U.S. patent number 3,927,827 [Application Number 05/458,313] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-23 for method for controlling the ventilation of an air-conditioning system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken. Invention is credited to Ove Strindehag.
United States Patent |
3,927,827 |
Strindehag |
December 23, 1975 |
Method for controlling the ventilation of an air-conditioning
system
Abstract
A method and apparatus for supplying conditioned air to a room.
The method utilizes a plurality of partial flows and the flows are
controlled to assure a substantially constant impulse while
accommodating varying heating or cooling demand in the room. This
is accomplished by providing a primary flow from one outlet and a
secondary flow from another outlet. The speed of the secondary flow
is low compared to the primary flow so that variation in the
secondary flow as to condition to accommodate to the heating or
cooling demand in the room has no substantial effect upon the total
impulse which is determined substantially by the constant primary
air flow. The two outlets may be supplied from the same duct and
may be positioned separately or adjoining one another. The
secondary flow is preferably controlled by a thermostat which is
connected to a throttling control device.
Inventors: |
Strindehag; Ove (Jonkoping,
SW) |
Assignee: |
Aktiebolaget Svenska
Flaktfabriken (Nacka, SW)
|
Family
ID: |
20317196 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/458,313 |
Filed: |
April 5, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 13, 1973 [SW] |
|
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7305238 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
236/49.1;
454/305 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
13/26 (20130101); F24F 3/0442 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
13/00 (20060101); F24F 3/044 (20060101); F24F
13/26 (20060101); F24F 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;236/49
;98/37,33R,4N,110,36 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Assistant Examiner: Tapolcai, Jr.; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dorfman, Herrell and Skillman
Claims
I claim:
1. In an air-conditioning system in which the ventilation in a
space is varied upon demand without substantially changing the
temperature or humidity of the air supplied to the space by varying
the volume of conditioned air, the method of ventilating the space
which consists of supplying the air to the space in a plurality of
partial flows and maintaining the total impulse of the supplied air
relatively constant independent of the volume of air supply between
a minimum volume and a maximum volume, said method comprising the
steps of maintaining at least one of said partial flows supplied to
the space with a constant velocity and volume flow to thereby
maintain the impulse of said one partial flow constant at a high
impulse, and supplying at least one other of the partial flows at a
velocity substantially below the velocity of said one partial flow
to provide a low impulse, and controlling the ventilating by
varying the volume of said low-velocity partial flow without
substantially changing the temperature or humidity, said variation
being between a minimum flow and a maximum flow, the impulse of the
maximum flow in said other partial flow being substantially less
than the impulse of said one constant partial flow so as to permit
variation of the impulse of said other partial flow without
substantially affecting the total impulse provided by the total of
said partial flows, the impulse being determined by multiplying the
velocity of the flow by the volume of the flow.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said partial flows are
arranged in at least one pair including the high impulse flow and
the low impulse flow.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein said pair of flows are
supplied to said space by a pair of inlets disposed in
closely-spaced relation.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein said high-impulse flow
generates a circulation in the space into which the low-impulse
flow is co-ejected along with space air.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein said partial flows are
taken from the same supply.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said high-impulse flow is
taken from a high pressure supply and the low-impulse flow is taken
from a low pressure supply.
7. A method according to claim 1 including the step of sensing the
conditions within said space and controlling said low-impulse flow
in accordance with the sensed conditions.
Description
This invention relates to an air-conditioning system of the kind
being evident from the preamble in claim 1.
An air-conditioned room usually is supplied with a constant air
amount, the temperature of which is adjusted to the heat or cooling
demand of the room. Lately, however, also another type of
air-conditioning system has come into use, viz. such at which the
supplied air amount is varied in different parts of the
installation with respect to the heat or cooling demand in said
parts. The temperature of the supplied air, however, is the same in
the different rooms supplied by the installation. Systems of this
type, so-called VAV-systems (Variable Air Volume), can in certain
cases render substantial advantages from an installation-technical
aspect.
The supply of varying air amounts to a room involves, however,
certain difficulties as at certain load cases a flow pattern in the
room is to be established which is correct from a comfort-technical
point of view. At known types of VAV-systems a decrease in the
amount of supplied air results in a decrease of the throwing length
of the air jet and in a deterioration of the co-ejection of room
air. In order to overcome this problem, it was tried by complicated
designs of the supply air devices or by pulsating the air jets to
maintain an acceptable outflow speed also at low air flows.
However, also at these improved systems considerable variations in
the flow pattern are obtained. At supply air devices with pulsated
air, moreover, one has to utilize special arrangements for the
exhaust air system in order to collect the primary air, which is
not supplied to the room.
