U.S. patent number 3,552,349 [Application Number 04/766,672] was granted by the patent office on 1971-01-05 for watercraft and method of fabricating the same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hydro Cycle Inc.. Invention is credited to Harvey L. Snow.
United States Patent |
3,552,349 |
Snow |
January 5, 1971 |
WATERCRAFT AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME
Abstract
A watercraft including a hull having a central narrow elongated
planing surface below its keel, shallow-angled hull surfaces
projecting outwardly therefrom, and a superstructure including a
pedestal seat and a handle bar at the front operably interconnected
to an outboard motor at the rear thereof.
Inventors: |
Snow; Harvey L. (San Jose,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Hydro Cycle Inc. (San Jose,
CA)
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Family
ID: |
25077161 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/766,672 |
Filed: |
October 21, 1968 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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684310 |
Nov 20, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
114/55.57;
114/288 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63B
34/10 (20200201) |
Current International
Class: |
B63B
35/73 (20060101); B63b 001/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;9/6,1 ;114/56,66.5
;115/70 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Blix; Trygve M.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation in part of application No.
684,310 filed Nov. 20, 1967 and now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A watercraft which comprises:
a hull including a narrow elongated flat planing surface formed
along its keel with substantially parallel edges and a transverse
dimension greater than one-fifth but less than one-half of the
transverse hull dimension;
substantially planar hull surfaces extending laterally upwardly
from opposite sides of said planing surface at shallow angles;
and
means forming a step up from each edge of said planing surface to
the adjacent edge of said shallow-angled hull surfaces, each step
being dimensionally much smaller than the width of said elongated
planing surface.
2. A watercraft according to claim 1 which comprises, chine
sections angled upwardly at steep angles from the outer edges of
said shallow-angled hull surfaces.
3. A watercraft according to claim 2 wherein, said central planing
surface, said shallow-angled hull surfaces, and the adjacent
surfaces of said chine sections gradually merge in a single
V-shaped surface at the bow portion of the hull.
4. A watercraft according to claim 3 wherein, said V-shaped bow
surface slightly rises toward the foremost extremity thereof.
5. A watercraft according to claim 4 wherein, said hull has a
horizontal outline which tapers outwardly from a point at its bow
end thereafter has a beam dimension considerably in excess of its
draft dimension.
6. A watercraft according to claim 1 which comprises:
a flat elongated keel; and
said hull being formed by a single molded element of fiberglass
with the portion over said keel forming said planing surface.
7. A watercraft according to claim 1 which comprises, a
superstructure joined to said hull along its perimeter and
including a central pedestal adapted to provide a seat for an
occupant.
8. A watercraft according to claim 7 which comprises:
a swivel chair on said pedestal; and
means adapted to connect said chair to a steering unit for the
watercraft.
9. A watercraft according to claim 1 wherein, the undersurface of
said hull has a shallow longitudinal V-shape.
10. A watercraft according to claim 9 wherein, the apex of said V
is substantially centered longitudinally of said hull
undersurface.
11. A watercraft according to claim 1 wherein, said lateral hull
surfaces extend rearwardly further than said central planing
surface thereby to form sponsons adjacent the stern portion of the
watercraft.
12. A watercraft according to claim 11 which comprises, means
adapted to mount a motor between said sponsons.
13. A watercraft according to claim 12 which comprises:
a superstructure joined to said hull and carrying said
motor-mounting means; and
steering means mounted on said superstructure and including cables
adapted for connection to the motor and extending laterally
outboard from their connection to said motor.
14. A watercraft according to claim 13 wherein, said steering means
includes a steering post mounted on said superstructure to extend
forwardly and downwardly adjacent the bow portion thereof.
15. A watercraft according to claim 1 wherein, the undersurface of
said hull includes a concave hook adjacent the stern portion
thereof.
16. A watercraft according to claim 1 which further comprises,
sponsons substantially outboard of said narrow planing surface to
provide stabilizing flotation to said hull on the lower side of
said hull during a turn.
