon received within said
counterbore, at least a portion of said ribs lying in the region of
said external pipe threads, said tapered pipe threads on said
tubular body and in said fitting cooperating when threaded together
to deform said inlet end of said body inwardly to thereby grasp
said ribs and secure said
11. The combination, as cited in claim 10, wherein the counterbore
terminates in a radial shoulder, and wherein the ribs on said core
are
12. The combination, as recited in claim 10, wherein the
cross-sectional
13. The combination, as recited in claim 12, wherein the forward
end of said core is set back from the discharge end of said body
about one-third
14. The combination, as recited in claim 10, wherein the core
includes a frustoconical tip on an end thereof that projects beyond
the inlet end of said body, and wherein the other end of said core
has a face that lies in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of said core.
Description
This invention relates generally to nozzles for spraying hot or
superheated fluid, and more particularly to a nozzle designed to
produce a high velocity, concentrated discharge stream comprised of
approximately 90 percent liquid and 10 percent steam.
The present nozzle is a substantial improvement over its
predecessor shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,130,628, utilized to spray hot
fluid containing detergent against a surface to be cleaned. The
foregoing nozzle includes a solid cylindrical core mounted
concentrically within a tapered nozzle member, the hot liquid
passing under pressure through the converging annular space between
the core and the inner wall of the nozzle member. The core
terminates close to the end of the nozzle so that as the liquid
flows over the outer end of the core a vacuum is created, which
concentrates and forms the discharging stream into a conical shape
that gives it cohesion for some distance beyond the nozzle tip
where it then diverges very slightly. The present concentrated
stream is far more effective than the prior stream for cleaning
objects against which it is sprayed. Also, the present nozzle
eliminates dripping and drizzle which occurred under certain
conditions of use of the prior nozzle.
The operation of the nozzle of U.S. Pat. No. 2,130,628 is generally
satisfactory, but greater concentration and higher velocity of the
discharge stream has been found to be desirable to provide more
rapid and efficient cleaning of surfaces. The present nozzle is
specifically designed to maximize flow conditions, so that a more
coherent, concentrated stream of substantially higher velocity than
that available from the prior nozzle is obtained.
The nozzle of the prior patent requires an angled elbow discharge
tip for mounting of the core, which tip must be specially cast, and
otherwise imposes certain maneuverability and design limitations on
the nozzle. The present nozzle utilizes conventional pipe and
fittings to contain and mount the cylindrical core, and thus offers
advantages in design simplicity and flexibility, as well as economy
of manufacture.
The present nozzle is designed for attachment to the outer end of
the discharge barrel of a spray gun connected by a hose with the
boiler of a steam cleaner unit or the like, and functions to
convert hot or superheated liquid supplied thereto into a high
velocity, concentrated discharge jet comprised of about 90 percent
liquid and 10 percent steam, the steam flowing about a coherent
liquid center. The nozzle is designed to maximize flow conditions,
so that the discharge stream has an impact against a surface to be
cleaned of from 20 percent to 25 percent greater than can be
obtained with the nozzle of U.S. Pat. No. 2,130,628.
The nozzle of the present invention is designed for connection to a
conventional 30.degree. elbow pipe fitting mounted on the outer end
of a cleaning gun barrel, and includes a tubular nozzle or body
having a bore of uniform diameter therethrough with a shallow
counterbore in its inner end, the inner end of said body having
external, tapered pipe threads thereon for connecting with the
tapered internal threads of the elbow. Received within the
cylindrical body is a solid cylindrical core of uniform diameter
having a plurality of identical, spaced, radially projecting forged
ribs thereon that engage the wall of the counterbore to position
the core concentrically within the nozzle body. When the core is in
place and the nozzle body is threaded into the 30.degree. elbow,
the tapered threads cause the inner end of the tubular body to
deform or contract inwardly behind the rearmost ribs on the core,
so that the core is held in position until such time as the nozzle
is unthreaded from the elbow. This unique mounting method permits
the core to be easily inserted, or removed for cleaning or
replacement, and makes for economy in manufacture and
servicing.