The present invention has as its object to eliminate said
disadvantages and produce a supply air system - of the type
VAV-system at which at varying air flows the flow pattern can be
maintained unchanged. This object is achieved according to the
invention by the method defined in the attached claims 1-6.
The invention, thus, is based on the idea that, for maintaining a
non-varying flow pattern, the impulse per time unit of the supplied
primary air must be held constant at varying air flows. The
theoretical background of the invention is explained as
follows.
The supplied air amount per time unit being q.sub.m /n where
q.sub.m is the maximum air flow at full load and n is a constant,
the impulse per time unit is: ##EQU1## where v.sub.o is the outflow
speed and A is the outflow area of the supply air device. The
constant n, which expresses the ratio between the maximum air flow
and the desired air flow, varies in the VAV-system mostly between 1
and 5, i.e. the smallest air flow is only 20% of the maximum air
flow. At such small air flows (n=5), one finds the impulse per time
unit of the air jet being only 1/25 of the value at full load
(n=1). A variation of the impulse of the air jet of up to 25 times,
of course, gives rise to greatly varying flow patterns in the room
and is entirely unsatisfactory from a comfort point of view.
By dividing the supply air flow into two partial flows, each of
which is supplied to the room through separate supply air devices
with greatly varying outflow speeds, constant flow conditions can
be obtained. The impulse per time unit for the total supply air
flow can be expressed by
In that case, q.sub.1 may constitute the basic flow, which always
is supplied, i.e. usually the magnitude 20% of the maximum total
flow, and q.sub.2 may vary between 0 and an upper value, which
consequently usually amounts to about 80% of the maximum total
flow. By supplying the basic flow with a high speed and the varying
flow with a very low speed, i.e. v.sub.1 >>v.sub.2, one finds
that the impulse per time unit for the total supply air flow can be
expressed by
At different supply air flows, therefore, a non-varying flow
pattern in the room can be obtained.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the
method, which apparatus is defined in the attached claims 7-10.
The air-conditioning system according to the invention is described
in greater detail in the following by way of some embodiments, with
reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
FIG. 1 shows the supply air devices in detail when they are mounted
at a wall in a room
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of supply air devices mounted adjacent
each other in a rectangular room, and
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of supply air devices mounted spaced
apart from each other in the same room.
It appears from FIG. 1 how the two partial flows to a room can be
arranged when the supply air devices are located at one of the
walls in the room. The constant partial air flow q.sub.1 is
supplied by means of the supply air device 1. This device comprises
an inlet passage 3, followed by a contraction portion 4, and an
outlet passage 5 with comparatively small outflow area. The entire
device preferably is given a rectangular cross-section having its
greatest extension in the horizontal direction, but of course also
other designs can be imagined. The device is terminated by a screen
6 with low pressure drop and of conventional design. The variable
air flow q.sub.2 is supplied to the room via the device 2, which
comprises an inlet passage 7, a diffusor portion 8 and an outlet
passage 9, the outlet area of which is chosen so great that the
outflow speed of the air is low compared to the outflow speed in
the device 1. Also the device 2 is terminated by a screen 10 of
suitable design. For restricting the air flow through the device 2,
a fixed throttling means 11 is placed in the inlet passage of the
device. The flow through the device is adjusted by a damper 12 or
the like, which is controlled by a damper motor 13. The setting of
the damper means is adjusted in view of the heat or cooling demand
of the room by the thermostat 14. The fixed throttling means and
the flow adjusting damper may, of course, be disposed in another
way than shown in FIG. 1. For practical reasons, the two supply air
devices 1 and 2 preferably should be supplied normally from one and
the same duct system. If, however, two duct systems with different
pressure are available, the device 1 is to be connected to the
system with the higher pressure.
The supply air devices 1 and 2 may be placed optionally, either on
the ceiling or on a wall, depending on the design of the devices.
The FIGS. 2 and 3 show two imaginable locations at wall mounting in
a rectangular room. When the devices are placed relatively tightly
adjacent one another near the ceiling, as shown in FIG. 2, a
relatively large co-ejection of the primary air flow q.sub.2 is
obtained before this air flow could mix itself with the room air.
With this arrangement of the supply air devices the devices, of
course, can be assembled to form a single combined device.
When the devices are placed apart, as in FIG. 3, for example one
device near the ceiling and the other device near the floor, a
relatively good admixture of room air will take place before the
primary air flow q.sub.2 is co-ejected. The choice of the place for
the supply air devices is determined a.o. by the temperature of the
supplied air and by the way in which the room is utilized and
shaped. The device 1 being located in the ceiling, the outflow
passage 5 of the device should be formed so as to effect a
horizontal outflow direction of the air.
The invention, of course, is not restricted to the embodiments
shown in the drawing, but may be varied in the widest sense of the
term within the scope of the idea on which this invention is
based.
* * * * *