17. A hull configuration for effecting safe controlled turns of a
shallow draft substantially flat-bottom planing watercraft
comprising:
a narrow elongated planing surface formed along the keel of said
hull with substantially parallel edges and a transverse dimension
greater than one-fifth but less than one-half of the transverse
hull dimension;
hull surfaces extending laterally upwardly from opposite sides of
said planing surface at shallow angles;
means forming a step up from each of the opposite edges of said
planing surface to the adjacent shallow angled hull surface which
is substantially smaller than the width of said planing surface to
pile up water on the side of said hull opposite a turn; and
sponsons on said hull substantially outboard from said planing
surface to provide flotation for that side of the hull upon which
water is not piled up by the step during said turn.
18. A watercraft comprising:
a hull having a planing surface formed along its keel having
parallel edges with a transverse dimension more than one-fifth and
less than one-half of the transverse hull dimension, lateral
surfaces joined to said planar surface by shallow steps on both
sides and extending laterally upwardly at shallow angles and
transom means for mounting an outboard motor at its stern;
a pedestal carrying a driver's seat mounted on said hull;
an outboard motor secured to said transom means;
means for steering the watercraft including a pivoted handlebar
forward of said driver's seat, lever means at the lower end of said
handlebar within said hull; and
a flexible steering cable attached at its midlength to said lever
means and at its ends to said motor, all of said steering cable
except its ends being enclosed within said hull and pedestal.
19. The watercraft of claim 18 wherein, the ends of said steering
cable first extend laterally outboard from their points of
connection to said motor and then from the outboardmost point of
each cable portion into the interior of said pedestal and hull to
said lever means.
Description
The present invention relates generally to watercraft and, more
particularly, to that type of watercraft which presents a planing
surface to the water so that minimal frictional resistance to
motion of the watercraft is encountered, and to the method of
fabricating such watercraft.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Innumerable hull designs have been proposed to reduce the water
resistance encountered during movement of a watercraft over the
surface of the water through the general expedient of providing a
flat planing surface which render the craft capable of skimming
over the surface of the water after a certain minimal speed has
been attained. For the most part, to provide stability of the
watercraft, the planing surface has a rather large transverse
dimension and to enable planing at a minimal speed, the planing
surface also has a rather large dimension longitudinally of the
watercraft. Not only do these dimensional requirements increase the
overall water resistance to motion of the planing surface itself,
but, most frequently, result in a design of a hull having a shallow
draft which presents problems when choppy water is encountered, a
common example being the flipping of the conventional hydroplane
when its slightly elevated bow encounters a wave.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an objective of the present invention to provide
a novel form of planing watercraft whose hull design is such that
the planing surface has a minimal area thus to reduce water
resistance to movement and yet which at the same time assures
stability and maneuverability of the craft in smooth or rough
water, and to also provide a novel method of fabricating such
watercraft.
In general terms, the hull of the watercraft, embodying the present
invention, is of rather shallow draft including an elongated but
rather narrow planing surface formed along its keel, such planing
surface being laterally joined by slightly upwardly inclined hull
surfaces so that the overall transverse configuration of the hull
is that of a shallow V. Preferably, a slight step is formed at
opposite sides of the planing surface so that if planing speed has
been established, this central narrow planing surface provides
substantially the entire support for the moving watercraft and
permits the same to be banked and turned quickly after the fashion
of a motorcycle. However, lateral stability precluding excessive
banking of the craft is provided by the adjacent shallow V-sections
of the hull.
The forward portion of the hull preferably tapers outwardly from a
bow section having a deep V-configuration which permits ease of
entry into a small wave and the flare of the bow gradually fades
into angularly disposed chine sections which cooperate with the bow
area to maintain the forward portion of the hull above the surface
of the water, whether such surface be calm or somewhat rough.