While U.S. Pat. No. 2,130,628 indicates generally the principle on
which the present nozzle operates, it contains no teaching of the
structural relationships that will produce maximum conditions of
coherency and velocity in the discharge stream. The present nozzle
is designed to achieve such maximum conditions, and thus
constitutes a significant improvement over the prior nozzle.
In the present nozzle, the cross-sectional area of the bore in the
nozzle body is a little less than twice the cross-sectional area of
the cylindrical core, a relationship that gives maximum convergence
of the pressurized hot liquid flowing through the nozzle and
imparts maximum velocity to the discharge stream. In addition, the
core is set back sufficiently from the nozzle outlet to
substantially eliminate undesirable dripping or drizzle from the
nozzle during operation.
It is an important object of the present invention to provide a
nozzle for use with superheated or hot liquids, designed to produce
a discharge stream of maximum coherency and velocity.
Another object is to provide a nozzle designed to minimize dripping
or drizzle from the nozzle during operation.
A further object is to provide a nozzle including a cylindrical
core formed to be precisely centered within its tubular body, and
which can be easily inserted and removed.
Still another object is to provide a nozzle including a tubular
body having a counterbore therein for receiving a ribbed
cylindrical core, the inner end of the body being deformable during
threading into a mounting opening for securing the ribbed core in
position.
Yet another object is to provide a cylindrical core for a nozzle,
designed with positioning ribs thereon that direct flow and ensure
precise locating of the core within a tubular body.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of the invention
will be readily apparent from the accompanying drawings, and
following description of the preferred embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a steam cleaning gun with the
nozzle of the invention attached to the gun barrel;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged axial sectional view through the nozzle,
showing the structural relationship between the cylindrical core
and the tubular body which provides for maximum flow conditions in
the discharge stream; and
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on the line 3-3 in
FIG. 2 showing the positioning ribs formed on the cylindrical
core.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1, a cleaning gun barrel is indicated at 2, which
comprises an elongated pipe connected at one end by a coupling 4 to
a flexible conduit 6 leading from the outlet of a steam cleaner
unit or other apparatus (not shown) for furnishing superheated or
hot liquid to the cleaning gun. A pair of insulated handles or
grips 8 is mounted on the barrel 2 so that an operator can hold and
manipulate the same without getting burned. Suitable valve means
(not shown) controls the supply of heated liquid to the gun 2.
The other end 10 of the barrel 2 is externally threaded, and
received thereon is a conventional 30.degree. elbow pipe fitting
12. The fitting 12 has internally threaded ends 14 and 16, the
threads being conventional tapered pipe threads. The barrel 2 is
threaded into the elbow end 14, and threaded into the other end 16
is the inner end 18 of a tubular body 20 of the present nozzle
22.
The tubular body 20 has a cylindrical bore 24 extending completely
therethrough, and the end faces 26 and 28, respectively, thereof
are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore 24.
Extending into the tubular body from the inner end face 26 is a
shallow counterbore 30 of uniform diameter, and which is disposed
concentrically relative to the bore 24. The counterbore 30
terminates in a radial shoulder 32. The inner end 18 of the tubular
body 20 has external threads 34 thereon, which extend axially for
about one-third of the length of the counterbore. The threads 34 on
the body end 18 are conventional tapered pipe threads, like the
tapered threads within the end 16 of the elbow 12, and mate with
the elbow pipe threads. Thus, when the tubular body end 18 is
threaded into the elbow end 16 it is deformed slightly inwardly by
the mating tapered threads. This deformation is utilized to secure
the nozzle core 36 in position, as will be described.
The cylindrical core 36 is made from solid bar stock, and has a
main body portion of uniform diameter throughout its length. The
inner end of the core 36 has a frustoconical tip 38 formed at an
angle A of 30.degree., while the outer end face 40 thereof is
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core. Formed from the
metal of the core 36, by forging, are outer and inner sets of
radially projecting positioning ribs 42 and 44, respectively, there
being four equally spaced ribs in each set, as shown in FIG. 3,
which space the periphery of the main body portion of the core from
the bore 24. The forging process whereby the ribs 42 and 44 are
formed, leaves shallow depressions 46 and 48, respectively, in the
core 36 between the ribs.