Preferably, sponsons extend rearwardly from the hull stern at
opposite sides thereof, forming therebetween a central cutout
portion within which a conventional outboard motor is centrally
received. In this manner, additional buoyancy for support of the
motor is provided. However, such additional buoyant effect, at the
stern, although providing support for the motor and restricting any
reverse tipping of the hull during rapid acceleration, tends to
lower the bow of the hull. Accordingly, to preclude bow entry into
small waves and a "nosing under" effect, a slight V-shape in the
longitudinal undersurface of the hull is provided. More
particularly, the apex of the V is substantially centered
longitudinally of the hull, and provides a raised angle on the
front portion of the hull undersurface of approximately 2
degrees.
To provide additional stability, a "hook" is provided in the hull
undersurface adjacent the stern, such "hook" being defined by a
longitudinal concavity in the hull undersurface extending for
approximately 18 inches and having a maximum central depth of no
more than 1/2 inch.
While various superstructures can be attached to the hull section,
because of its motorcyclelike operating characteristics, such
superstructures can conveniently take the form of a central
pedestal mounted amidships to provide a seat for an occupant, and a
forward pedestal which can mount a handlebar suitably connected in
a novel fashion to the mentioned outboard motor mounted on a
transom at the rear of the craft. The superstructure from its
central position extends outwardly in a deck which slightly rises
towards its outer edge so as to be considerably spaced upwardly
from the hull thus to provide a hollow flotation structure serving
to maintain the craft in a stable upright position even when at
rest.
Both the hull and superstructure are preferably formed by
individual integral sections of molded fiberglass joined at their
peripheries with the outboard sections filled with buoyant plastic
foam under pressure. The mentioned "hook" is formed by supporting
the stern portion of the hull over a convex jig during such
pressurized insertion of the plastic foam, thus to effect
automatically the desired concave "hook" configuration.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
As will be more apparent hereinafter, alternate superstructures and
slight modifications in the hull design can be envisioned without
departing from the spirit of the invention and as a consequence
several exemplary embodiments of the invention are depicted in the
accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a watercraft embodying the present
invention as observed from the upper front quarter thereof,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the undersurface of the hull of the
watercraft,
FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure,
FIG. 4 is a rear view thereof,
FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially along
line 5-5 of FIG. 1,
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal central sectional view taken along line
6-6 of FIG. 1,
FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a modified embodiment of the
invention,
FIG. 8 is a perspective view, similar to FIG. 1, of another
modified embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of the FIG. 8 structure with portions
broken away to show details of its steering arrangement,
FIG. 10 is a central longitudinal sectional view taken along line
10-10 of FIG. 9, and
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating the formation
of the stern hook in the bottom of the hull during fabrication
thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With initial general reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 the watercraft
includes two basic elements, each of which are preferably formed by
a single molded fiberglass structure. The underlying element which
constitutes the hull 10 of the watercraft is generally of shallow
substantially flat configuration tapering outwardly in horizontal
outline from a point at the bow 12 of the craft to a relatively
broad beam dimension throughout the remainder of its length. The
overlying superstructure 14 has the same general horizontal outline
so that it can be placed over the described hull structure and
sealed thereto in a conventional fashion.
As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the bow portion 12 of the hull, is
generally V-shaped in transverse cross section, the sides of the V
having a slightly convex configuration which gradually straightens,
foreshortens and becomes more upright adjacent its perimeter as can
be seen by reference to FIGS. 3, 5, and 4 in sequence thus to form
sharply-angled chine sections 16 at the outer edge of the hull
which join at their upper edges the lower extremity of the molded
superstructure 14, as mentioned hereinabove.
Interiorly of the chine sections 16 as viewed transversely in FIGS.
3, 4, and 5, the hull has bottom surfaces 18 forming a very shallow
V-configuration which increase their angular relationship as the
bow 12 of the hull is approached, so as to merge with the
decreasing angle of the described chine sections, and thus
ultimately form the relatively deep V at the bow of the hull.
Throughout the majority of the length of the entire structure,
these bottom hull surfaces 18 are disposed at a rather shallow
angle relative to the horizontal and preferably no more than ten
degrees. As these laterally-extending and slightly angled bottom
surfaces 18 approach the center or keel portion of the hull, they
join opposite edges of a central narrow-elongated planing surface
20 formed by the molding of the fiberglass over a keel member 22
(see FIG. 6). As clearly illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, a slight
step 24 is formed at the juncture between each of the
angularly-disposed bottom hull surfaces 18 and the central planing
surface 20, which conveniently can be approximately one inch in
vertical dimension. The transverse dimension of such planing
surface 20 is considerably greater than the step 24 and is
preferably about one quarter the entire transverse dimension of the
hull 10. For example, if the hull structure has an overall beam of
48 inches, the central horizontal planing surface 20 preferably has
a transverse dimension of approximately 12 inches.
Preferably, the steps 24 at the opposite edges of the planing
surface 20 are substantially vertical throughout most of the length
of the hull, but, toward its forward portion thereof, gradually
attain a divergent taper, as clearly illustrated in FIG. 3, and, in
turn, the planing surface 20 gradually merges with the joining
surfaces of the angularly disposed bottom surfaces 18 of the hull,
as they approach the bow so that the planing surface disappears at
this point and only the V-shaped bow portion 12 of the hull remains
at its foremost end. Thus, while for most of the length of the
craft, it includes a central substantially horizontal planing
surface 20, and shallow upwardly-angled bottom surfaces 18
extending laterally from opposite sides thereof, and a final
sharply angled pair of chine sections 16 adjacent its outermost
edge, all of the surfaces merge towards the forward or bow end of
the craft to form the single V-shaped bow section thereof. The
central planing surface 20 terminates before the angular bottom
surfaces 18 at the hull stern, leaving a central cutout portion 28
which will accommodate an outboard motor 40 indicated in phantom
lines in FIGS. 1 and 6, the outer stern sections of the hull then
taking the form of sponsons 29.
Whereas the aforementioned superstructure 14 has the same general
horizontal outline as the described hull 10 so that it can be
superposed thereover and joined in suitable sealing relationship
thereto at its edges, it can have various configurations to
accommodate the occupants of the craft, a drive mechanism therefor
and a suitable steering mechanism. As shown, most clearly in FIGS.
1 and 6, the single molded fiberglass superstructure element
preferably includes an upwardly projecting hollow pedestal 30 at a
location amidships of the entire structure that is arranged to
receive a cushion 32 to provide a seat for the occupants. On either
side of this pedestal 30 the superstructure 14 falls away to form a
deck surface 34 upon which the feet of the occupant or occupants
can be placed. The deck 34 extends laterally in an angularly upward
disposition for a predetermined distance and thence directly
outwardly and finally downwardly to join the hull 10 and form what
may be considered the gunwale 36 of the structure. Preferably,
between this deck 34 of the superstructure 14 and the hull 10
therebelow, plastic foam (not shown) is inserted to add buoyancy to
the entire structure and because of the outward inclination of the
deck structure, such buoyancy is maximized towards the outer edges
of the craft. As one progresses forwardly along the watercraft, the
outer deck surface 34 lowers and since, as previously described,
the underlying hull 10 slopes upwardly as its various sections
merge into the V-shaped bow end of 12 of the craft, these buoyancy
chambers formed at the outer lateral edges of the structure
terminate leaving only the rather shallow hullstructure at the bow
end remaining. Because of this particular configuration of the hull
10 and the lateral sections of the superstructure greater buoyancy
is obtained at the rearmost or stern end of the structure whereat
an outboard motor 40 is suitably mounted on a heavy transom 26
mounted at the rear of the keel 22 within the joined peripheral
sections of the molded fiberglass of the superstructure 14 and hull
10 adjacent the rear end of the structure where it is centrally
cutout as indicated at 28.
Any suitable outboard motor 40 can be employed, but it has been
found that a watercraft, having a beam of 4 feet and an overall
length of approximately 7 feet, as described, can be driven over
the water at speeds in excess of 30 miles an hour with an outboard
motor having a power rating of no more than 14 horsepower.