The overall length of the core 36 from inner end 38 to outer end 40
is about two-thirds the length of the tubular body 20. The inner
end of the core 36 should project rearwardly out of the tubular
body 20 a distance equal to about twice the axial length of the
frustoconical tip 38. The ribs 42 cooperating with the shoulder 32
are located to ensure such positioning of the core. The ribs 42 and
44 serve to precisely center the core concentrically in the bore
24.
The ribs 42 are positioned axially on the core 36 so that the outer
end faces 50 thereof all lie in the same plane, and so that said
faces 50 will all abut the shoulder 32 when the core is properly
positioned axially of the tubular body 20. The peripheral faces 52
of the ribs 42 are all arcuate and lie on a common circle of a
diameter just slightly less than the diameter of the counterbore
30. The ribs 44 have similarly formed and disposed peripheral faces
54 thereon, and are positioned to lie directly beneath the threaded
inner end 18 of the tubular body 20.
Thus, the core 36 is easily positioned correctly within the tubular
body 20 merely by inserting it into the counterbore 30 until the
end faces 50 of the ribs 42 engage the shoulder 32. The tubular
body 20 is then threaded into the elbow 12, the tapered threads
automatically functioning to contract the inner end 18 of the
tubular body 20, resulting in gripping of the ribs 44 so that the
core is immovably secured in place. When the tubular body 20 is
unthreaded from the elbow 12 the gripping force on the ribs 44 is
relieved, and the core 36 can then be easily removed for cleaning
and then reinstalled.
The core 36, as has been stated, is about two-thirds the length of
the tubular body 20. Thus, the outer one-third of the tubular body,
indicated at L in FIG. 2, is completely open and the bore 24 is of
uniform diameter. It has been found that a setback of about the
length L from the tubular body end face 28 to the core end face 40,
which setback is far greater than the setback in U.S. Pat. No.
2,130,628, substantially eliminates nozzle drip or drizzle when in
operation, and results in all escaping liquid being a part of the
discharge stream.
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the uniform diameter
cylindrical bore 24 to the cross-sectional area of the uniform
diameter cylindrical core 36 has been found to be important to
maximizing the coherency and velocity of hot or supersaturated
liquid discharging from the nozzle 20, the best results being
obtained when the area of the bore 24 is about twice that of the
core 36. For proper performance the core 36 must be precisely
centered within the bore 24, which is accomplished by the ribs 42
and 44.
In theory, the nozzle 20 functions much like the nozzle of U.S.
Pat. No. 2,130,628. Experiments with both nozzles have shown,
however, that for the same fluid pressure the present nozzle will
deliver a discharge stream with a 20 percent to 25 percent greater
impact than the prior nozzle, which stream is also more compact and
hence has a greater trajectory or range.
In operation, superheated or hot liquid is supplied under pressure
from the conduit 6 to the barrel of gun 2, from whence it enters as
liquid into the nozzle 20 over the frustoconical core tip 38. The
liquid remains in a liquid state as it flows over the core 36, and
as it leaves the core end face 40 a vacuum is formed that causes
the stream to converge into a coherent jet, as explained in U.S.
Pat. 2,130,628. The ribs 42 and 44 direct the stream axially as it
flows along the core 36. As the discharge stream of hot liquid
leaves the nozzle 20 at the end face 28 expansion occurs, with the
result being that the discharge stream is about 90 percent liquid
and about 10 percent steam. The core of the stream is all liquid,
and the the steam surrounds the core as a vapor. By properly
manipulating the barrel 2 the discharge stream can be played
against any desired surface.
While the proportions of the nozzle 22 can be varied, the following
dimensions will provide an operative example of a nozzle that meets
all the objects of the invention: ##SPC1##Accordingly, the
cross-sectional area of the bore 24 is 0.196 sq. inches and the
area of the core 36 is 0.110 sq. inches, or approximately twice
that of the core area. Mathematically, the bore area is 1.78 times
the core area. Also, the core 36 is about two-thirds as long as the
tubular body 20, although mathematically it is nine-thirteenths as
long, or the body length is 1.44 times that of the core.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings.
* * * * *