For controlling energization of such motor 40, a pivoted lever 42
can be conveniently mounted on the side of the seat-supporting
pedestal 30 and when moved forwardly from the disposition, shown in
FIG. 1, will effect through an appropriate connecting cable 44 (see
FIG. 6), appropriate rotation of the outboard motor propeller to
effect forward motion of the entire craft. In turn, if the pivoted
lever 42 is moved to the illustrated neutral position, the
connecting cable 44 effects idling motion of the propeller and a
further rearward movement of the control lever 42 will effect
rotation of the propeller in the reverse direction to enable
rearward motion of the craft in the water. Since outboard motors
are conventionally designed to provide for such forward, reverse,
or neutral actuation, no further details of the structure or
operation of the motor 40 itself will be given.
It is also well known that outboard motors normally include pivotal
mounts enabling turning thereof about a vertical axis and
additional steering cables 46 are connected between the motor and a
lever 48 at the lower end of a vertically-pivoted handlebar 50
mounted in a second pedestal 52 in front of that which carries the
operator's seat 32. The steering cables 46 can conveniently pass
through the space between the molded fiberglass superstructure 14
and the molded fiberglass hull 10 thereunder. This forward pedestal
52 upon which the handlebar 50 is mounted also is an integral part
of the molded fiberglass superstructure and its hollow interior
conveniently serves to house a gasoline tank 54 having a suitable
fluid communication with the outboard motor 40 at the rear of the
craft. Additionally, a gas cap 56 is formed in the upper portion of
the pedestal 52 to facilitate replacement of the fuel.
In view of the fact that the structure, as described and shown in
FIGS. 1 through 6, inclusive, is relatively simple and can be
formed from molded fiberglass sections, with the dimensions as
mentioned, that is an overall length of approximately 7 feet and a
maximum beam dimension of 4 feet, such structure need weigh no more
than 90 pounds, additional weight being added by the motor 40,
whose weight obviously will depend upon its size. It will therefore
be obvious that the entire structure is very portable and can
conveniently be carried in most station wagons.
When the structure, as described, is at rest in the water, the
existing water line will appear substantially as indicated at WL in
FIG. 3, so that not only is the central planing surface 20 below
the surface of the water, but the upwardly angled bottom surfaces
18 of the hull 10 also are in contact with the water throughout
most of their width, a slight variance being encountered depending
upon the weight of the occupant or occupants of the watercraft. As
a consequence, substantially the entire length of the craft and its
entire beam is in water contact to provide a stable structure when
at rest.
When the motor 40 is energized to instigate forward movement of the
watercraft the sloping V-shaped bow 12 will attempt to rise over
the surface of the water and as continued increase in speed is
attained, the angled surfaces 18 of the hull 10 are gradually
brought out of contact with the water until finally when a speed in
excess of 12 miles per hour is obtained, substantially only the
narrow elongated planing surface 20 will be in contact with the
water and, as a consequence, relatively high rates of speed can be
obtained with motive power of relatively low horsepower. As
previously mentioned, a 14 horsepower motor can drive a 7 foot
craft, as described, at a speed in excess of 30 miles an hour with
an occupant weighing 180 pounds riding on its seat. Depending upon
the precise speed and the weight of the occupant and the motor 40,
the total vertical penetration of the craft into the water will
obviously vary, but, under normal operating conditions, with a 14
horsepower motor and an occupant weighing approximately 180 pounds
only the central planing surface 20 and the steps 24 at opposite
sides thereof will be in substantially continuous engagement with
the supporting water. The horizontal planing surface 20 maintains
the structure on the surface and the contact between the water and
the steps 24 at the side of such planing surface 20 maintain the
entire structure in a balanced, upright position, even though
substantially no water contact exists with the laterally extending
angular surfaces 18 of the hull. Because of this minimal contact,
relatively great speeds, as mentioned, can be obtained with a
relatively small outboard motor.
However, in spite of the relatively small contact and in fact
because of such relatively small contact between the central
planing surface 20 of the hull 10 and the water thereunder, turning
of the craft in the water is facilitated. If the handlebar 50 is
turned to effect a rotation of the outboard motor 40 in one
direction, it will be apparent that the rear portion of the craft
will be urged initially in the opposite direction and because of
the small contact with the underlying water, such turning will be
rapid and the craft becomes extremely maneuverable, being capable
of complete turning in a distance no more than twice its overall
length. Furthermore because of the configuration of the hull 10 the
entire watercraft will bank or slope downwardly in the direction of
turning to facilitate such maneuverability, as described.
Particularly, as the motor 40 urges the stern end opposite to the
direction of turning, a buildup of water is achieved by the lateral
shifting of the step 24 adjacent the stern which, in turn,
positively effects the desired banking of the craft. Finally, if
the turning be excessive, one angular side surface 18 of the hull
bottom will come into contact with the water so as to prevent
excessive banking and ultimate capsize.
Even though the structure, as described, is extremely maneuverable
and is capable of moving over the water at a relatively high rate
of speed, if choppy water is encountered, no deleterious effects
result. More particularly, if a small wave is encountered by the
bow 12 of the craft, it immediately lifts because of its V-shaped
configuration and no tripping of the craft is experienced.
Furthermore, because of the slow angular deviation of the chine
sections 16 at the side of the craft, entry into waves even at a
slight angle will still effect a lighting of the hull 10 rather
than a tripping penetration into such wave. As a consequence, the
craft is capable of operating with the described speed and
maneuverability over substantially all waves encountered in normal
use on a river or a lake and furthermore can usually handle very
well the long swells encountered in the ocean.
It will be apparent that substantial changes can be made in the
hull design, that of the superstructure, or the manner of
propelling the watercraft without departing from the spirit of the
invention and one slight modification designed for use by fishermen
is illustrated in FIG. 7. In such modification, the major portion
of the structure is identical to that shown and described in
connection with the first embodiment of the invention and
corresponding parts will accordingly be indicated by like reference
numerals with an added prime notation to enable
differentiation.
The underlying hull structure 10' is identical and the
superstructure 14' is generally similar in that it includes a
pedestal 30' amidships and one adjacent the bow 12' of the
watercraft. However, the forward pedestal 52' has no handlebar but
merely houses a gasoline tank interiorly thereof, as in the first
embodiment, and preferably includes a flat tablelike cover 60,
which is relatively rigid and hard so that a fisherman can perform
various operations such as baiting of a hook thereon. This cover 60
can, of course, be lifted to expose, in addition to the
aforementioned gasoline tank, a storage compartment within which a
bait box or the like can be carried. The rearward pedestal 30'
mounts a swivel chair 62 on which the fisherman may be seated. To
free his hands for the fishing operation such chair 62 is
preferably connected by a pivoted linkage 64 to the motor 40' so
that as the seat is turned by the fisherman, a corresponding
turning of the motor for purposes of steering is achieved. Thus,
for example, when travelling, the fisherman can continue to hold
the fishing pole with both hands and maneuver the watercraft by the
simple turning of the chair 62. Since other details of the
construction of this modified embodiment correspond to those
described in connection with the first embodiment of the invention,
as does its general operation, no further delineation of those
details will be repeated.
Yet another significant modification of the invention is
illustrated in FIGS. 8--11 which generally constitutes a watercraft
of slightly larger dimensions than that shown and described as the
first embodiment of the invention so that several persons can be
carried during operation more conveniently. Generally, the hull 10"
and superstructure 14" have a similar configuration and accordingly
corresponding parts will be indicated by like reference numerals
with an added double prime notation to enable differentiation.
More particularly, since this modified watercraft is slightly
larger, a more powerful outboard motor 40" is preferably employed
and since such larger motor has greater weight, certain significant
modifications in the hull design are incorporated although it will
be apparent that these modifications can as well be incorporated in
the first embodiment of the invention, if desired.
Specifically, because of the greater weight of the motor, the
sponsons 29" at the opposite sides of the stern project further
rearwardly, thus to provide a larger cutout section 28" for the
larger motor and at the same time provide additional buoyancy to
preclude reverse tipping of the watercraft during initial
acceleration. At certain speeds however, this additional buoyancy
at the stern of the watercraft tends to force the bow portion of
the watercraft downwardly so that if small waves are encountered,
the tendency might exist for the bow to "nose-under" and thus
effect a tripping which might cause a dangerous forward flipping of
the watercraft. Accordingly, the undersurface of the hull including
the central planing surface 20" and the adjacent sloping surfaces
18" are provided with a shallow longitudinal V-shaped
configuration. The center of the V indicated at 70, is at or
slightly forward of the longitudinal center of the hull 10" and as
best shown in FIG. 10, provides for a raising of the forward
portion of the planing surface through an angle of approximately
2.degree.. In this manner the additional buoyancy of the stern of
the watercraft is accommodated without any deleterious tripping of
the bow portion.
To provide additional stability, a slight hook 72 is formed in the
undersurface of the hull 10" adjacent its stern. More particularly,
this hook 72 takes the form of a longitudinal concavity preferably
extending for about 18 inches adjacent the hull stern, the maximum
longitudinally-centered depth of the concavity being preferably
between 1/4 and 1/2 inch, as best indicated in FIG. 10. As a result
of such hook and the previously described longitudinal V in the
hull shape, this modified watercraft operates with greater
stability under all water and speed conditions.
As previously mentioned the superstructure 14" of this modified
embodiment is generally similar to that described in connection
with the first embodiment of the invention with the central
pedestal 30" being somewhat lengthened to accommodate several
persons.
In addition, as best shown in FIG. 9, a slightly modified steering
arrangement is provided which facilitates operation of the
watercraft. In the first place, the steering post with a handlebar
50" attached to its upper end is sloped at a considerable angle
forwardly and downwardly so that as the handlebar is turned to
steer the watercraft, no interference with the driver is
experienced. The lower end of the steering post carries lever means
in the form of a pulley 48" about which a cable 46" is trained to
pass rearwardly through the central pedestal adjacent opposite
sides thereof. The two cable sections then pass around small
pulleys 74, thence angularly outwardly and around additional
pulleys mounted on the outboard sponsons 29", and finally inwardly
to form substantially straight line lateral connections at their
ends to the pivoted outboard motor 40", thus to provide most
efficient leverage for turning of such motor. Whether the motor
40", be turned to either the left or the right, a direct lateral
pull in a direction tangential relative to the rotative axis of the
motor is provided.
This modified watercraft is formed in substantially the same manner
as that described in connection with the first and second
embodiments of the invention, with the hull 10" being a single
integral molded fiberglass section which is subsequently joined at
its periphery to the single-piece molded fiberglass superstructure
14".
The hull 10" and superstructure 14" joined at their peripheries
thus form a thin flexible shell of fiberglass reinforced plastic in
the general shape of the watercraft. For forming to close
tolerances the specific irregular curves, such as the hook 72 on
the stern of the hull, expanding plastic foam is injected into the
interior of the shell under atmospheric conditions. The expanding
foam exerts pressure on the interior of the flexible shell and
forces it against exterior molding surfaces to achieve the ultimate
hull configuration. More particularly as shown in FIG. 11, the hull
10" which is initially substantially flat in the region of the hook
is confined against a jig J having a slightly convex configuration.
Plastic foam, such as expansible rigid polyurethane foam, is
injected into the hollow interior of the shell and the expanding
foam deforms the shell against the convex jig to form the hull into
the disclosed concave hooked configuration. This hooked
configuration is maintained by curing or setting of the plastic
into rigid foam within the shell interior, namely within the
sponsons 29" of the hull of FIG. 11.
It will be obvious that yet further modification can be envisioned
without departing from the spirit of the invention and the
foregoing description of three embodiments is to be considered as
purely exemplary and not in a limiting sense.
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